Title: Capitalized; Less than 4 lines; abbreviation used in the title -> write in full in the abstract; Be concise, straight to the point;

By Chance Zhang

key words: XXX, XXX, XXX

目录

• Abstract
• Introduction
  • BG of Key Word 1
  • BG of Key Word 2
  • Hypothesis if Any
  • Purpose, Methodology or Organization of This Paper
• Methodology
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusion
• References

Abstract

$\le$200 words summarizing significant aspects; no citation;

Tense
Present Tense	state general facts; state the conclusions or interpretations; referring to the study/paper;
Past Tense	write about prior research; state result or observations;

Firstly, the problem(s) investigated or the overall purpose of the study

-> basic design of the investment (for a lab report. this part is to write the main procedures)

-> major findings or trends found (could be the relationships among the variables or some formulates )

-> an interpretation of the result and a brief conclusion

Introduction

BG of Key Word 1

Literature Review: related research, data, trend, basic theory, equations, formula, significant, applications,

PARAPHASE! ! !

Define certain key terms which would be used in the following contexts.

Literature Review can be organized chronologically, thematically, methodologically, or theoretically.

(In MCM/ICM, this part should be the restatement of the question)

most of the citations should be in this part

Tense:
General reference: present perfect tense (have/has + verb participle)
Specific studies carried out in the past: simple past tense (This is normally the case where a specific date or point in time in the past forms a part of the sentence.)
Referring to words or ideas of writers: present tense

Second Citation should be avoided in the text.

Any disagreement among the literature if any -> own work
Limitation of the literature if any -> own research
Further work suggested by previous paper -> own research

BG of Key Word 2

Hypothesis if Any

assumptions which would be tested

Purpose, Methodology or Organization of This Paper

• Purpose

  Describe the main purpose of your work.

• Methodology

  Providing a synopsis of the research design and method(s).

  Introduce in brief the method used to conduct the study.

• Significance

  Explaining the significance or value of the study basing on step 4 of the literature view.

• Organization

  Provide an overview of the structure of the following contexts.

Methodology

The name of the section can be whatever you like. However, no matter what you choose, they all could be name as methodology.

-> how you carried out your research

clear and detailed enough for another experienced person to repeat the research and reproduce the results.

**Tense: ** simple past tense

If this is a lab report, then the format should be:

Objectives

This investigation aims to explore ...

The experiment objectives are to confirm that:

1. xxx
2. xxx
3. xxx

Tools and Materials

This experiment requires

• xxx
• xxx
• xxx
• xxx

Procedures

The experiment was conducted starting with the connection of ..., ensuring that... The ... was ... so that... This measurement was then used to .... Once ..., .... To ensure ..., ... was .... Following that, ... was... On completion of ..., .... When ..., .... After the ...,...
The next stage/step was .....
(The final stage/step was ....)
More: Additionally, However, Therefore, As an alternative to,

Words and phrases

Verbs

1. ... was used,

2. ... was attached, connected, secured, measured, activated, deactivated, discovered, inserted, observed, noted, re-established, subjected, jointed, placed, removed, stuck, bent, cut, touched, converted, rotated, charged,

3. ... was done to establish, measure, observe, reduce, increase, activate, deactivate, determine, compare, ensure, avoid, convert, generate, minimize, maximize, yield, replicate, harness, provide, eliminate, store, rise, control, write, load, overload, rewrite, log, accumulate,

4. caused, consisted of, accounted for, ranged from ... to ..., so that it + verb-ed,

Adjectives/Adverbs

1. carefully, accurately, gradually, gently, slowly, closely, tightly, ...
2. just under, less than, fewer than, well under, ...
3. appropriate, proper, suitable, ...
4. effective, feasible, valid, applicable, ...
5. useful, beneficial, advantageous, ...
6. incorrect, inappropriate, unsuitable, improper, ...
7. important, significant, impractical, ...
8. identical, resembling, same, ...
9. functional, operative, ...
10. challenging, demanding, ...
11. malfunctioning, faulty, ...
12. time-consuming, time-wasting, ...
13. S.M.A.R.T. principle: specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, time-bonded

Nouns
removal, attachment, effect, choice of ..., approach to..., amount of ..., change in ..., rise and fall in ..., decrease in ..., on a branch of the circuit, similarity, joint,

humidity, contamination,

Results

In this section, figures, tables or other kinds of demonstrations are all acceptable.

The main issue here is basically showing the results.

The format of the demonstrations should be of deep consideration because they should be easy to understand and can clearly support the coming discussion and conclusion.

Discussion

test the result (theatrically, basing on some historical data, ...)

interpret the result following your hypothesis (use your hypothesis to restate explain the result)

or simply evaluate the achievement of the objectives in your lab report

if multiple findings -> structure them in a series of discussion cycles

notice: language used in this section should be highly tentative or cautious

Conclusion

no many references to figures, tables and literature in this part; no repetition

Conclusion sometimes may be covered by Discussion. It depends.

Summarize the main areas covered by this paper

• what you have done
• result

Give a final comment on it, including:

• highlight the significance of your findings

  solve which problem? applications?

• Limitations and suggestions for future directions

  judgement on your work

  future directions

References

Open this: IEEE for IEEE format. For other kinds of citation systems, well, none of my business, you could just google them.

In fact, if you get something like a template, the thing would be much easier, especially in \(\LaTeX\). For IEEE, check this to explore more.