>>> names=["zhang","wang","li","zhao"]

 #列表天生具有下标，基于下标0,1,2,...进行查找

 >>> names[1]

 'wang'

 #列表的切片，即也是基于下标进行操作

 >>> names[1:3]

 ['wang', 'li']

 >>> names[-1:]

 ['zhao']

 >>> names[:3]

 ['zhang', 'wang', 'li']

 >>> names[1:]

 ['wang', 'li', 'zhao']

 #基于列表中的值找下标

 >>> print(names.index('li'))

 2

 >>> print(names[names.index('li')])

 li

 #基于for循环查找列表值

 >>> for i in names:

 ...     print(i)

 ...

 zhang

 wang

 li

 zhao

 >>> names=["zhang","wang","li","zhao"]

 >>> names.append("Sun")

 >>> names

 ['zhang', 'wang', 'li', 'zhao', 'Sun']

 >>> names.insert(1,'qian')

 >>> names

 ['zhang', 'qian', 'wang', 'li', 'zhao', 'Sun']

 >>> names[2] = 'gao'

 >>> names

 ['zhang', 'qian', 'gao', 'li', 'zhao', 'Sun']

 >>> names

 ['zhang', 'qian', 'gao', 'li', 'zhao', 'Sun']

 >>> names.remove('zhang')

 >>> names

 ['qian', 'gao', 'li', 'zhao', 'Sun']

 >>> del names[1]

 >>> names

 ['qian', 'li', 'zhao', 'Sun']

 >>> names.pop()

 'Sun'

 >>> names.pop(1)

 'li'

 >>> names

 ['qian', 'zhao']

 >>> names

 ['qian', 'zhao']

 >>> names.append('Sun') #追加

 >>> names

 ['qian', 'zhao', 'Sun']

 >>> names.insert(1,'zhang')  #插入

 >>> names

 ['qian', 'zhang', 'zhao', 'Sun']

 >>> names2=[1,2,3,4]

 >>> names.extend(names2) #合并

 >>> names

 ['qian', 'zhang', 'zhao', 'Sun', 1, 2, 3, 4]

 #深浅copy

 >>> names3 = names.copy()#浅copy，指向同一块内存地址

 >>> names

 ['qian', 'zhang', 'zhao', 'Sun', 1, 2, 3, 4]

 >>> names3

 ['qian', 'zhang', 'zhao', 'Sun', 1, 2, 3, 4]

 #深copy，新增一块内存地址，把数据完全copy一份到新内存

 >>> import copy

 >>> names

 ['qian', 'zhang', 'zhao', 'Sun', 1, 2, 3, 4]

 >>> names4 = copy.deepcopy(names)

 >>> names4

 ['qian', 'zhang', 'zhao', 'Sun', 1, 2, 3, 4]

 >>> names = ('alex','wang','eric')

 >>> names.append('li')

 Traceback (most recent call last):

   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>

 AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'append'

 >>> names[1]

 'wang'

 >>> print(names.index('alex'))

 0

 >>> print(names[names.index('alex')])

 alex

 name="my name is alex"

 print(name.center(50,"-")) 打印50个字符，不够用-补上，并把name放中间

 -----------------my name is alex------------------

 >>> print(name.startswith('my')) #判断是否以某字符开头

 True

 print(name.endswith("ex")) 判断name字符串是否以ex结尾

 My name is alex

 name="my\tnameis{name}andmyageis{year}old"

 print(name.format(name='alex',year=23))

 my name is alex and my age is 23 old

 print(name.index('a'))

 5

 print(''.isdigit())是否为整数

 True

 print('+'.join(['','','','']))  经常用

 1+2+3+4

 print('alexli'.replace('l','L')) 把小写l替换成大写的L

 aLex Li

 print('alex li'.split())把字符串按空格组成一个列表

 ['alex', 'li']

 >>> info = {'stu1101':'wang','stu1102':'zhang','stu1103':'li'}

 >>> info['stu1104'] = 'zhao'

 >>> info

 {'stu1101': 'wang', 'stu1102': 'zhang', 'stu1103': 'li', 'stu1104': 'zhao'}

 #合并

 >>> info2 = {1:3,2:5}

 >>> info.update(info2)

 >>> info

 {'stu1101': 'wang', 'stu1102': 'zhang', 'stu1103': 'li', 'stu1104': 'zhao', 1:

 , 2: 5}

 >>> info = {'stu1101':'wang','stu1102':'zhang','stu1103':'li'}

 >>> info['stu1101'] = 'lu'

 >>> info

 {'stu1101': 'lu', 'stu1102': 'zhang', 'stu1103': 'li'}

 >>> info

 {'stu1101': 'lu', 'stu1102': 'zhang', 'stu1103': 'li'}

 >>> del info['stu1101']

 >>> info

 {'stu1102': 'zhang', 'stu1103': 'li'}

 info.pop("stu1101")  #pop删除

 info.popitem()随机删除

 >>> info

 {'stu1102': 'zhang', 'stu1103': 'li'}

 >>> info['stu1102']

 'zhang'

 #判断是否存在字典中

 print(info.get('stu1104'))  安全获取的方法

 None

 >>> print('stu1103' in info)

 True

 >>> info

 {'stu1102': 'zhang', 'stu1103': 'li'}

 >>> info['stu1102']

 'zhang'

 >>> for i in info:  #最建议的查询方式

 ...     print(i,info[i])

 ...

 stu1102 zhang

 stu1103 li

 >>> for k,v in info.items():

 ...     print(k,v)

 ...

 stu1102 zhang

 stu1103 li

 >>> print(info.items())

 dict_items([('stu1102', 'zhang'), ('stu1103', 'li')])

 >>> list = [1,2,3,4]

 >>> list_1 = set(list)

 >>> print(type(list_1),list_1)

 <class 'set'> {1, 2, 3, 4}

 >>> list = [1,2,3,4]

 >>> list_1 = set(list)

 >>> print(type(list_1),list_1)

 <class 'set'> {1, 2, 3, 4}

 >>> list_1.add(999)

 >>> list_1

 {1, 2, 3, 4, 999}

 >>> list_1.update([777,888])

 >>> list_1

 {1, 2, 3, 4, 999, 777, 888}

 >>> list_1.remove(999)

 >>> list_1

 {1, 2, 3, 4, 777, 888}

 >>> list_1.discard(888)

 >>> list_1

 {1, 2, 3, 4, 777}

 >>> list_1.pop()

 1