首先打开Elasticsearch官网了解对应编程语言的API https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/index.html
点击 PHP API即可查看当前7.X版本的文档内容了
安装操作Elasticsearch的PHP库
我们使用TP5来作为示例
首先需要安装操作Elasticsearch的PHP客户端库,我们打开https://packagist.org/,搜索Elasticsearch。
这里有个Elasticsearch-PHP和Elasticsearch版本的对照表,我们需要根据我们自己使用的Elasticsearch的版本下载对应的Elasticsearch-PHP
由于我的Elasticsearch版本是7.6.2,所以这里我们可以下载最新的Elasticsearch-PHP版本为7.8.0
我们进入到自己的项目目录里安装Elasticsearch-PHP
composer require elasticsearch/elasticsearch=7.8.*
PHP连接Elasticsearch
官方配置文档:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/php-api/current/configuration.html
$hosts = [
‘127.0.0.1:9200‘, //IP+端口
];
$client = \Elasticsearch\ClientBuilder::create()->setHosts($hosts)->build();
var_dump($client);
创建索引和映射
创建一个名为users的索引同时创建映射,并制定映射中各个字段的类型
$hosts = [
‘127.0.0.1:9200‘, //IP+端口
];
$client = \Elasticsearch\ClientBuilder::create()->setHosts($hosts)->build();
$params = [
‘index‘ => ‘users‘,
‘body‘ => [
‘settings‘ => [
‘number_of_shards‘ => 3,
‘number_of_replicas‘ => 2
],
‘mappings‘ => [
‘_source‘ => [
‘enabled‘ => true
],
‘properties‘ => [
‘name‘ => [
‘type‘ => ‘keyword‘
],
‘age‘ => [
‘type‘ => ‘integer‘
],
‘mobile‘ => [
‘type‘ => ‘text‘
],
‘email‘ => [
‘type‘ => ‘text‘
],
‘birthday‘ => [
‘type‘ => ‘date‘
],
‘address‘ => [
‘type‘ => ‘text‘
]
]
]
]
];
// Create the index with mappings and settings now
$response = $client->indices()->create($params);
dump($response);
添加文档
当你要在 Elasticsearch 增加文档时,你就需要索引 JSON 文档。JSON 文档会映射 PHP 关联数组,因为 PHP 关联数组可以 encode 为 JSON 数据格式。
因此在 Elasticsearch-PHP 中你可以传递关联数组给客户端来索引文档。我们会概述几种方法来增加文档到 Elasticsearch。
单一文档索引
当索引一个文档时,你可以提供一个 ID 或者让 Elasticsearch 自动生成。
现在有如下数据,我们将其添加到users索引中
$hosts = [
‘127.0.0.1:9200‘, //IP+端口
];
$client = \Elasticsearch\ClientBuilder::create()->setHosts($hosts)->build();
$params = [
‘index‘ => ‘users‘,
‘id‘ => 1,
‘body‘ => [
‘name‘ => ‘张三‘,
‘age‘ => 10,
‘email‘ => ‘zs@gmail.com‘,
‘birthday‘ => ‘1990-12-12‘,
‘address‘ => ‘北京‘
]
];
$client->index($params);
通过Kibana可以查看到已经成功添加到Elasticsearch中
批量(bulk)索引
Elasticsearch 也支持批量(bulk)索引文档。bulk API 要求提供 JSON 格式的 action/元数据 键值对。在 PHP 中构建批量文档数据也是相似的。你首先要创建一个 action 数组对象(如 index
对象),然后你还要创建一个 body 对象。而 PHP 程序则重复上述操作构建文档数据。
$hosts = [
‘127.0.0.1:9200‘, //IP+端口
];
$client = \Elasticsearch\ClientBuilder::create()->setHosts($hosts)->build();
$arr = [
[‘name‘ => ‘张三‘, ‘age‘ => 10, ‘email‘ => ‘zs@gmail.com‘, ‘birthday‘ => ‘1990-12-12‘, ‘address‘ => ‘北京‘],
[‘name‘ => ‘李四‘, ‘age‘ => 20, ‘email‘ => ‘ls@gmail.com‘, ‘birthday‘ => ‘1990-10-15‘, ‘address‘ => ‘河南‘],
[‘name‘ => ‘白兮‘, ‘age‘ => 15, ‘email‘ => ‘bx@gmail.com‘, ‘birthday‘ => ‘1970-08-12‘, ‘address‘ => ‘杭州‘],
[‘name‘ => ‘王五‘, ‘age‘ => 25, ‘email‘ => ‘ww@gmail.com‘, ‘birthday‘ => ‘1980-12-01‘, ‘address‘ => ‘四川‘],
];
foreach ($arr as $key => $document) {
$params[‘body‘][] = [
‘index‘ => [
‘_index‘ => ‘users‘,
‘_id‘ => $key
]
];
$params[‘body‘][] = [
‘name‘ => $document[‘name‘],
‘age‘ => $document[‘age‘],
‘email‘ => $document[‘email‘],
‘birthday‘ => $document[‘birthday‘],
‘address‘ => $document[‘address‘]
];
}
if (isset($params) && !empty($params)) {
$client->bulk($params);
}
如果数据量不多可以用上面的方法,如果数据量很多的话,我们就可以考虑分次添加
获取文档
Elasticsearch 提供实时获取文档的方法。这意味着只要文档被索引且客户端收到消息确认后,你就可以立即在任何的分片中检索文档。Get 操作通过 index/type/id
方式请求一个文档信息:
$hosts = [
‘127.0.0.1:9200‘, //IP+端口
];
$client = \Elasticsearch\ClientBuilder::create()->setHosts($hosts)->build();
$params = [
‘index‘ => ‘users‘,
‘id‘ => 1
];
$response = $client->get($params);
dump($response);
更新文档
部分更新
如果你要部分更新文档(如更改现存字段,或添加新字段),你可以在 body 参数中指定一个 doc 参数。这样 doc 参数内的字段会与现存字段进行合并。
$hosts = [
‘127.0.0.1:9200‘, //IP+端口
];
$client = \Elasticsearch\ClientBuilder::create()->setHosts($hosts)->build();
$params = [
‘index‘ => ‘users‘,
‘id‘ => 1,
‘body‘ => [
‘doc‘ => [
‘mobile‘ => ‘17612345678‘
]
]
];
$response = $client->update($params);
dump($response);
script更新
有时你要执行一个脚本来进行更新操作,如对字段进行自增操作或添加新字段。为了执行一个脚本更新,你要提供脚本命令和一些参数:
例如:将李四的年龄增加5岁
$hosts = [
‘127.0.0.1:9200‘, //IP+端口
];
$client = \Elasticsearch\ClientBuilder::create()->setHosts($hosts)->build();
$params = [
‘index‘ => ‘users‘,
‘id‘ => ‘1‘,
‘body‘ => [
‘script‘ => ‘ctx._source.age += 5‘,
]
];
$response = $client->update($params);
dump($response);
通过Kibana查看发现年龄已经增加了5岁
删除文档
通过指定文档的 /index/type/id
路径可以删除文档:
$hosts = [
‘127.0.0.1:9200‘, //IP+端口
];
$client = \Elasticsearch\ClientBuilder::create()->setHosts($hosts)->build();
$params = [
‘index‘ => ‘users‘,
‘id‘ => 2,
];
$response = $client->delete($params);
dump($response);