使用C#开发自定义windows服务是一件十分简单的事。那么什么时候，我们需要自己开发windows服务呢，就是当我们需要计算机定期或者一 直执行我们开发的某些程序的时候。我经常看到许多人开发的windows服务安装卸载都是使用cmd命令来进行的，我觉得这样的话，部署起来比较麻烦，于是就考虑做了一个可视化的windows控制程序，方便，快捷。
这里我以一个WCF的监听服务为例，因为我是做一个局域聊天室，需要服务器端监听终端，所以我就开发了一个服务，以便控制此监听服务。然而，我们开发的windows服务，默认情况下是无法可视化的操作的，这里我就额外的开发一个工具来对此服务进行操作，效果图如下：
开发步骤
1、“新建项目”——“Window服务”
Program.cs代码：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Description;
using System.ServiceProcess; namespace MSMQChatService
{
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
#region 服务启动入口，正式用 ServiceBase[] ServicesToRun;
ServicesToRun = new ServiceBase[] { new MQChatService() };
ServiceBase.Run(ServicesToRun); #endregion
}
}
MQChatService.cs代码如下：
protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
{
//开启服务 这里就是你想要让服务做的操作
StartService();
}
3、切换到MQChatService的可视化界面
4、在可视化界面，单击鼠标右键，
将会出现一个Installer为后缀的新界面，默认好像是Project Installer.cs，我这里将其重命名为ServiceInstaller.cs
分别对界面上这两个组件进行属性配置，具体的属性签名可以查看属性面板的最下面（右下角处）
好了，我们的windows服务已经开发好了，接下来就开发一个可视化的控制器，来控制服务的安装、卸载、启动和停止。
1、 新建一个windows程序，名称ServiceSetup，Form1重命名为FrmServiceSetup，
界面控件如下：
Program.cs代码如下：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms; namespace ServiceSetup
{
static class Program
{
/// <summary>
/// 应用程序的主入口点。
/// </summary>
[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
//获取欲启动进程名
string strProcessName = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName;
////获取版本号
//CommonData.VersionNumber = Application.ProductVersion;
//检查进程是否已经启动，已经启动则显示报错信息退出程序。
if (System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcessesByName(strProcessName).Length > )
{
MessageBox.Show("程序已经运行。");
Thread.Sleep();
System.Environment.Exit();
}
else
{
Application.EnableVisualStyles();
Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
Application.Run(new FrmServiceSetup());
}
}
}
}
主界面代码：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms; namespace ServiceSetup
{
public partial class FrmServiceSetup : Form
{
string strServiceName = string.Empty;
public FrmServiceSetup()
{
InitializeComponent();
strServiceName = string.IsNullOrEmpty(lblServiceName.Text) ? "MSMQChatService" : lblServiceName.Text;
InitControlStatus(strServiceName, btnInstallOrUninstall, btnStartOrEnd, btnGetStatus, lblMsg, gbMain);
} /// <summary>
/// 初始化控件状态
/// </summary>
/// <param name="serviceName">服务名称</param>
/// <param name="btn1">安装按钮</param>
/// <param name="btn2">启动按钮</param>
/// <param name="btn3">获取状态按钮</param>
/// <param name="txt">提示信息</param>
/// <param name="gb">服务所在组合框</param>
void InitControlStatus(string serviceName, Button btn1, Button btn2, Button btn3, Label txt, GroupBox gb)
{
try
{
btn1.Enabled = true; if (ServiceAPI.isServiceIsExisted(serviceName))
{
btn3.Enabled = true;
btn2.Enabled = true;
btn1.Text = "卸载服务";
int status = ServiceAPI.GetServiceStatus(serviceName);
if (status == )
{
btn2.Text = "停止服务";
}
else
{
btn2.Text = "启动服务";
}
GetServiceStatus(serviceName, txt);
//获取服务版本
string temp = string.IsNullOrEmpty(ServiceAPI.GetServiceVersion(serviceName)) ? string.Empty : "(" + ServiceAPI.GetServiceVersion(serviceName) + ")";
gb.Text += temp;
}
else
{
btn1.Text = "安装服务";
btn2.Enabled = false;
btn3.Enabled = false;
txt.Text = "服务【" + serviceName + "】未安装！";
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
txt.Text = "error";
LogAPI.WriteLog(ex.Message);
}
} /// <summary>
/// 安装或卸载服务
/// </summary>
/// <param name="serviceName">服务名称</param>
/// <param name="btnSet">安装、卸载</param>
/// <param name="btnOn">启动、停止</param>
/// <param name="txtMsg">提示信息</param>
/// <param name="gb">组合框</param>
void SetServerce(string serviceName, Button btnSet, Button btnOn, Button btnShow, Label txtMsg, GroupBox gb)
{
try
{
string location = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location;
string serviceFileName = location.Substring(, location.LastIndexOf('\\')) + "\\" + serviceName + ".exe"; if (btnSet.Text == "安装服务")
{
ServiceAPI.InstallmyService(null, serviceFileName);
if (ServiceAPI.isServiceIsExisted(serviceName))
{
txtMsg.Text = "服务【" + serviceName + "】安装成功！";
btnOn.Enabled = btnShow.Enabled = true;
string temp = string.IsNullOrEmpty(ServiceAPI.GetServiceVersion(serviceName)) ? string.Empty : "(" + ServiceAPI.GetServiceVersion(serviceName) + ")";
gb.Text += temp;
btnSet.Text = "卸载服务";
btnOn.Text = "启动服务";
}
else
{
txtMsg.Text = "服务【" + serviceName + "】安装失败，请检查日志！";
}
}
else
{
ServiceAPI.UnInstallmyService(serviceFileName);
if (!ServiceAPI.isServiceIsExisted(serviceName))
{
txtMsg.Text = "服务【" + serviceName + "】卸载成功！";
btnOn.Enabled = btnShow.Enabled = false;
btnSet.Text = "安装服务";
//gb.Text =strServiceName;
}
else
{
txtMsg.Text = "服务【" + serviceName + "】卸载失败，请检查日志！";
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
txtMsg.Text = "error";
LogAPI.WriteLog(ex.Message);
}
} //获取服务状态
void GetServiceStatus(string serviceName, Label txtStatus)
{
try
{
if (ServiceAPI.isServiceIsExisted(serviceName))
{
string statusStr = "";
int status = ServiceAPI.GetServiceStatus(serviceName);
switch (status)
{
case :
statusStr = "服务未运行！";
break;
case :
statusStr = "服务正在启动！";
break;
case :
statusStr = "服务正在停止！";
break;
case :
statusStr = "服务正在运行！";
break;
case :
statusStr = "服务即将继续！";
break;
case :
statusStr = "服务即将暂停！";
break;
case :
statusStr = "服务已暂停！";
break;
default:
statusStr = "未知状态！";
break;
}
txtStatus.Text = statusStr;
}
else
{
txtStatus.Text = "服务【" + serviceName + "】未安装！";
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
txtStatus.Text = "error";
LogAPI.WriteLog(ex.Message);
}
} //启动服务
void OnService(string serviceName, Button btn, Label txt)
{
try
{
if (btn.Text == "启动服务")
{
ServiceAPI.RunService(serviceName); int status = ServiceAPI.GetServiceStatus(serviceName);
if (status == || status == || status == )
{
txt.Text = "服务【" + serviceName + "】启动成功！";
btn.Text = "停止服务";
}
else
{
txt.Text = "服务【" + serviceName + "】启动失败！";
}
}
else
{
ServiceAPI.StopService(serviceName); int status = ServiceAPI.GetServiceStatus(serviceName);
if (status == || status == || status == || status == )
{
txt.Text = "服务【" + serviceName + "】停止成功！";
btn.Text = "启动服务";
}
else
{
txt.Text = "服务【" + serviceName + "】停止失败！";
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
txt.Text = "error";
LogAPI.WriteLog(ex.Message);
}
} //安装or卸载服务
private void btnInstallOrUninstall_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
btnInstallOrUninstall.Enabled = false;
SetServerce(strServiceName, btnInstallOrUninstall, btnStartOrEnd, btnGetStatus, lblMsg, gbMain);
btnInstallOrUninstall.Enabled = true;
btnInstallOrUninstall.Focus();
} //启动or停止服务
private void btnStartOrEnd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
btnStartOrEnd.Enabled = false;
OnService(strServiceName, btnStartOrEnd, lblMsg);
btnStartOrEnd.Enabled = true;
btnStartOrEnd.Focus();
} //获取服务状态
private void btnGetStatus_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
btnGetStatus.Enabled = false;
GetServiceStatus(strServiceName, lblMsg);
btnGetStatus.Enabled = true;
btnGetStatus.Focus();
} private void FrmServiceSetup_Resize(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (this.WindowState == FormWindowState.Minimized) //最小化到系统托盘
{
notifyIcon1.Visible = true; //显示托盘图标
this.ShowInTaskbar = false;
this.Hide(); //隐藏窗口
}
} private void FrmServiceSetup_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
{
DialogResult result = MessageBox.Show("是缩小到托盘?", "确认", MessageBoxButtons.YesNoCancel, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
if (result== DialogResult.Yes)
{
// 取消关闭窗体
e.Cancel = true;
// 将窗体变为最小化
this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Minimized;
}
else if (result == DialogResult.No)
{
System.Environment.Exit();
}
else
{
e.Cancel = true;
}
} private void notifyIcon1_MouseClick(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Left&&this.WindowState == FormWindowState.Minimized)
{
this.Show();
this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Normal;
this.ShowInTaskbar = true; //显示在系统任务栏
//notifyIcon1.Visible = false; //托盘图标不可见
this.Activate();
}
} private void 打开主界面ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.Show();
this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Normal;
this.ShowInTaskbar = true; //显示在系统任务栏
notifyIcon1.Visible = false; //托盘图标不可见
this.Activate();
} private void 退出ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
System.Environment.Exit();
ExitProcess();
}
//结束进程
private void ExitProcess()
{
System.Environment.Exit();
Process[] ps = Process.GetProcesses();
foreach (Process item in ps)
{
if (item.ProcessName == "ServiceSetup")
{
item.Kill();
}
}
}
}
}
新建一个类，专门用于日志操作LogAPI.cs，这里的日志路径和名称建议从配置文件中读取
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace ServiceSetup
{
public class LogAPI
{
private static string myPath = "";
private static string myName = ""; /// <summary>
/// 初始化日志文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="logPath"></param>
/// <param name="logName"></param>
public static void InitLogAPI(string logPath, string logName)
{
myPath = logPath;
myName = logName;
} /// <summary>
/// 写入日志
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ex">日志信息</param>
public static void WriteLog(string ex)
{
if (myPath == "" || myName == "")
return; string Year = DateTime.Now.Year.ToString();
string Month = DateTime.Now.Month.ToString().PadLeft(, '');
string Day = DateTime.Now.Day.ToString().PadLeft(, ''); //年月日文件夹是否存在，不存在则建立
if (!Directory.Exists(myPath + "\\LogFiles\\" + Year + "_" + Month + "\\" + Year + "_" + Month + "_" + Day))
{
Directory.CreateDirectory(myPath + "\\LogFiles\\" + Year + "_" + Month + "\\" + Year + "_" + Month + "_" + Day);
} //写入日志UNDO,Exception has not been handle
string LogFile = myPath + "\\LogFiles\\" + Year + "_" + Month + "\\" + Year + "_" + Month + "_" + Day + "\\" + myName;
if (!File.Exists(LogFile))
{
System.IO.StreamWriter myFile;
myFile = System.IO.File.AppendText(LogFile);
myFile.Close();
} while (true)
{
try
{
StreamWriter sr = File.AppendText(LogFile);
sr.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("HH:mm:ss") + " " + ex);
sr.Close();
break;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep();
continue;
}
} } }
}
Windows服务的操作类ServiceAPI.cs
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Configuration.Install;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.ServiceProcess;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Win32; namespace ServiceSetup
{
public class ServiceAPI
{
/// <summary>
/// 检查服务存在的存在性
/// </summary>
/// <param name=" NameService ">服务名</param>
/// <returns>存在返回 true,否则返回 false;</returns>
public static bool isServiceIsExisted(string NameService)
{
ServiceController[] services = ServiceController.GetServices();
foreach (ServiceController s in services)
{
if (s.ServiceName.ToLower() == NameService.ToLower())
{
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/// <summary>
/// 安装Windows服务
/// </summary>
/// <param name="stateSaver">集合</param>
/// <param name="filepath">程序文件路径</param>
public static void InstallmyService(IDictionary stateSaver, string filepath)
{
AssemblyInstaller AssemblyInstaller1 = new AssemblyInstaller();
AssemblyInstaller1.UseNewContext = true;
AssemblyInstaller1.Path = filepath;
AssemblyInstaller1.Install(stateSaver);
AssemblyInstaller1.Commit(stateSaver);
AssemblyInstaller1.Dispose();
}
/// <summary>
/// 卸载Windows服务
/// </summary>
/// <param name="filepath">程序文件路径</param>
public static void UnInstallmyService(string filepath)
{
AssemblyInstaller AssemblyInstaller1 = new AssemblyInstaller();
AssemblyInstaller1.UseNewContext = true;
AssemblyInstaller1.Path = filepath;
AssemblyInstaller1.Uninstall(null);
AssemblyInstaller1.Dispose();
} /// <summary>
/// 启动服务
/// </summary>
/// <param name=" NameService ">服务名</param>
/// <returns>存在返回 true,否则返回 false;</returns>
public static bool RunService(string NameService)
{
bool bo = true;
try
{
ServiceController sc = new ServiceController(NameService);
if (sc.Status.Equals(ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped) || sc.Status.Equals(ServiceControllerStatus.StopPending))
{
sc.Start();
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
bo = false;
LogAPI.WriteLog(ex.Message);
} return bo;
} /// <summary>
/// 停止服务
/// </summary>
/// <param name=" NameService ">服务名</param>
/// <returns>存在返回 true,否则返回 false;</returns>
public static bool StopService(string NameService)
{
bool bo = true;
try
{
ServiceController sc = new ServiceController(NameService);
if (!sc.Status.Equals(ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped))
{
sc.Stop();
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
bo = false;
LogAPI.WriteLog(ex.Message);
} return bo;
} /// <summary>
/// 获取服务状态
/// </summary>
/// <param name=" NameService ">服务名</param>
/// <returns>返回服务状态</returns>
public static int GetServiceStatus(string NameService)
{
int ret = ;
try
{
ServiceController sc = new ServiceController(NameService);
ret = Convert.ToInt16(sc.Status);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
ret = ;
LogAPI.WriteLog(ex.Message);
} return ret;
} /// <summary>
/// 获取服务安装路径
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ServiceName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string GetWindowsServiceInstallPath(string ServiceName)
{
string path = "";
try
{
string key = @"SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\" + ServiceName;
path = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(key).GetValue("ImagePath").ToString(); path = path.Replace("\"", string.Empty);//替换掉双引号 FileInfo fi = new FileInfo(path);
path = fi.Directory.ToString();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
path = "";
LogAPI.WriteLog(ex.Message);
}
return path;
} /// <summary>
/// 获取指定服务的版本号
/// </summary>
/// <param name="serviceName">服务名称</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string GetServiceVersion(string serviceName)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(serviceName))
{
return string.Empty;
}
try
{
string path = GetWindowsServiceInstallPath(serviceName) + "\\" + serviceName + ".exe";
Assembly assembly = Assembly.LoadFile(path);
AssemblyName assemblyName = assembly.GetName();
Version version = assemblyName.Version;
return version.ToString();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogAPI.WriteLog(ex.Message);
return string.Empty;
}
}
}
}
注意：记得将服务程序的dll拷贝到可视化安装程序的bin目录下面。包括配置文件。如果运行报错，尝试以管理员身份运行安装程序。