django+mysql实现网页查询
实现网页查询并返回结果，将查询关键字保存至数据库
环境：
- vscode 编辑器
- python3.8.2
- djangoVersion: 2.0
- pip list
Package Version
----------------- -------
astroid 2.4.2
colorama 0.4.3
Django 2.0
isort 4.3.21
lazy-object-proxy 1.4.3
mccabe 0.6.1
pip 20.1.1
pylint 2.5.3
PyMySQL 0.9.3
pytz 2020.1
setuptools 41.2.0
six 1.15.0
toml 0.10.1
wrapt 1.12.1
1、创建视图，添加映射
mkdir projects
cd projects
python -m venv .venv_mysql
cd .venv_mysql/scripts
activate ## 激活虚拟环境
pip install django==2.0## 高版本不支持pymysql,如果能安装上mysqlclient也可以使用高版本的
django-admin startproject pro_mysql
cd pro_mysql
python manage.py startapp app_mysql
## 1、创建两个视图app_mysql/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
def search(request):
return render(request,"app_mysql/search.html",{})
def handle(request):
return render(request,"app_mysql/resp.html",{})
## 2、修改pro/setting.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
‘django.contrib.admin‘,
‘django.contrib.auth‘,
‘django.contrib.contenttypes‘,
‘django.contrib.sessions‘,
‘django.contrib.messages‘,
‘django.contrib.staticfiles‘,
‘app_mysql‘,
]
# 3、添加映射
## 3.1 子路由app/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from . import views
app_name = ‘app_mysql‘ ## 命名空间
urlpatterns = [
path(‘‘, views.search,name=‘search‘),
path(‘handle/‘, views.handle,name=‘handle‘),
]
## 3.2 总路由pro/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
urlpatterns = [
path(‘admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
path(‘‘, include(‘app_mysql.urls‘)),
]
2、添加页面框架并测试django
# 1、app_mysql/templates/app_mysql/search.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>搜索</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>hello world</h1>
</body>
</html>
# 2、app_mysql/templates/app_mysql/resp.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>返回内容</title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
-
命令行检查django是否安装成功
python manage.py runserver
3、数据库mysql安装
-
下载mysql安装包,解压到安装目录，注意目录不要包含中文
-
①下转到mysql的bin目录下：cmd命令行：cd mysql..\bin
-
②安装mysql的服务：mysqld --install 或者mysqld –remove ，mysqld remove MySQL，删除data文件夹
-
③初始化mysql，在这里，初始化会产生一个随机密码,记住这个密码，后面会用到(mysqld --initialize --console)
- mysqld --initialize --console
- -Knhlwhhj1wV
-
④开启mysql的服务(net start mysql)、停服务net stop mysql
-
⑤登录验证，mysql是否安装成功！
- mysql -u root -p 密码提示输入：root110
-
修改密码：alter user ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ identified by ‘root110‘;
- exit
- mysql -u root -p 密码提示输入：root110
-
设置系统的全局变量：
- ①点击"我的电脑"-->"属性"-->‘‘高级系统设置‘‘-->‘‘环境变量‘‘
4、navicat 连接数据库
- 创建连接
- mysql
- app_mysql
- localhost
- 3306
- root
- root110
- 创建数据库
- 数据库名：mysql-demo1
- 字符集：utf8mb4
- 排序规则：空着
- 创建表shop，text
- shop表 和 text表可使用语法生成
5、vscode设置数据库连接
## 设置pro_mysql/__init__.py
## 命令行先安装pymysql
pip install pymysql
# import pymysql # 导入第三方模块，用来操作mysql数据库
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
## 设置pro_mysql/settings.py
DATABASES = {
‘default‘: {
‘ENGINE‘: ‘django.db.backends.mysql‘,
‘NAME‘: ‘mysql-demo1‘,
‘HOST‘: ‘127.0.0.1‘,
‘PORT‘: 3306,
‘USER‘:‘root‘,
‘PASSWORD‘:‘root110‘
}
}
## 命令行查看数据库细节
python manage.py inspectdb
## 生成models.py文件
python manage.py inspectdb > models.py
## 将models.py移动到app下
## 修改models.py为可写
class Meta:
managed = True ## True为可写
db_table = ‘text‘
6、搜索网页内容编写
## 1、编写app/template/name1/search.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>搜索</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="{% url ‘app_mysql:handle‘ %}" method="POST"> <!--命名空间app_name的值:对应函数-->
{% csrf_token %} <!--django防范跨越攻击的作用-->
<div> <!--搜索框-->
<input type="text" name="搜索内容"> ## 注意属性之间没有逗号
<input type="submit" value="搜索">
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
7、接收数据,返回数据
## 1、app_mysql/views.py中编写接收数据函数，将数据保存到数据库
from . import service
def handle(request):
text = request.POST["搜索内容"] ## 对应search.html中<input type="text",name="搜索内容">
service.addText(text) ## 将搜索的值存入数据库
## app_mysql/service.py 新建文件，存储到数据库功能的文件
from .models import Text
def addText(text):
text1 = Text(text=text)
text1.save()
## 2、返回数据函数
def handle(request):
text = request.POST["搜索内容"] ## 对应search.html中<input type="text",name="搜索内容">
service.addText(text) ## 将搜索的值存入数据库
db = Shop.objects.all() ## 将数据库的每条数据内容变为可操作的对象
po_list=[] ## 创建列表
for i in db:
if text in i.title:
po_list.append(i.content) ## 若传入的text值在shop.title中，将shop.content加入列表
return render(request,"app_mysql/resp.html",{"resp":po_list}) ## 将列表值返回给resp.html，使用resp接收
8、搜索结果返回网页编写
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>返回内容</title>
</head>
<body>
{% for i in resp %}
<h1>{{ i }}</h1>
{% endfor%}
</body>
</html>
9、测试结果
- python manage.py runserver
- 网页打开http://127.0.0.1:8000/
- 输入表单内容，并提交
- 跳转到http://127.0.0.1:8000/handle并有数据返回
- 查看Navicat数据库中text表中是否保存有关键字
10、相关问题
-
提示需要安装更高版本的mysqlclient时，可考虑降低django版本，原因可baidu
-
提示vscode会提示出现Class “xxx” has no ‘objects’ member错误：
- 不影响使用
- pip install pylint-django
-
settings.json中增加以下语句
{ "python.pythonPath": ".venv\\Scripts\\python.exe", "python.linting.pylintArgs": ["--generate-members"] }
完整代码
app_mysql
- views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from . import service
from app_mysql.models import Shop
# Create your views here.
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
def search(request):
return render(request,"app_mysql/search.html",{})
def handle(request):
text = request.POST["搜索内容"] ## 对应search.html中<input type="text",name="搜索内容">
service.addText(text) ## 将搜索的值存入数据库
db = Shop.objects.all() ## 将数据库的每条数据内容变为可操作的对象
po_list=[] ## 创建列表
for i in db:
if text in i.title:
po_list.append(i.content) ## 若传入的text值在shop.title中，将shop.content加入列表
return render(request,"app_mysql/resp.html",{"resp":po_list}) ## 将列表值返回给resp.html，使用resp接收
- urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from . import views
app_name = ‘app_mysql‘ ## 命名空间
urlpatterns = [
path(‘‘, views.search,name=‘search‘),
path(‘handle/‘, views.handle,name=‘handle‘),
]
- modles.py
# This is an auto-generated Django model module.
# You‘ll have to do the following manually to clean this up:
# * Rearrange models‘ order
# * Make sure each model has one field with primary_key=True
# * Make sure each ForeignKey has `on_delete` set to the desired behavior.
# * Remove `managed = False` lines if you wish to allow Django to create, modify, and delete the table
# Feel free to rename the models, but don‘t rename db_table values or field names.
from django.db import models
class Shop(models.Model):
id = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
title = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
content = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
class Meta:
managed = True
db_table = ‘shop‘
class Text(models.Model):
id = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
text = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)
class Meta:
managed = True
db_table = ‘text‘
- service.py
from .models import Text
## 存储到数据库功能的文件
def addText(text):
text1 = Text(text=text)
text1.save()
- seach.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>搜索</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="{% url ‘app_mysql:handle‘ %}" method="POST"> <!--命名空间app_name的值:对应函数-->
{% csrf_token %} <!--django防范跨越攻击的作用-->
<div> <!--搜索框-->
<input type="text" name="搜索内容">
<input type="submit" value="搜索">
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
- resp.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>返回内容</title>
</head>
<body>
{% for i in resp %}
<h1>{{ i }}</h1>
{% endfor%}
</body>
</html>