四、实验结论

1.实验任务1

验证性内容。

2.实验任务2

• 给出Person.hpp源码和task2.cpp源码

  Person.hpp

  #include <iostream>
  #include <iomanip>
  using namespace std;
  
  class Person
  {
  public:
      Person(){};
      Person(string name0, string telephone0, string email0 = "") : name(name0), telephone(telephone0), email(email0){};
      Person(Person const &p) : name(p.name), telephone(p.telephone), email(p.email){};
      void Change_phone(string new_telephone) { telephone = new_telephone; }
      void Change_em(string new_eamil) { email = new_eamil; }
      friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, const Person &p);
      friend istream &operator>>(istream &in, Person &p);
      friend bool operator==(const Person &p1, const Person &p2);
  
  private:
      string name;
      string telephone;
      string email;
  };
  
  ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, const Person &p)
  {
      out << setiosflags(ios_base::left) << setw(20) << p.name << setw(20) << p.telephone << setw(20) << p.email << endl;
      return out;
  }
  
  istream &operator>>(istream &in, Person &p)
  {
      getline(in >> ws, p.name);
      getline(in, p.telephone);
      getline(in, p.email);
      return in;
  }
  
  bool operator==(const Person &p1, const Person &p2)
  {
      return p1.name == p2.name && p1.telephone == p2.telephone;
  }
  

  task2.cpp

  #include <iostream>
  #include <fstream>
  #include <vector>
  #include "Person.hpp"
  
  int main()
  {
      using namespace std;
  
      vector<Person> phone_book;
      Person p;
  
      while(cin>>p)
          phone_book.push_back(p);
      
      for(auto &i: phone_book)
          cout << i << endl;
      
      cout << boolalpha << (phone_book.at(0) == phone_book.at(1)) << endl;
  
      ofstream fout;
  
      fout.open("phone_book.txt");
  
      if(!fout.is_open())
      {
          cerr << "fail to open file phone_book.txt\n";
          return 1;
      }
  
      for(auto &i: phone_book)
          fout << i << endl;
      
      fout.close();
  }
  

• 运行结果截图（包括屏幕截图，和，数据文件）（换一组测试数据截图）

  

  

• 回答问题

  这个任务中，插入运算符<<被重载为友元函数。

  ① 在测试代码中，cout << i，编译器会将这个表达式转换成什么样的函数调用？写出具体的函 数调用形式。

  osteam &operator<<(ostream &cout, const Person &i)

  ostream &operator<<(ostream &cout , const Person &i)
  {
   　　cout <<setiosflags(ios_base::left) << setw(20) << i.name << setw(20) << i.telephone << setw(20) << i.email;
   　　return cout;
  }
  

  ② 在测试代码中，fout << i，编译器会将这个表达式转换成什么样的函数调用？写出具体的函 数调用形式。

  osteam &operator<<(ostream &fout, const Person &i)

  ostream &operator<<(ostream &fout , const Person &i)
  {
   　　fout <<setiosflags(ios_base::left) << setw(20) << i.name << setw(20) << i.telephone << setw(20) << i.email;
   　　return fout;
  }
  

3.实验任务3

• 补足后的源码，及运行测试截图。

  源码：

  container.h

  //=======================
  //		container.h
  //=======================
  
  // The so-called inventory of a player in RPG games
  // contains two items, heal and magic water
  
  #ifndef _CONTAINER // 1_?????????????		// Conditional compilation
  #define _CONTAINER
  
  class container // Inventory
  {
  protected:
  	int numOfHeal; // number of heal
  	int numOfMW;   // number of magic water
  public:
  	container();					// constuctor
  	void set(int heal_n, int mw_n); // set the items numbers
  	int nOfHeal();					// get the number of heal
  	int nOfMW();					// get the number of magic water
  	void display();					// display the items;
  	bool useHeal();					// use heal
  	bool useMW();					// use magic water
  };
  
  #endif
  

  container.cpp

  //=======================
  //		container.cpp
  //=======================
  
  #include <iostream>
  #include "container.h"
  using namespace std;
  // default constructor initialise the inventory as empty
  container::container()
  {
  	set(0, 0);
  }
  
  // set the item numbers
  void container::set(int heal_n, int mw_n)
  {
  	numOfHeal = heal_n;
  	numOfMW = mw_n;
  }
  
  // get the number of heal
  int container::nOfHeal()
  {
  	return numOfHeal;
  }
  
  // get the number of magic water
  int container::nOfMW()
  {
  	return numOfMW;
  }
  
  // display the items;
  void container::display()
  {
  	cout << "Your bag contains: " << endl;
  	cout << "Heal(HP+100): " << numOfHeal << endl;
  	cout << "Magic Water (MP+80): " << numOfMW << endl;
  }
  
  // use heal
  bool container::useHeal()
  {
  	numOfHeal--; // 2_????????
  	return 1;  // use heal successfully
  }
  
  // use magic water
  bool container::useMW()
  {
  	numOfMW--;
  	return 1; // use magic water successfully
  }
  

  player.h

  //=======================
  //		player.h
  //=======================
  
  // The base class of player
  // including the general properties and methods related to a character
  
  #ifndef _PLAYER
  #define _PLAYER
  
  #include <iomanip>		// use for setting field width
  #include <time.h>		// use for generating random factor
  #include "container.h"
  
  enum job {sw, ar, mg};	/* define 3 jobs by enumerate type
  							   sword man, archer, mage */
  class player
  {
  	friend void showinfo(player &p1, player &p2);
  	friend class swordsman;
  
  protected:
  	int HP, HPmax, MP, MPmax, AP, DP, speed, EXP, LV;
  	// General properties of all characters
  	string name;	// character name
  	job role;		/* character's job, one of swordman, archer and mage,
  					   as defined by the enumerate type */
  	container bag;	// character's inventory
  
  public:
  	virtual bool attack(player &p)=0;	// normal attack
  	virtual bool specialatt(player &p)=0;	//special attack
  	virtual void isLevelUp()=0;			// level up judgement
  	/* Attention!
  	These three methods are called "Pure virtual functions".
  	They have only declaration, but no definition.
  	The class with pure virtual functions are called "Abstract class", which can only be used to inherited, but not to constructor objects. 
  	The detailed definition of these pure virtual functions will be given in subclasses. */
  
  	void reFill();		// character's HP and MP resume
  	bool death();		// report whether character is dead
  	void isDead();		// check whether character is dead
  	bool useHeal();		// consume heal, irrelevant to job
  	bool useMW();		// consume magic water, irrelevant to job
  	void transfer(player &p);	// possess opponent's items after victory
  	void showRole();	// display character's job
  	
  private:
  	bool playerdeath;			// whether character is dead, doesn't need to be accessed or inherited
  };
  
  #endif
  

  player.cpp

  //=======================
  //		player.cpp
  //=======================
  
  #include <iostream>
  #include "player.h"
  using namespace std;
  // character's HP and MP resume
  void player::reFill()
  {
  	HP = HPmax; // HP and MP fully recovered
  	MP = MPmax;
  }
  
  // report whether character is dead
  bool player::death()
  {
  	return playerdeath;
  }
  
  // check whether character is dead
  void player::isDead()
  {
  	if (HP <= 0) // HP less than 0, character is dead
  	{
  		cout << name << " is Dead." << endl;
  		system("pause");
  		playerdeath = 1; // give the label of death value 1
  	}
  }
  
  // consume heal, irrelevant to job
  bool player::useHeal()
  {
  	if (bag.nOfHeal() > 0)
  	{
  		HP = HP + 100;
  		if (HP > HPmax) // HP cannot be larger than maximum value
  			HP = HPmax; // so assign it to HPmax, if necessary
  		cout << name << " used Heal, HP increased by 100." << endl;
  		bag.useHeal(); // use heal
  		system("pause");
  		return 1; // usage of heal succeed
  	}
  	else // If no more heal in bag, cannot use
  	{
  		cout << "Sorry, you don't have heal to use." << endl;
  		system("pause");
  		return 0; // usage of heal failed
  	}
  }
  
  // consume magic water, irrelevant to job
  bool player::useMW()
  {
  	if (bag.nOfMW() > 0)
  	{
  		MP = MP + 100;
  		if (MP > MPmax)
  			MP = MPmax;
  		cout << name << " used Magic Water, MP increased by 100." << endl;
  		bag.useMW();
  		system("pause");
  		return 1; // usage of magic water succeed
  	}
  	else
  	{
  		cout << "Sorry, you don't have magic water to use." << endl;
  		system("pause");
  		return 0; // usage of magic water failed
  	}
  }
  
  // possess opponent's items after victory
  void player::transfer(player &p)
  {
  	cout << name << " got" << p.bag.nOfHeal() << " Heal, and " << p.bag.nOfMW() << " Magic Water." << endl;
  	system("pause");
  	bag.set(p.bag.nOfHeal() + bag.nOfHeal(), p.bag.nOfMW() + bag.nOfMW()); // 3_ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
  																		   // set the character's bag, get opponent's items
  }
  
  // display character's job
  void player::showRole()
  {
  	switch (role)
  	{
  	case sw:
  		cout << "Swordsman";
  		break;
  	case ar:
  		cout << "Archer";
  		break;
  	case mg:
  		cout << "Mage";
  		break;
  	default:
  		break;
  	}
  }
  
  // display character's job
  void showinfo(player &p1, player &p2) // 4_ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
  {
  	system("cls");
  	cout << "##############################################################" << endl;
  	cout << "# Player" << setw(10) << p1.name << "   LV. " << setw(3) << p1.LV
  		 << "  # Opponent" << setw(10) << p2.name << "   LV. " << setw(3) << p2.LV << " #" << endl;
  	cout << "# HP " << setw(3) << (p1.HP <= 999 ? p1.HP : 999) << '/' << setw(3) << (p1.HPmax <= 999 ? p1.HPmax : 999)
  		 << " | MP " << setw(3) << (p1.MP <= 999 ? p1.MP : 999) << '/' << setw(3) << (p1.MPmax <= 999 ? p1.MPmax : 999)
  		 << "     # HP " << setw(3) << (p2.HP <= 999 ? p2.HP : 999) << '/' << setw(3) << (p2.HPmax <= 999 ? p2.HPmax : 999)
  		 << " | MP " << setw(3) << (p2.MP <= 999 ? p2.MP : 999) << '/' << setw(3) << (p2.MPmax <= 999 ? p2.MPmax : 999) << "      #" << endl;
  	cout << "# AP " << setw(3) << (p1.AP <= 999 ? p1.AP : 999)
  		 << " | DP " << setw(3) << (p1.DP <= 999 ? p1.DP : 999)
  		 << " | speed " << setw(3) << (p1.speed <= 999 ? p1.speed : 999)
  		 << " # AP " << setw(3) << (p2.AP <= 999 ? p2.AP : 999)
  		 << " | DP " << setw(3) << (p2.DP <= 999 ? p2.DP : 999)
  		 << " | speed " << setw(3) << (p2.speed <= 999 ? p2.speed : 999) << "  #" << endl;
  	cout << "# EXP" << setw(7) << p1.EXP << " Job: " << setw(7);
  	p1.showRole();
  	cout << "   # EXP" << setw(7) << p2.EXP << " Job: " << setw(7);
  	p2.showRole();
  	cout << "    #" << endl;
  	cout << "--------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;
  	p1.bag.display();
  	cout << "##############################################################" << endl;
  }
  

  swordsman.h

  //=======================
  //		swordsman.h
  //=======================
  
  // Derived from base class player
  // For the job Swordsman
  
  #include "player.h"
  class swordsman : public player // 5_?????????		// subclass swordsman publicly inherited from base player
  {
  public:
  	swordsman(int lv_in = 1, string name_in = "Not Given");
  	// constructor with default level of 1 and name of "Not given"
  	void isLevelUp();
  	bool attack(player &p);
  	bool specialatt(player &p);
  	/* These three are derived from the pure virtual functions of base class
  	   The definition of them will be given in this subclass. */
  	void AI(player &p); // Computer opponent
  };
  

  swordsman.cpp

  //=======================
  //		swordsman.cpp
  //=======================
  
  // constructor. default values don't need to be repeated here
  swordsman::swordsman(int lv_in, string name_in)
  {
  	role = sw; // enumerate type of job
  	LV = lv_in;
  	name = name_in;
  
  	// Initialising the character's properties, based on his level
  	HPmax = 150 + 8 * (LV - 1); // HP increases 8 point2 per level
  	HP = HPmax;
  	MPmax = 75 + 2 * (LV - 1); // MP increases 2 points per level
  	MP = MPmax;
  	AP = 25 + 4 * (LV - 1);	   // AP increases 4 points per level
  	DP = 25 + 4 * (LV - 1);	   // DP increases 4 points per level
  	speed = 25 + 2 * (LV - 1); // speed increases 2 points per level
  
  	playerdeath = 0;
  	EXP = LV * LV * 75;
  	bag.set(lv_in, lv_in);
  }
  
  void swordsman::isLevelUp()
  {
  	if (EXP >= LV * LV * 75)
  	{
  		LV++;
  		AP += 4;
  		DP += 4;
  		HPmax += 8;
  		MPmax += 2;
  		speed += 2;
  		cout << name << " Level UP!" << endl;
  		cout << "HP improved 8 points to " << HPmax << endl;
  		cout << "MP improved 2 points to " << MPmax << endl;
  		cout << "Speed improved 2 points to " << speed << endl;
  		cout << "AP improved 4 points to " << AP << endl;
  		cout << "DP improved 5 points to " << DP << endl;
  		system("pause");
  		isLevelUp(); // recursively call this function, so the character can level up multiple times if got enough exp
  	}
  }
  
  bool swordsman::attack(player &p)
  {
  	double HPtemp = 0;			 // opponent's HP decrement
  	double EXPtemp = 0;			 // player obtained exp
  	double hit = 1;				 // attach factor, probably give critical attack
  	srand((unsigned)time(NULL)); // generating random seed based on system time
  
  	// If speed greater than opponent, you have some possibility to do double attack
  	if ((speed > p.speed) && (rand() % 100 < (speed - p.speed))) // rand()%100 means generates a number no greater than 100
  	{
  		HPtemp = (int)((1.0 * AP / p.DP) * AP * 5 / (rand() % 4 + 10)); // opponent's HP decrement calculated based their AP/DP, and uncertain chance
  		cout << name << "'s quick strike hit " << p.name << ", " << p.name << "'s HP decreased " << HPtemp << endl;
  		p.HP = int(p.HP - HPtemp);
  		EXPtemp = (int)(HPtemp * 1.2);
  	}
  
  	// If speed smaller than opponent, the opponent has possibility to evade
  	if ((speed < p.speed) && (rand() % 50 < 1))
  	{
  		cout << name << "'s attack has been evaded by " << p.name << endl;
  		system("pause");
  		return 1;
  	}
  
  	// 10% chance give critical attack
  	if (rand() % 100 <= 10)
  	{
  		hit = 1.5;
  		cout << "Critical attack: ";
  	}
  
  	// Normal attack
  	HPtemp = (int)((1.0 * AP / p.DP) * AP * 5 / (rand() % 4 + 10));
  	cout << name << " uses bash, " << p.name << "'s HP decreases " << HPtemp << endl;
  	EXPtemp = (int)(EXPtemp + HPtemp * 1.2);
  	p.HP = (int)(p.HP - HPtemp);
  	cout << name << " obtained " << EXPtemp << " experience." << endl;
  	EXP = (int)(EXP + EXPtemp);
  	system("pause");
  	return 1; // Attack success
  }
  
  bool swordsman::specialatt(player &p)
  {
  	if (MP < 40)
  	{
  		cout << "You don't have enough magic points!" << endl;
  		system("pause");
  		return 0; // Attack failed
  	}
  	else
  	{
  		MP -= 40; // consume 40 MP to do special attack
  
  		// 10% chance opponent evades
  		if (rand() % 100 <= 10)
  		{
  			cout << name << "'s leap attack has been evaded by " << p.name << endl;
  			system("pause");
  			return 1;
  		}
  
  		double HPtemp = 0;
  		double EXPtemp = 0;
  		// double hit=1;
  		// srand(time(NULL));
  		HPtemp = (int)(AP * 1.2 + 20); // not related to opponent's DP
  		EXPtemp = (int)(HPtemp * 1.5); // special attack provides more experience
  		cout << name << " uses leap attack, " << p.name << "'s HP decreases " << HPtemp << endl;
  		cout << name << " obtained " << EXPtemp << " experience." << endl;
  		p.HP = (int)(p.HP - HPtemp);
  		EXP = (int)(EXP + EXPtemp);
  		system("pause");
  	}
  	return 1; // special attack succeed
  }
  
  // Computer opponent
  void swordsman::AI(player &p)
  {
  	if ((HP < (int)((1.0 * p.AP / DP) * p.AP * 1.5)) && (HP + 100 <= 1.1 * HPmax) && (bag.nOfHeal() > 0) && (HP > (int)((1.0 * p.AP / DP) * p.AP * 0.5)))
  	// AI's HP cannot sustain 3 rounds && not too lavish && still has heal && won't be killed in next round
  	{
  		useHeal();
  	}
  	else
  	{
  		if (MP >= 40 && HP > 0.5 * HPmax && rand() % 100 <= 30)
  		// AI has enough MP, it has 30% to make special attack
  		{
  			specialatt(p);
  			p.isDead(); // check whether player is dead
  		}
  		else
  		{
  			if (MP < 40 && HP > 0.5 * HPmax && bag.nOfMW())
  			// Not enough MP && HP is safe && still has magic water
  			{
  				useMW();
  			}
  			else
  			{
  				attack(p); // normal attack
  				p.isDead();
  			}
  		}
  	}
  }
  

  main.cpp

  //=======================
  //		main.cpp
  //=======================
  
  // main function for the RPG style game
  
  #include <iostream>
  #include <string>
  using namespace std;
  
  #include "swordsman.h"
  
  int main()
  {
  	string tempName;
  	bool success = 0; // flag for storing whether operation is successful
  	cout << "Please input player's name: ";
  	cin >> tempName; // get player's name from keyboard input
  	player *human;	 // use pointer of base class, convenience for polymorphism
  	int tempJob;	 // temp choice for job selection
  	do
  	{
  		cout << "Please choose a job: 1 Swordsman, 2 Archer, 3 Mage" << endl;
  		cin >> tempJob;
  		system("cls"); // clear the screen
  		switch (tempJob)
  		{
  		case 1:
  			human = new swordsman(1, tempName); // create the character with user inputted name and job
  			success = 1;						// operation succeed
  			break;
  		default:
  			break; // In this case, success=0, character creation failed
  		}
  	} while (success != 1); // so the loop will ask user to re-create a character
  
  	int tempCom;					  // temp command inputted by user
  	int nOpp = 0;					  // the Nth opponent
  	for (int i = 1; nOpp < 5; i += 2) // i is opponent's level
  	{
  		nOpp++;
  		system("cls");
  		cout << "STAGE" << nOpp << endl;
  		cout << "Your opponent, a Level " << i << " Swordsman." << endl;
  		system("pause");
  		swordsman enemy(i, "Warrior"); // Initialise an opponent, level i, name "Junior"
  		human->reFill();			   // get HP/MP refill before start fight
  
  		while (!human->death() && !enemy.death()) // no died
  		{
  			success = 0;
  			while (success != 1)
  			{
  				showinfo(*human, enemy); // show fighter's information
  				cout << "Please give command: " << endl;
  				cout << "1 Attack; 2 Special Attack; 3 Use Heal; 4 Use Magic Water; 0 Exit Game" << endl;
  				cin >> tempCom;
  				switch (tempCom)
  				{
  				case 0:
  					cout << "Are you sure to exit? Y/N" << endl;
  					char temp;
  					cin >> temp;
  					if (temp == 'Y' || temp == 'y')
  						return 0;
  					else
  						break;
  				case 1:
  					success = human->attack(enemy);
  					human->isLevelUp();
  					enemy.isDead();
  					break;
  				case 2:
  					success = human->specialatt(enemy);
  					human->isLevelUp();
  					enemy.isDead();
  					break;
  				case 3:
  					success = human->useHeal();
  					break;
  				case 4:
  					success = human->useMW();
  					break;
  				default:
  					break;
  				}
  			}
  			if (!enemy.death()) // If AI still alive
  				enemy.AI(*human);
  			else // AI died
  			{
  				cout << "YOU WIN" << endl;
  				human->transfer(enemy); // player got all AI's items
  			}
  			if (human->death())
  			{
  				system("cls");
  				cout << endl
  					 << setw(50) << "GAME OVER" << endl;
  				delete human; // 6_???????????		// player is dead, program is getting to its end, what should we do here?
  				system("pause");
  				return 0;
  			}
  		}
  	}
  	delete human; // 7_ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? // You win, program is getting to its end, what should we do here?
  	system("cls");
  	cout << "Congratulations! You defeated all opponents!!" << endl;
  	system("pause");
  	return 0;
  }
  

  截图：

  

  

  

  

五、实验总结（选）