这是我第一次使用salted密码实现成员站点的试验,这些密码都存储在DB(MySQL)中.除了“登录会员”页面中的错误外,一切正常.

错误：
会员登录页面接受会员网站的任何条目,并且由于某种原因通过我的支票$result === false

这是检查成员是否存在的代码,请让我知道问题所在：

$servername = 'localhost';
$username = 'root';
$pwd = '';
$dbname = 'lp001';

$connect = new mysqli($servername,$username,$pwd,$dbname);

if ($connect->connect_error){
    die('connection failed, reason: '.$connect->connect_error);
}


$name = mysqli_real_escape_string($connect, $_POST['name']);
$password = mysqli_real_escape_string($connect, $_POST['password']);
$saltQuery = "SELECT salt FROM users WHERE name = '$name';";
$result = mysqli_query($connect, $saltQuery);
if ($result === false){
    die(mysqli_error());
}
$row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result);
$salt = $row['salt'];

$saltedPW = $password.$salt;
$hashedPW = hash('sha256', $saltedPW);
$sqlQuery = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = '$name' AND password = '$hashedPW'";

if (mysqli_query($connect, $sqlQuery)){
    echo '<h1>Welcome to the member site '.$name.'</h1>';
}else{
    echo 'error adding the query: '.$sql_q.'<br> Reason: '.mysqli_error($connect);
}

解决方法:

开发人员通常很难验证登录密码,因为他们不确定如何处理存储的密码哈希.他们知道密码应该使用适当的函数(如password_hash())进行哈希处理,并将它们存储在varchar(255)字段中：

// Hash a new password for storing in the database.
// The function automatically generates a cryptographically safe salt.
$hashToStoreInDb = password_hash($password, PASSWORD_DEFAULT);

在登录表单中,我们无法直接使用SQL验证密码,也无法搜索密码,因为存储的哈希值已被加密.相反,我们……

>必须从数据库中读取密码哈希,按用户ID搜索
>然后可以使用password_verify()函数检查找到的哈希的登录密码.

您可以在下面找到一些示例代码,展示如何使用mysqli连接进行密码验证.代码没有错误检查以使其可读：

/**
 * mysqli example for a login with a stored password-hash
 */
$mysqli = new mysqli($dbHost, $dbUser, $dbPassword, $dbName);
$mysqli->set_charset('utf8');

// Find the stored password hash in the db, searching by username
$sql = 'SELECT password FROM users WHERE username = ?';
$stmt = $mysqli->prepare($sql);
$stmt->bind_param('s', $_POST['username']); // it is safe to pass the user input unescaped
$stmt->execute();

// If this user exists, fetch the password-hash and check it
$isPasswordCorrect = false;
$stmt->bind_result($hashFromDb);
if ($stmt->fetch() === true)
{
  // Check whether the entered password matches the stored hash.
  // The salt and the cost factor will be extracted from $hashFromDb.
  $isPasswordCorrect = password_verify($_POST['password'], $hashFromDb);
}

请注意,该示例使用预准备语句来避免SQL注入,在这种情况下不需要转义.从pdo连接读取的等效示例可能如下所示：

/**
 * pdo example for a login with a stored password-hash
 */
$dsn = "mysql:host=$dbHost;dbname=$dbName;charset=utf8";
$pdo = new PDO($dsn, $dbUser, $dbPassword);

// Find the stored password hash in the db, searching by username
$sql = 'SELECT password FROM users WHERE username = ?';
$stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
$stmt->bindValue(1, $_POST['username'], PDO::PARAM_STR); // it is safe to pass the user input unescaped
$stmt->execute();

// If this user exists, fetch the password hash and check it
$isPasswordCorrect = false;
if (($row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)) !== false)
{
  $hashFromDb = $row['password'];

  // Check whether the entered password matches the stored hash.
  // The salt and the cost factor will be extracted from $hashFromDb.
  $isPasswordCorrect = password_verify($_POST['password'], $hashFromDb);
}