1.什么是TCP粘包与拆包
首先TCP是一个"流"协议，犹如河中水一样连成一片，没有严格的分界线。当我们在发送数据的时候就会出现多发送与少发送问题，也就是TCP粘包与拆包。得不到我们想要的效果。
所谓粘包：当你把A，B两个数据从甲发送到乙，本想A与B单独发送，但是你却把AB一起发送了，此时AB粘在一起，就是粘包了
所谓拆包: 如果发送数据的时候，你把A、B拆成了几份发，就是拆包了。当然数据不是你主动拆的，是TCP流自动拆的
2.TCP粘包与拆包产生原因
1.进行了MSS大小的TCP分段
2.以太网帧的plyload大与MTU进行了IP分片
3.应用程序write写入的字节大小大于套接口发送的缓冲区大小
3.解决方法
1.消息定长，比如把报文消息固定为500字节，不够用空格补位
2.在包尾增加回车换行符进行分割，例如FTP协议
3.将消息分为消息头和消息体，消息头中包含表示消息总长度的字段
4.更复杂的应用层协议
4.netty 普通解决方法
这个是服务端代码
1 package com.ming.netty.nio;
2
3 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
4
5 import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
6 import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
7 import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
8 import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
9 import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
10 import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
11 import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
12 import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
13 import io.netty.handler.codec.LineBasedFrameDecoder;
14 import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
15
16 public class TimeServer {
17
18
19 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
20 new TimeServer().bind("192.168.1.102", 8400);
21 }
22
23
24 public void bind(String addr,int port) {
25 //配置服务端的nio线程组
26 EventLoopGroup boosGroup=new NioEventLoopGroup();
27 EventLoopGroup workerGroup=new NioEventLoopGroup();
28 try {
29 ServerBootstrap b=new ServerBootstrap();
30 b.group(boosGroup,workerGroup);
31 b.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class).option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG,1024)
32 .childHandler(new ChildChannelHandler());
33 //绑定端口，同步等待成功
34 ChannelFuture f=b.bind(new InetSocketAddress(addr, port)).sync();
35 System.out.println("启动服务器:"+f.channel().localAddress());
36 //等等服务器端监听端口关闭
37 f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
38 } catch (Exception e) {
39 // TODO: handle exception
40 }finally{
41 boosGroup.shutdownGracefully();
42 workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
43 }
44 }
45
46 private class ChildChannelHandler extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>{
47
48 @Override
49 protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
50 System.out.println(ch.remoteAddress());
51 ch.pipeline().addLast(new LineBasedFrameDecoder(1024));
52 ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());//增加解码器
53 ch.pipeline().addLast(new TimeServerHandler());
54
55 }
56
57 }
58
59
60 }
61 package com.ming.netty.nio;
62
63 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
64 import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
65 import java.util.Date;
66
67 import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
68 import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
69 import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
70 import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
71
72 public class TimeServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {
73
74 private int counter;
75
76 @Override
77 public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
78 String body=(String)msg;
79 System.out.println("服务端收到："+body+"，次数:"+ ++counter);
80 SimpleDateFormat dateFormat=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
81 String time=dateFormat.format(new Date());
82 String res="来自与服务端的回应,时间:"+ time;
83 ByteBuf resp=Unpooled.copiedBuffer(res.getBytes());
84 ctx.writeAndFlush(resp);
85
86 }
87
88
89
90 @Override
91 public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
92 ctx.close();
93 }
94
95
96
97
98 }
这个是客服端的代码
1 package com.ming.netty.nio;
2
3 import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
4 import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
5 import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
6 import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
7 import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
8 import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
9 import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
10 import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
11 import io.netty.handler.codec.LineBasedFrameDecoder;
12 import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
13
14 /**
15 * netty 客户端模拟
16 * @author mingge
17 *
18 */
19 public class TimeClient {
20
21
22 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
23 new TimeClient().connect("192.168.1.102", 8400);
24 }
25
26 public void connect(String addr,int port) throws Exception{
27 EventLoopGroup group=new NioEventLoopGroup();
28 try {
29 Bootstrap b=new Bootstrap();
30 b.group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
31 .option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
32 .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
33 public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception{
34 ch.pipeline().addLast(new LineBasedFrameDecoder(1024));
35 ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
36 ch.pipeline().addLast(new TimeClientHandler());
37 }
38 });
39 ChannelFuture f=b.connect(addr,port).sync();
40 System.out.println("连接服务器:"+f.channel().remoteAddress()+",本地地址:"+f.channel().localAddress());
41 f.channel().closeFuture().sync();//等待客户端关闭连接
42 } catch (Exception e) {
43 e.printStackTrace();
44 }finally{
45
46 group.shutdownGracefully();
47 }
48 }
49 }
50 package com.ming.netty.nio;
51
52 import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
53 import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
54 import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
55 import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
56
57 public class TimeClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {
58
59 private int counter;
60
61 byte[] req;
62
63 public TimeClientHandler() {
64 req=("我是请求数据哦"+System.getProperty("line.separator")).getBytes();
65 }
66
67 @Override
68 public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
69 ByteBuf message=null;
70 for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
71 message=Unpooled.buffer(req.length);
72 message.writeBytes(req);
73 ctx.writeAndFlush(message);
74 }
75
76 }
77
78 @Override
79 public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
80 ByteBuf buf=(ByteBuf)msg;
81 byte[] req=new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
82 buf.readBytes(req);
83 String body=new String(req,"GBK");
84 System.out.println("body:"+body+",响应次数:"+(++counter));
85 }
86
87 @Override
88 public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
89 //释放资源
90 ctx.close();
91 }
92
93
94 }
这次代码就是比上次的代码多了：LineBasedFrameDecoder,与StringDecoder的写法.
LineBasedFrameDecoder的原理是它依次遍历ByteBuf中的可读字节，判断是否有"\n"或"\r\n",如果有就以此为结束。它是以换行符为结束标志的解码器
StringDecoder的原理就是将接收到的对象转换为字符串，然后接着调用后面的handler。
LineBasedFrameDecoder+StringDecoder组合就是设计按行切换的文本解码器，被设计来支持TCP的粘包与拆包