RabbitMQ 延时消息队列

2022-08-23 23:07:40

一、简述

二、示例demo

单个延迟队列
多个延迟队列

一、简述

延时消息在日常随处可见：

1、订单创建10min之后不发起支付，自动取消。

2、30min定时推送一次邮件信息。

最常用到方式为定时任务轮训，数据量小的时候使用没什么问题而当有千万甚至上亿的数据量时就会出现数据读取的瓶颈，此时全表扫面进行处理一定是下下策。但是也有比较讨巧的方式，分享公司内部订单拆分的例子：

由于线上每天订单量50万+的增长量，单表早已无法吃撑这个增长的速度。采取的方式为订单归档：线上热数据保留2-3天的数据，其余都归档进入历史订单表中，这样热数据在200万以内。
订单超过10min不支付即取消的功能，可以采取简单的扫表形式而不会出现数据读取性能的问题。

这样的方式很简单，但需要跟业务进行沟通妥协，本文会讲另一种方式即RabbitMQ延迟队列。RabbitMQ实际并没有直接实现延时队列，但可利用RabbitMQ提供的属性来模拟延时队列，甚至已经有的配套的插件rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange 下面先介绍使用到的RabbitMQ的属性。

1、消息的Time To Live (TTL)

x-message-ttl：消息过期时间，超过过期时间之后即变为死信（Dead-letter）不会再被消费者消费。

设置消息TTL有两种方式：

创建队列时指定x-message-ttl，此时队列所有的消息具有统一过期时间。
发送消息为每个消息设置 expiration，此时消息之间过期时间不同。

如果两者都设置，过期时间取两者最小。如果设置TTL为0即表示除非立马能发送到队列，否则直接丢弃该消息。利用TTL为0的特性再结合死信转发器可以替代RabbitMQ 3.0的immediate参数。

2、队列的TTL

x-expires: RabbitMQ会确保时间达到后将队列删除，但是并不保障这个动作有多及时。队列过期代表着处于未使用状态，即

队列无任何消费者
队列没有被重新声明
队列在过期未调用Basic.Get命令获取消息

3、x-dead-letter-exchange（RabbitMQ文档）：死信转发器（转发器类型）当消息达到过期时间未被消费则会由该exchange按照配置的x-dead-letter-routing-key转发到指定队列，最后被消费者消费，如果未配置x-dead-letter-routing-key则会按照原队列的key进行转发。

4、队列的消息在以下几种情况会变成死信（Dead-letter）

设置的x-message-ttl或者expiration到期，即消息过期
消息被消费者拒绝(调用Basic.Reject / Basic.Nack)且 requeue参数设置为false
队列达到最大长度

二、示例demo

单个延迟队列

RabbitMQ延时队列逻辑：

1、exchange_delay_begin：缓冲队列exchange交换器，用于将消息转发至缓存消息队列 queue_delay_begin 。

2、exchange_delay_done：死信（dead-letter）队列exchange交换器，用于将队列 queue_delay_begin 转发到死信队列。

3、queue_delay_begin：缓冲消息队列，等待消息过期。

4、queue_delay_done：死信消息队列，消费者能够真正消费信息。

spring-rabbitmq.xml ：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

       xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

       xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"

       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd

                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd

                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx

                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd

                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop

                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd

                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.1.xsd

                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.6.xsd">

    <!--配置connection-factory，指定连接rabbit server参数 -->

    <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory"  username="guest" password="guest" host="127.0.0.1" port="5672" publisher-confirms="true"/>

    <!-- 延时队列 -->

    <rabbit:direct-exchange id="exchange_delay_begin" name="exchange_delay_begin"  durable="false" auto-delete="false" >

        <rabbit:bindings>
<rabbit:binding queue="queue_delay_begin" key="delay" />

        </rabbit:bindings>

    </rabbit:direct-exchange>

    <rabbit:queue name="queue_delay_begin" durable="false">

        <rabbit:queue-arguments>

            <!--  队列过期时间 -->
<entry key="x-message-ttl" value="30000" value-type="java.lang.Long" />

            <entry key="x-dead-letter-exchange" value="exchange_delay_done" />

            <entry key="x-dead-letter-routing-key" value="delay" />

        </rabbit:queue-arguments>

    </rabbit:queue>

    <rabbit:direct-exchange id="exchange_delay_done" name="exchange_delay_done"  durable="false" auto-delete="false" >

        <rabbit:bindings>
<rabbit:binding queue="queue_delay_done" key="delay" />

            <!--  binding key 相同为 【delay】exchange转发消息到多个队列 -->

            <!--<rabbit:binding queue="queue_delay_done_two" key="delay" />-->

        </rabbit:bindings>

    </rabbit:direct-exchange>

    <rabbit:queue name="queue_delay_done" durable="false"/>

    <rabbit:template id="delayMsgTwoTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory" />

    <bean id="messageConsumer" class="com.nancy.rabbitmq.demo.MessageConsumer"></bean>

    <!-- 消息接收者 -->

    <rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory" channel-transacted="false" >

        <rabbit:listener queues="queue_delay_done" ref="messageConsumer" />

    </rabbit:listener-container>

</beans>

DelayMessageProducer.java

@Service

public class DelayMessageProducer {

    @Resource(name="delayMsgTwoTemplate")

    private AmqpTemplate delayMsgTwoTemplate;

    public void delayMsgTwo(String exchange, String routingKey, Object msg) {

        delayMsgTwoTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routingKey, msg, new MessagePostProcessor() {

            @Override

            public Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException {

                message.getMessageProperties().setExpiration(String.valueOf(10000));
return message;

            }

        });

    }

}

MessageConsumer.java

public class MessageConsumer implements MessageListener {

    @Override

    public void onMessage(Message message) {

        System.out.println("consumer receive message 22------->:{}"+ message);

    }

}

application.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">

    <import resource="spring-rabbitmq.xml" />

    <!-- 扫描指定package注释的注册为Spring Beans -->

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.nancy.rabbitmq" />

    <!-- 激活annotation功能 -->

    <context:annotation-config />

    <!-- 激活annotation功能 -->

    <context:spring-configured />

</beans>

DelayQueueTest.java

public class DelayQueueTest {

    private ApplicationContext context = null;

    @org.junit.Before

    public void setUp() throws Exception {

        context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("rabbitmq/application.xml");

    }

    @Test

    public void delayQueueTest() throws Exception {

        DelayMessageProducer messageProducer = context.getBean(DelayMessageProducer.class);

        int a = 10;

        while (a > 0) {

            System.out.println("send "+ a);

            messageProducer.delayMsgTwo("exchange_delay_begin","delay", "hello world delay2 :" + a--);

            try {

                Thread.sleep(10);

            } catch (InterruptedException e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

            }

        }

        System.out.println("sended ");

        Thread.sleep(1000*60);

    }

}

运行结果：发送消息 10s之后，消费监听到消息消费。

send 10

send 9

send 8

send 7

send 6

send 5

send 4

send 3

send 2

send 1

sended

consumer receive message 22------->:{}(Body:'hello world delay2 :10' MessageProperties [headers={x-first-death-exchange=exchange_delay_begin, x-death=[{reason=expired, original-expiration=10000, count=1, exchange=exchange_delay_begin, time=Sun Jul 01 18:33:19 CST 2018, routing-keys=[delay], queue=queue_delay_begin}], x-first-death-reason=expired, x-first-death-queue=queue_delay_begin}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, receivedUserId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, correlationIdString=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=null, receivedDeliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=exchange_delay_done, receivedRoutingKey=delay, receivedDelay=1000, deliveryTag=1, messageCount=0, consumerTag=amq.ctag-oOJzeYHEJYrLFL4HbHWZcA, consumerQueue=queue_delay_done])

consumer receive message 22------->:{}(Body:'hello world delay2 :9' MessageProperties [headers={x-first-death-exchange=exchange_delay_begin, x-death=[{reason=expired, original-expiration=10000, count=1, exchange=exchange_delay_begin, time=Sun Jul 01 18:33:19 CST 2018, routing-keys=[delay], queue=queue_delay_begin}], x-first-death-reason=expired, x-first-death-queue=queue_delay_begin}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, receivedUserId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, correlationIdString=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=null, receivedDeliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=exchange_delay_done, receivedRoutingKey=delay, receivedDelay=1000, deliveryTag=2, messageCount=0, consumerTag=amq.ctag-oOJzeYHEJYrLFL4HbHWZcA, consumerQueue=queue_delay_done])

consumer receive message 22------->:{}(Body:'hello world delay2 :8' MessageProperties [headers={x-first-death-exchange=exchange_delay_begin, x-death=[{reason=expired, original-expiration=10000, count=1, exchange=exchange_delay_begin, time=Sun Jul 01 18:33:19 CST 2018, routing-keys=[delay], queue=queue_delay_begin}], x-first-death-reason=expired, x-first-death-queue=queue_delay_begin}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, receivedUserId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, correlationIdString=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=null, receivedDeliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=exchange_delay_done, receivedRoutingKey=delay, receivedDelay=1000, deliveryTag=3, messageCount=0, consumerTag=amq.ctag-oOJzeYHEJYrLFL4HbHWZcA, consumerQueue=queue_delay_done])

consumer receive message 22------->:{}(Body:'hello world delay2 :7' MessageProperties [headers={x-first-death-exchange=exchange_delay_begin, x-death=[{reason=expired, original-expiration=10000, count=1, exchange=exchange_delay_begin, time=Sun Jul 01 18:33:19 CST 2018, routing-keys=[delay], queue=queue_delay_begin}], x-first-death-reason=expired, x-first-death-queue=queue_delay_begin}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, receivedUserId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, correlationIdString=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=null, receivedDeliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=exchange_delay_done, receivedRoutingKey=delay, receivedDelay=1000, deliveryTag=4, messageCount=0, consumerTag=amq.ctag-oOJzeYHEJYrLFL4HbHWZcA, consumerQueue=queue_delay_done])

consumer receive message 22------->:{}(Body:'hello world delay2 :6' MessageProperties [headers={x-first-death-exchange=exchange_delay_begin, x-death=[{reason=expired, original-expiration=10000, count=1, exchange=exchange_delay_begin, time=Sun Jul 01 18:33:19 CST 2018, routing-keys=[delay], queue=queue_delay_begin}], x-first-death-reason=expired, x-first-death-queue=queue_delay_begin}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, receivedUserId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, correlationIdString=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=null, receivedDeliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=exchange_delay_done, receivedRoutingKey=delay, receivedDelay=1000, deliveryTag=5, messageCount=0, consumerTag=amq.ctag-oOJzeYHEJYrLFL4HbHWZcA, consumerQueue=queue_delay_done])

consumer receive message 22------->:{}(Body:'hello world delay2 :5' MessageProperties [headers={x-first-death-exchange=exchange_delay_begin, x-death=[{reason=expired, original-expiration=10000, count=1, exchange=exchange_delay_begin, time=Sun Jul 01 18:33:19 CST 2018, routing-keys=[delay], queue=queue_delay_begin}], x-first-death-reason=expired, x-first-death-queue=queue_delay_begin}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, receivedUserId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, correlationIdString=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=null, receivedDeliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=exchange_delay_done, receivedRoutingKey=delay, receivedDelay=1000, deliveryTag=6, messageCount=0, consumerTag=amq.ctag-oOJzeYHEJYrLFL4HbHWZcA, consumerQueue=queue_delay_done])

consumer receive message 22------->:{}(Body:'hello world delay2 :4' MessageProperties [headers={x-first-death-exchange=exchange_delay_begin, x-death=[{reason=expired, original-expiration=10000, count=1, exchange=exchange_delay_begin, time=Sun Jul 01 18:33:19 CST 2018, routing-keys=[delay], queue=queue_delay_begin}], x-first-death-reason=expired, x-first-death-queue=queue_delay_begin}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, receivedUserId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, correlationIdString=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=null, receivedDeliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=exchange_delay_done, receivedRoutingKey=delay, receivedDelay=1000, deliveryTag=7, messageCount=0, consumerTag=amq.ctag-oOJzeYHEJYrLFL4HbHWZcA, consumerQueue=queue_delay_done])

consumer receive message 22------->:{}(Body:'hello world delay2 :3' MessageProperties [headers={x-first-death-exchange=exchange_delay_begin, x-death=[{reason=expired, original-expiration=10000, count=1, exchange=exchange_delay_begin, time=Sun Jul 01 18:33:19 CST 2018, routing-keys=[delay], queue=queue_delay_begin}], x-first-death-reason=expired, x-first-death-queue=queue_delay_begin}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, receivedUserId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, correlationIdString=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=null, receivedDeliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=exchange_delay_done, receivedRoutingKey=delay, receivedDelay=1000, deliveryTag=8, messageCount=0, consumerTag=amq.ctag-oOJzeYHEJYrLFL4HbHWZcA, consumerQueue=queue_delay_done])

consumer receive message 22------->:{}(Body:'hello world delay2 :2' MessageProperties [headers={x-first-death-exchange=exchange_delay_begin, x-death=[{reason=expired, original-expiration=10000, count=1, exchange=exchange_delay_begin, time=Sun Jul 01 18:33:19 CST 2018, routing-keys=[delay], queue=queue_delay_begin}], x-first-death-reason=expired, x-first-death-queue=queue_delay_begin}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, receivedUserId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, correlationIdString=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=null, receivedDeliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=exchange_delay_done, receivedRoutingKey=delay, receivedDelay=1000, deliveryTag=9, messageCount=0, consumerTag=amq.ctag-oOJzeYHEJYrLFL4HbHWZcA, consumerQueue=queue_delay_done])

consumer receive message 22------->:{}(Body:'hello world delay2 :1' MessageProperties [headers={x-first-death-exchange=exchange_delay_begin, x-death=[{reason=expired, original-expiration=10000, count=1, exchange=exchange_delay_begin, time=Sun Jul 01 18:33:19 CST 2018, routing-keys=[delay], queue=queue_delay_begin}], x-first-death-reason=expired, x-first-death-queue=queue_delay_begin}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, receivedUserId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, correlationIdString=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=null, receivedDeliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=exchange_delay_done, receivedRoutingKey=delay, receivedDelay=1000, deliveryTag=10, messageCount=0, consumerTag=amq.ctag-oOJzeYHEJYrLFL4HbHWZcA, consumerQueue=queue_delay_done])

多个延迟队列

实际的业务需求中会出现不同的时间延迟，此时可设置多个队列以达到不同的延迟效果。例如5个队列 common-queue_5s、common-queue_15s、common-queue_30s、common-queue_45s、common-queue_50s达到不同的延迟效果，整体的结构如下：

上述bindingKey的值有所简化，但对路由结构图无影响。这里使用一个死信转发器（转发器类型）通过绑定不同的key路由到不同的死信队列。也可以死信转发器和死信队列一对一绑定即成对出现(dlx_exchange_5s 和 dead-letter-queue_5s)

这里贴出部分xml部分配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.4.xsd">

    <rabbit:connection-factory

            id="connectionFactory"

            host="${rabbit.host}"

            port="${rabbit.port}"

            username="${rabbit.username}"

            password="${rabbit.password}"

            publisher-confirms="true"

    />

    <rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory" ignore-declaration-exceptions="true" />

    <!-- 正常队列 -->

    <!-- 5s过期 -->

    <rabbit:queue name="common-queue_5s">

        <rabbit:queue-arguments>

            <entry key="x-message-ttl" value="5000" value-type="java.lang.Long" />

            <entry key="x-dead-letter-exchange" value="dlx-exchange" />

            <entry key="x-dead-letter-routing-key" value="dead-letter-queue_5s" />

        </rabbit:queue-arguments>

    </rabbit:queue>

    <!-- 15s过期 -->

    <rabbit:queue name="common-queue_15s">

        <rabbit:queue-arguments>

            <entry key="x-message-ttl" value="15000" value-type="java.lang.Long" />

            <entry key="x-dead-letter-exchange" value="dlx-exchange" />

            <entry key="x-dead-letter-routing-key" value="dead-letter-queue_15s" />

        </rabbit:queue-arguments>

    </rabbit:queue>

    <!-- 30s过期 -->

    <rabbit:queue name="common-queue_30s">

        <rabbit:queue-arguments>

            <entry key="x-message-ttl" value="30000" value-type="java.lang.Long" />

            <entry key="x-dead-letter-exchange" value="dlx-exchange" />

            <entry key="x-dead-letter-routing-key" value="dead-letter-queue_30s" />

        </rabbit:queue-arguments>

    </rabbit:queue>

    <!-- 45s过期 -->

    <rabbit:queue name="common-queue_45s">

        <rabbit:queue-arguments>

            <entry key="x-message-ttl" value="45000" value-type="java.lang.Long" />

            <entry key="x-dead-letter-exchange" value="dlx-exchange" />

            <entry key="x-dead-letter-routing-key" value="dead-letter-queue_45s" />

        </rabbit:queue-arguments>

    </rabbit:queue>

    <!-- 50s过期 -->

    <rabbit:queue name="common-queue_50s">

        <rabbit:queue-arguments>

            <entry key="x-message-ttl" value="50000" value-type="java.lang.Long" />

            <entry key="x-dead-letter-exchange" value="dlx-exchange" />

            <entry key="x-dead-letter-routing-key" value="dead-letter-queue_50s" />

        </rabbit:queue-arguments>

    </rabbit:queue>

    <!-- 正常路由 -->

    <rabbit:direct-exchange name="common-exchange" durable="false" id="common-exchange">

        <rabbit:bindings>

            <rabbit:binding queue="common-queue_5s" />

            <rabbit:binding queue="common-queue_15s" />

            <rabbit:binding queue="common-queue_30s" />

            <rabbit:binding queue="common-queue_45s" />

            <rabbit:binding queue="common-queue_50s" />

        </rabbit:bindings>

    </rabbit:direct-exchange>

    <!-- 死信队列 -->

    <rabbit:queue name="dead-letter-queue_5s" />

    <rabbit:queue name="dead-letter-queue_15s" />

    <rabbit:queue name="dead-letter-queue_30s" />

    <rabbit:queue name="dead-letter-queue_45s" />

    <rabbit:queue name="dead-letter-queue_50s" />

    <rabbit:direct-exchange name="dlx-exchange" durable="false" id="dlx-exchange">

        <rabbit:bindings>

            <rabbit:binding queue="dead-letter-queue_5s" />

            <rabbit:binding queue="dead-letter-queue_15s" />

            <rabbit:binding queue="dead-letter-queue_30s" />

            <rabbit:binding queue="dead-letter-queue_45s" />

            <rabbit:binding queue="dead-letter-queue_50s" />

        </rabbit:bindings>

    </rabbit:direct-exchange>

    <!-- 配置consumer, 监听的类和queue的对应关系 -->

    <rabbit:listener-container

        connection-factory="connectionFactory" acknowledge="manual" >

        <rabbit:listener queues="dead-letter-queue_5s" ref="receiveConfirmTestListener" />

        <rabbit:listener queues="dead-letter-queue_15s" ref="receiveConfirmTestListener" />

        <rabbit:listener queues="dead-letter-queue_30s" ref="receiveConfirmTestListener" />

        <rabbit:listener queues="dead-letter-queue_45s" ref="receiveConfirmTestListener" />

        <rabbit:listener queues="dead-letter-queue_50s" ref="receiveConfirmTestListener" />

    </rabbit:listener-container>

</beans>

junit测试：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:application-context.xml"})

public class TestDeadLetter {

    @Autowired

    private DeadLetterPublishService publishService;  

    @Test

    public void testALL() throws InterruptedException{

        String message = "currentTime:" + System.currentTimeMillis();

        System.out.println("test1---message: "+ message);

        publishService.send("common-exchange","common-queue_5s", message);

        publishService.send("common-exchange","common-queue_15s", message);

        publishService.send("common-exchange","common-queue_30s", message);

        publishService.send("common-exchange","common-queue_45s", message);

        publishService.send("common-exchange","common-queue_50s", message);

        Thread.sleep(100000);

    }

}

TestDeadLetter.java

最后运行结果：消息实际发送时间点和消息被延迟消费时间点无限接近五个消息分别延迟大约 5s 15s 30s 45s 50s 但做不到精确一致。

test1---message: currentTime:

// 。。。。
 - consumer--:MessageProperties [headers={spring_return_correlation=1ac8ee8e-6d61-4bbf-bac1-f21523a0d759, x-first-death-exchange=common-exchange, x-death=[{reason=expired, count=1, exchange=common-exchange, time=Tue Aug 27 23:34:18 CST 2019, routing-keys=[common-queue_5s], queue=common-queue_5s}], x-first-death-reason=expired, x-first-death-queue=common-queue_5s}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=dlx-exchange, receivedRoutingKey=dead-letter-queue_5s, deliveryTag=1, messageCount=0]:currentTime:1566920053524
1566920068578 - consumer--:MessageProperties [headers={spring_return_correlation=1ac8ee8e-6d61-4bbf-bac1-f21523a0d759, x-first-death-exchange=common-exchange, x-death=[{reason=expired, count=1, exchange=common-exchange, time=Tue Aug 27 23:34:28 CST 2019, routing-keys=[common-queue_15s], queue=common-queue_15s}], x-first-death-reason=expired, x-first-death-queue=common-queue_15s}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=dlx-exchange, receivedRoutingKey=dead-letter-queue_15s, deliveryTag=1, messageCount=0]:currentTime:1566920053524
1566920083550 - consumer--:MessageProperties [headers={spring_return_correlation=1ac8ee8e-6d61-4bbf-bac1-f21523a0d759, x-first-death-exchange=common-exchange, x-death=[{reason=expired, count=1, exchange=common-exchange, time=Tue Aug 27 23:34:43 CST 2019, routing-keys=[common-queue_30s], queue=common-queue_30s}], x-first-death-reason=expired, x-first-death-queue=common-queue_30s}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=dlx-exchange, receivedRoutingKey=dead-letter-queue_30s, deliveryTag=1, messageCount=0]:currentTime:1566920053524
1566920098549 - consumer--:MessageProperties [headers={spring_return_correlation=1ac8ee8e-6d61-4bbf-bac1-f21523a0d759, x-first-death-exchange=common-exchange, x-death=[{reason=expired, count=1, exchange=common-exchange, time=Tue Aug 27 23:34:58 CST 2019, routing-keys=[common-queue_45s], queue=common-queue_45s}], x-first-death-reason=expired, x-first-death-queue=common-queue_45s}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=dlx-exchange, receivedRoutingKey=dead-letter-queue_45s, deliveryTag=1, messageCount=0]:currentTime:1566920053524
1566920103551 - consumer--:MessageProperties [headers={spring_return_correlation=1ac8ee8e-6d61-4bbf-bac1-f21523a0d759, x-first-death-exchange=common-exchange, x-death=[{reason=expired, count=1, exchange=common-exchange, time=Tue Aug 27 23:35:03 CST 2019, routing-keys=[common-queue_50s], queue=common-queue_50s}], x-first-death-reason=expired, x-first-death-queue=common-queue_50s}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=dlx-exchange, receivedRoutingKey=dead-letter-queue_50s, deliveryTag=1, messageCount=0]:currentTime:1566920053524

参考资料：

DLX：https://www.rabbitmq.com/dlx.html

RabbitMQ如何实现延迟队列？：https://blog.csdn.net/u013256816/article/details/55106401

消息队列之 RabbitMQ ：https://www.jianshu.com/p/79ca08116d57

使用RabbitMQ实现延迟任务 : https://www.cnblogs.com/haoxinyue/p/6613706.html

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