Linux进程间通信IPC学习笔记之消息队列(Posix)

基础知识:

消息队列可认为是一个消息链表,有足够写权限的线程可往队列中放置消息,有足够读权限的线程可以从队列中取走消息。在某个进程往一人队列写入消息之前,并不需要另外某个进程在该队列上等待消息的到达。其特性为:

1)具有内核的持续性:即当一个进程往某一个队列写入一些消息后终止,而另一个进程可以在以后的某个时刻取出该消息;

2)

#include <mqueue.h>
mqd_t mq_open(const char *name, int oflag, ...
/* mode_t mode,struct mq_attr *attr */);
返回:若成功则返回消息队列描述符,否则返回-1
#include <mqueue.h>
int mq_close(mqd_t mqdes);
返回:若成功返回0,否则返回-1
#include <mqueue.h>
int mq_unlink(const char *name);
返回:若成功返回0,否则返回-1
#include <mqueue.h>
int mq_send(mqd_t mqdes, const char *msg_ptr, size_t msg_len,
unsigned msg_prio);
返回:若成功返回0,否则返回-1
ssize_t mq_receive(mqd_t mqdes, char *msg_ptr, size_t msg_len,
unsigned *msg_prio);
返回:若成功返回消息中字节数,否则返回-1
#include <mqueue.h>
int mq_getattr(mqd_t mqdes, struct mq_attr *mqstat);
int mq_setattr(mqd_t mqdes, const struct mq_attr *restrict mqstat,
struct mq_attr *restrict omqstat);
返回:若成功返回0,否则返回-1
#include <mqueue.h>
#include <time.h>
ssize_t mq_timedreceive(mqd_t mqdes, char *restrict msg_ptr,
size_t msg_len, unsigned *restrict msg_prio,
const struct timespec *restrict abs_timeout);
int mq_timedsend(mqd_t mqdes, const char *msg_ptr, size_t msg_len,
unsigned msg_prio, const struct timespec *abs_timeout); #include <mqueue.h>
int mq_notify(mqd_t mqdes, const struct sigevent *notification);
返回:若成功返回0,否则返回-1
struct mq_attr{
long mq_flags; //message queue flags
long mq_maxmsg; //maximum number of messages
long mq_msgsize; //maximum message size
long mq_curmsgs; //number of messages currently queued
}; struct sigevent
{
int sigev_notify; //notification type
int sigev_signo; //signal number
union sigval sigev_value; //signal value
void (*sigev_notify_function) (union sigval); //notification function
pthread_attr_t *sigev_notify_attributes; //notification attributes
} union sigval
{
int sival_int; //integer value
void *sival_ptr; //pointer value
}

测试代码:

参考资料:

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