MySQL练习

目录

1、组合两个表

  • 表1: Person
+-------------+---------+
| 列名         | 类型     |
+-------------+---------+
| PersonId    | int     |
| FirstName   | varchar |
| LastName    | varchar |
+-------------+---------+
PersonId 是上表主键
  • 表2: Address
+-------------+---------+
| 列名         | 类型    |
+-------------+---------+
| AddressId   | int     |
| PersonId    | int     |
| City        | varchar |
| State       | varchar |
+-------------+---------+
AddressId 是上表主键

编写一个 SQL 查询,满足条件:无论 person 是否有地址信息,都需要基于上述两表提供 person 的以下信息:

FirstName, LastName, City, State

Sql如下:

select p.FirstName, p.LastName, a.City, a.State 
from 
Person p left join Address a on p.PersonId=a.PersonId;

2、第二高的薪水

编写一个 SQL 查询,获取 Employee 表中第二高的薪水(Salary) 。

+----+--------+
| Id | Salary |
+----+--------+
| 1  | 100    |
| 2  | 200    |
| 3  | 300    |
+----+--------+

例如上述 Employee 表,SQL查询应该返回 200 作为第二高的薪水。如果不存在第二高的薪水,那么查询应返回 null。

+---------------------+
| SecondHighestSalary |
+---------------------+
| 200                 |
+---------------------+

Sql如下:

select 
(select distinct Salary 
from 
employee order by Salary desc
limit 1 offset 1) as SecondHighestSalary;

备注分析:

用到升序 order by col desc
接着是limit 1,1  其中第一个1表示跳过数,第二个1表示输出多少数
可能考虑多个并列第二,用distinct去重

3、超过经理收入的员工

Employee 表包含所有员工,他们的经理也属于员工。每个员工都有一个 Id,此外还有一列对应员工的经理的 Id。

+----+-------+--------+-----------+
| Id | Name  | Salary | ManagerId |
+----+-------+--------+-----------+
| 1  | Joe   | 70000  | 3         |
| 2  | Henry | 80000  | 4         |
| 3  | Sam   | 60000  | NULL      |
| 4  | Max   | 90000  | NULL      |
+----+-------+--------+-----------+

给定 Employee 表,编写一个 SQL 查询,该查询可以获取收入超过他们经理的员工的姓名。在上面的表格中,Joe 是唯一一个收入超过他的经理的员工。

+----------+
| Employee |
+----------+
| Joe      |
+----------+

sql如下:

select a.Name as Employee
from 
Employee a,
Employee b where 
a.ManagerId=b.Id and a.Salary>b.Salary;

4、查找重复的电子邮箱

编写一个 SQL 查询,查找 Person 表中所有重复的电子邮箱。

+----+---------+
| Id | Email   |
+----+---------+
| 1  | a@b.com |
| 2  | c@d.com |
| 3  | a@b.com |
+----+---------+

根据以上输入,你的查询应返回以下结果:

+---------+
| Email   |
+---------+
| a@b.com |
+---------+

sql如下:

#select a.Email from (select Email,count(Email) c from Person group by Email having c>1) a;

select Email from Person group by Email having count(Email)>1;

备注分析:

用group by 统计Email 重复次数,过滤掉大于1的行,再查询单独列

5、从不订购的客户

某网站包含两个表,Customers 表和 Orders 表。编写一个 SQL 查询,找出所有从不订购任何东西的客户。

  • Customers 表:
+----+-------+
| Id | Name  |
+----+-------+
| 1  | Joe   |
| 2  | Henry |
| 3  | Sam   |
| 4  | Max   |
+----+-------+
  • Orders 表:
+----+------------+
| Id | CustomerId |
+----+------------+
| 1  | 3          |
| 2  | 1          |
+----+------------+

例如给定上述表格,你的查询应返回:

+-----------+
| Customers |
+-----------+
| Henry     |
| Max       |
+-----------+

sql如下:

select Name as Customers 
from Customers 
where Id not in (select CustomerId from Orders);

备注分析:

查询客户表的id不在订单表CustomerId的行

6、部门工资最高的员工

Employee 表包含所有员工信息,每个员工有其对应的 Id, salary 和 department Id。

+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name  | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1  | Joe   | 70000  | 1            |
| 2  | Jim   | 90000  | 1            |
| 3  | Henry | 80000  | 2            |
| 4  | Sam   | 60000  | 2            |
| 5  | Max   | 90000  | 1            |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+

Department 表包含公司所有部门的信息。

+----+----------+
| Id | Name     |
+----+----------+
| 1  | IT       |
| 2  | Sales    |
+----+----------+

编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资最高的员工。对于上述表,您的 SQL 查询应返回以下行(行的顺序无关紧要)。

+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Max      | 90000  |
| IT         | Jim      | 90000  |
| Sales      | Henry    | 80000  |
+------------+----------+--------+

sql如下:

select  d.Name as Department,e.Name as Employee,e.Salary 
from Employee e
join Department d on e.DepartmentId=d.Id
where 
(e.DepartmentId,e.Salary) in 
(select  DepartmentId,Max(Salary) from Employee group by DepartmentId)

备注分析:

用到Max()函数取最大值,并对部门id进行分组,
join两表,where判断部门id和薪水 是否在最大值的分组表中存在

7、上升的温度

  • 表 Weather
+---------------+---------+
| Column Name   | Type    |
+---------------+---------+
| id            | int     |
| recordDate    | date    |
| temperature   | int     |
+---------------+---------+
id 是这个表的主键
该表包含特定日期的温度信息

编写一个 SQL 查询,来查找与之前(昨天的)日期相比温度更高的所有日期的 id 。返回结果 不要求顺序 。
查询结果格式如下例:

Weather
+----+------------+-------------+
| id | recordDate | Temperature |
+----+------------+-------------+
| 1  | 2015-01-01 | 10          |
| 2  | 2015-01-02 | 25          |
| 3  | 2015-01-03 | 20          |
| 4  | 2015-01-04 | 30          |
+----+------------+-------------+

Result table:
+----+
| id |
+----+
| 2  |
| 4  |
+----+
2015-01-02 的温度比前一天高(10 -> 25)
2015-01-04 的温度比前一天高(20 -> 30)

sql如下:

select w1.id from Weather w1
join Weather w2 on datediff(w1.recordDate,w2.recordDate)=1
where w1.Temperature>w2.Temperature

备注分析:

利用datediff(date1,date2)函数,返回date1-date2的天数做join判断,
再用where判断date1的温度大于date2的温度
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