1.1SpringData JPA概述
Spring Data JPA 是 Spring 基于 ORM 框架、JPA 规范的基础上封装的一套JPA应用框架,可使开发者用极简的代码即可实现对数据库的访问和操作。它提供了包括增删改查等在内的常用功能,且易于扩展!学习并使用 Spring Data JPA 可以极大提高开发效率!
1.2Spring Data JPA 与 JPA和hibernate之间的关系
JPA是一套规范,内部是有接口和抽象类组成的。hibernate是一套成熟的ORM框架,而且Hibernate实现了JPA规范,所以也可以称hibernate为JPA的一种实现方式,我们使用JPA的API编程,意味着站在更高的角度上看待问题(面向接口编程)
2.1 Spring Data JPA的快速入门
2.2 引入Spring Data JPA的坐标
使用Spring Data JPA,需要整合Spring与Spring Data JPA,并且需要提供JPA的服务提供者hibernate,所以需要导入spring相关坐标,hibernate坐标,数据库驱动坐标等
<properties> <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version> <hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version> <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version> <log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version> <c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version> <mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- junit单元测试 --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- spring beg AOP--> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId> <version>1.6.8</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- spring对orm框架的支持包--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- spring end --> <!-- hibernate beg --> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> <version>${hibernate.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId> <version>${hibernate.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId> <version>5.2.1.Final</version> </dependency> <!-- hibernate end --> <!-- c3p0 beg --> <dependency> <groupId>c3p0</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>${c3p0.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- c3p0 end --> <!-- log end --> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>${log4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- log end --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>${mysql.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- spring data jpa 的坐标--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId> <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId> <version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- el beg 使用spring data jpa 必须引入 --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.el</groupId> <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId> <version>2.2.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId> <artifactId>javax.el</artifactId> <version>2.2.4</version> </dependency> <!-- el end --> </dependencies>
2.3 整合Spring Data JPA与Spring
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd"> <!-- 1.dataSource 配置数据库连接池--> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test"/> <property name="user" value="root"/> <property name="password" value="12345"/> </bean> <!-- 2.配置entityManagerFactory 对象交给spring容器来管理--> <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> <!--配置要扫描的包(实体类所在的包)--> <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.hdh.entity"/> <!--jpa的实现厂家--> <property name="persistenceProvider"> <bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"/> </property> <!--JPA的供应商适配器--> <property name="jpaVendorAdapter"> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"> <!--是否自动创建表--> <property name="generateDdl" value="false"/> <!--指定数据库的类型--> <property name="database" value="MYSQL"/> <!--数据库方言 支持的数据库语法--> <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect"/> <!--控制台是否显示打印sql--> <property name="showSql" value="true"/> </bean> </property> <!--jpa的方言:高级的特性--> <property name="jpaDialect"> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect"/> </property> </bean> <!-- 3.事务管理器--> <!-- JPA事务管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"> <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/> </bean> <!-- 整合spring data jpa--> <jpa:repositories base-package="com.hdh.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"></jpa:repositories> <!-- 4.txAdvice--> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/> <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/> <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <!-- 5.aop--> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* com.hdh.service.*.*(..))"/> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/> </aop:config> <context:component-scan base-package="com.hdh"></context:component-scan> <!--组装其它 配置文件--> </beans>
2.4使用JPA注解配置映射关系
@Entity //声明实体类 @Table(name = "cst_customer") //建立实体类和表的映射关系 public class Customer { @Id//声明当前私有属性为主键 @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) //配置主键的生成策略 @Column(name = "cust_id") //指定和表中cust_id字段的映射关系 private Long custId; @Column(name = "cust_name") //指定和表中cust_name字段的映射关系 private String custName; @Column(name = "cust_source")//指定和表中cust_source字段的映射关系 private String custSource; @Column(name = "cust_industry")//指定和表中cust_industry字段的映射关系 private String custIndustry; @Column(name = "cust_level")//指定和表中cust_level字段的映射关系 private String custLevel; @Column(name = "cust_address")//指定和表中cust_address字段的映射关系 private String custAddress; @Column(name = "cust_phone")//指定和表中cust_phone字段的映射关系 private String custPhone;
//get set省略 }
3.1 使用Spring Data JPA完成需求
3.2编写符合Spring Data JPA规范的Dao层接口
Spring Data JPA是spring提供的一款对于数据访问层(Dao层)的框架,使用Spring Data JPA,只需要按照框架的规范提供dao接口,不需要实现类就可以完成数据库的增删改查、分页查询等方法的定义,极大的简化了我们的开发过程。
在Spring Data JPA中,对于定义符合规范的Dao层接口,我们只需要遵循以下几点就可以了:
1.创建一个Dao层接口,并实现JpaRepository和JpaSpecificationExecutor 2.提供相应的泛型/** * 符合SpringDataJpa的dao层接口规范 * JpaRepository<操作的实体类类型,实体类中主键属性的类型> * * 封装了基本CRUD操作 * JpaSpecificationExecutor<操作的实体类类型> * * 封装了复杂查询(分页) */ public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer, Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> { }
3.3完成基本CRUD操作
完成了Spring Data JPA的环境搭建,并且编写了符合Spring Data JPA 规范的Dao层接口之后,就可以使用定义好的Dao层接口进行客户的基本CRUD操作
//申明spring提供的单元测试环境 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) //指定加载spring容器 @ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml") public class CustomerDaoTest { @Autowired private CustomerDao customerDao; /** * 根据id查询 */ @Test public void testFindOne() { Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(1L); System.out.println(customer); } /** * 保存或者更新 * 根据你传入的对象是否存在主键 存在:则是更新 * 不存:在则是保存 *jap在保存或者更新 会先发送一条查询语句 */ @Test public void testSave() { Customer customer = new Customer(); customer.setCustId(2l); customer.setCustName("xj"); Customer save = customerDao.save(customer); System.out.println(save); } @Test public void testUpdate() { Customer customer = new Customer(); customer.setCustId(2l); customer.setCustName("xj11"); Customer save = customerDao.save(customer); System.out.println(save); } /** * ge根据id删除 */ @Test public void testDelete() { customerDao.delete(2l); } /** * ge根据id删除 */ @Test public void testSelectAll() { List<Customer> customers= customerDao.findAll(); customers.forEach(System.out::println); } }