整合s2sh,实现页面操作数据库

  • 先说点废话

    s2sh,就是struts2,spring,hibernate;s2作为表现层和控制器,hibernate作为持久层,spring作为业务层(充分应用IOC和AOP)。其实业务还是业务,只是依赖类通过spring来注入和管理,使得代码非常简洁(前提你得非常熟悉,不然就像在下一样即将发疯);spring的应用主要是在管理对象的c创建(IOC)还有数据库事物的管理(AOP),今天熟悉了IOC的使用,写个demo记录一下。

  • 准备事项

    配置ssh的环境,主要是导包和创建配置文件。

    整合s2sh,实现页面操作数据库

    struts的配置文件struts.xml,hibernate的配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml,spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml;

    以及修改web.xml。

  • 整合例子

    目录如下,仍然是mvc,model存表对象,service存数据库事物,dao存单个表操作,action是控制器。

    整合s2sh,实现页面操作数据库

    web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>SpringPractice</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>hello</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter
</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping> <listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation </param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
</web-app>

    struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> <struts> <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false" />
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<!-- submit不换行 -->
<constant name="struts.ui.theme" value="simple" />
<constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8"/>
<!--整合spring-->
<constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" />
<!-- Add packages here -->
<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<!-- 测试action-->
<!-- class对应applicationContext.xml的id,在applicationContext.xml上配置真是路径 -->
<action name="add" class="add">
<result name="success"></result>
</action>
<action name="delete" class="delete">
<result name="success"></result>
</action>
<action name="testHello" class="Hello">
<result name="success"></result>
</action>
</package> </struts>

    hibernate.xml 其实可以不要了,全部配在了applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!--
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">qwert1234</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://3306:MyData?useSSL=true</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property> <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<property name="connection.characterEncoding">utf-8</property>
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
-->
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

    applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"
>
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="username" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="qwert1234"></property>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/MyData?useSSL=true"></property>
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ></property>
</bean>
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<!-- <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"></property> -->
<!-- 注入一个DataSource -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">false</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
</props>
</property>
<property name="mappingResources">
<list>
<value>model/user.hbm.xml</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="userDaoImpl" class="dao.userDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="userService" class="service.UserService" scope="prototype">
<property name="userDaoImpl" ref="userDaoImpl"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置action-->
<bean id="add" class="action.addUserAction" scope="prototype">
<property name="userService" ref="userService"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="delete" class="action.deleteAction" scope="prototype">
<property name="userService" ref="userService"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="Hello" class="action.HelloAction" autowire="byName" scope="prototype">
</bean>
</beans>

    service对象里面有一个dao对象,是通过注入使用的;配置控制器的时候,把service注入进去,在此之前先实例化一个service对象;值得注意的是hibernate和spring的整合。

    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="username" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="qwert1234"></property>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/MyData?useSSL=true"></property>
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ></property>
</bean>

    首先配置dataSource,class可以配jdbc或者是其他的连接池。配完了这几行,hibernate对应的配置可以去掉了。

    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<!-- <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"></property> -->
<!-- 注入一个DataSource -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">false</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
</props>
</property>
<property name="mappingResources">
<list>
<value>model/user.hbm.xml</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>

    然后配置sessionFactory,注入dataSource,里面的key配置了数据库方言和hibernate的其他配置,配完之后可以去掉hibernate配置文件相应的地方了,list里配置了mapping,把映射表也配上了,所以hibernate的配置文件完全没用了。

    <bean id="userDaoImpl" class="dao.userDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
</bean>

    最后在dao中注入sessionFactory,这样就可以使用getHibernateTemplate这个方法了,少了很多代码。

    userDao.java

package dao;

import java.util.List;

import model.user;

public interface userDao {
public void save(user user);
public void delete(user user);
public void update(user user);
public List<user> select();
}

    userDaoImpl.java

package dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;

import model.user;

public class userDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements userDao{

	@Override
public void save(user user) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
this.getHibernateTemplate().save(user); } @Override
public void delete(user user) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String hql = "delete from user where username = "+user.getUsername();
this.getHibernateTemplate().bulkUpdate(hql);
} @Override
public void update(user user) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
this.getHibernateTemplate().update(user); } @Override
public List<user> select() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String hql = "from user";
List<user> list = (List<model.user>) this.getHibernateTemplate().find(hql);
return list;
} }

    UserService.java

package service;

import java.util.List;

import dao.userDaoImpl;
import model.user; public class UserService {
private userDaoImpl userDaoImpl; public userDaoImpl getUserDaoImpl() {
return userDaoImpl;
}
public void setUserDaoImpl(userDaoImpl userdao) {
this.userDaoImpl = userdao;
}
//服务
public void addService(user u){
userDaoImpl.save(u);
}
public void updateService(user u){
userDaoImpl.update(u);
}
public void deleteService(user u){
userDaoImpl.delete(u);
}
public List<user> selectAllService(){
return userDaoImpl.select();
} }

    控制器

package action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven; import model.user;
import service.UserService; public class addUserAction extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<user>{
private user u;
private UserService userService;
public UserService getUserService() {
return userService;
} public void setUserService(UserService usService) {
this.userService = usService;
} public user getU() {
return u;
} public void setU(user u) {
this.u = u;
} @Override
public user getModel() {
if(u == null)
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
u = new user();
return u;
}
public String execute(){
this.userService.addService(u);
return SUCCESS;
}
}

  

package action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven; import model.user;
import service.UserService; public class deleteAction extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<user>{
private user u;
private UserService userService;
public UserService getUserService() {
return userService;
} public void setUserService(UserService usService) {
this.userService = usService;
} public user getU() {
return u;
} public void setU(user u) {
this.u = u;
} @Override
public user getModel() {
if(u == null)
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
u = new user();
return u;
}
public String execute(){
this.userService.deleteService(u);
return SUCCESS;
}
}

    页面代码

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<%@taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>添加用户</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="add">
<table>
<tr>
<td>用户名:</td>
<td><input type="text" size="18" name="username"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>密码:</td>
<td><input type="password" size="18" name="password"></td>
</tr>
</table>
<s:submit value="提交"></s:submit>
<s:reset value="重置"></s:reset>
</form>
</body>
</html>

  

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<%@taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>删除用户</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="delete">
<table>
<tr>
<td>用户名:</td>
<td><input type="text" size="18" name="username"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>密码:</td>
<td><input type="password" size="18" name="password"></td>
</tr>
</table>
<s:submit value="提交"></s:submit>
<s:reset value="重置"></s:reset>
</form>
</body>
</html>
  • 错误

    首先遇到的异常非常多,我甚至有些怀疑(厌烦)spring框架的加入。

    1.命名注入对象的时候要按照驼峰命名法。

    2.莫名其妙无法打开数据库的链接,重新写配置文件不适用properties之后正常了。

org.springframework.dao.DataAccessResourceFailureException: Cannot open connection; nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.JDBCConnectionException: Cannot open connection 	at org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils.convertHibernateAcce
java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string

    3.struts配置action的时候不能不配置result,跳一堆红字...

    4.在使用映射的时候,没有主键的时候会出错(或者我没找到合适的方式用)。如下错误:

ids for this class must be manually assigned before calling save(): model.user; nested exception is org.hibernate.id.IdentifierGenerationException: ids for this class must be manually assigned before calling save(): model.user

    5.仔细写配置文件,超坑。类似如下:

Invalid property 'userService' of bean class [action.addUserAction]: Bean property 'userService' is not writable or has an invalid setter method. Did you mean 'usService'?

    6.tomcat经常添乱,因为启动记录里面的项目关闭了或者删除了。最后我把服务器删了重新添加,受够了启动无限报错。

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Document base

    7.仔细写好路径,web.xml的,不然有如下错误。

parsing XML document from ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: Could not open ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]
  • 最后

    仍然很欣慰能运行正常,添加了spring之后设计变得简洁很多(非常仔细地写),如果使用了AOP则可以在不改写原有代码的情况下增加功能。

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