-XX
标准选择（Standard Options）
These are the most commonly used options that are supported by all implementations of the JVM.

示例：

-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC
-XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnable
-XX:+UseFastAccessorMethods

-X
非标准选择（Non-Standard Options）
These options are general purpose options that are specific to the Java HotSpot Virtual Machine.

示例：

-Xmx256m
-Xms256m
-Xmn768m
-Xss256k

 

-D
设置系统属性值（Sets a system property value）
-D属性名称=属性值
Sets a system property value. The property variable is a string with no spaces that represents the name of the property.
The value variable is a string that represents the value of the property. If value is a string with spaces, then enclose it in quotation marks (for example -Dfoo="foo bar").

示例：

-Dspring.profiles.active=release
-Dspring.config.location=/opt/app/conf/

* 如果属性值中间有空格，需要用双引号括住，例如-Dclotho="clotho property value"

 

在IDEA中通过Run/Debug configurations中的VM.options配置

* 如果默认没显示，可点击Build and run右边的Modify options -> Java -> Add VM options