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ubuntu 怎么更新?ubuntu更新命令及方法
安装Ubuntu系统后，第一件事就是更新系统源。由于系统安装的默认源地址在英国，作为Ubuntu的主源，国内连接速度非常慢，所以我们要将它换成就近的快速源。
网上有些人说CN99是国内最快的源，但不同的网络状况连接以下源的速度不同, 所以cn99并不一定是最快的源, 建议在添加前手动验证一下源的连接速度(ping下就行),比如说北京网通ADSL用户连接cn99就非常慢,而ftp.sjtu.edu.cn则相对较快，选择最快的源可以节省大批下载时间。
首先备份源列表，而后用gedit或其他编辑器打开源列表文件：
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
从下面列表中选择合适的源，替换掉文件中所有的内容，保存编辑好的文件然后执行源的更新（注意：不同的Ubuntu版本对应的源是不同的，千万不要弄错了）：
sudo apt-get update
如果更新很慢，可以用上面的方法换一个源，然后再试，直到成功为止。然后，执行真正的系统更新：sudo apt-get upgrade；如下图所示：
常用的源列表如下：
ubuntu 8.04的163源为：
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#Mirror.lupaworld.com 源更新服务器（浙江省杭州市双线服务器，网通同电信都可以用，亚洲地区官方更新服务器）：
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
Ubuntu 官方源 推荐北方网通用户添加
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
*的官方源速度也相当不错，有时甚至快于内地的：
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
再加个中国电信源科技大学的源（能用速度还不 错）
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
防止非官方源中软件包不全的问题，请在sources.list文件中尾部添加下面这个官方源。
deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu-cn/ feisty main restricted universe multiverse
如果没有这个源，下面安装某些软件的时候会提示找不到，比如w32codecs
*源可能会慢一些，耐心等一下，换源后一般下载速度都有几十K，上百K也很正常。
ubuntu更新命令
常用的APT命令参数：
apt-cache search package 搜索包
apt-cache show package 获取包的相关信息，如说明、大小、版本等
sudo apt-get install package 安装包
sudo apt-get install package - - reinstall 重新安装包
sudo apt-get -f install 修复安装"-f = ——fix-missing"
sudo apt-get remove package 删除包
sudo apt-get remove package - - purge 删除包，包括删除配置文件等
sudo apt-get update 更新源
sudo apt-get upgrade 更新已安装的包
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 升级系统
sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade 使用 dselect 升级
apt-cache depends package 了解使用依赖
apt-cache rdepends package 是查看该包被哪些包依赖
sudo apt-get build-dep package 安装相关的编译环境
apt-get source package 下载该包的源代码
sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean 清理无用的包
sudo apt-get check 检查是否有损坏的依赖
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