主动语态如何变为被动语态:be动词(与原句时态一致)+过去分词。原句的宾语做主语,原句的主语,在被动语态中省略,或前面加上介词BY做状语。
所有的被动语态都是主系表结构
- 一般态:be +done
- 进行态:be+being+过去分词
- 完成态:have/has/had been + done
练习:
- 欧元在大部分欧洲国家都被使用
- the euro is used in most europen contries(欧元:euro,一般现在时)
- 这些电脑是在*制造的
- these computers were manufactured *(制造:manufactur)
- 2012年的奥运会将在伦敦举行
- the 2012 olympic games will be held in london
- 一名应聘者正被我们的人事经理面试着
- an applicant is being interviewed by our personnel manager(应聘者:candidate,人事经理:personnel manager)
- 那栋旧大楼已经被拆除
- the old building has been torn down (拆除:tear down )
- 我们办公室的房间都是每天打扫的
- our office rooms are cleaned up every day(打扫:clean up)
- 汤姆昨天被一只狗咬到,所幸无大碍
- tom was bitten by a dog yesterday. foutunatly, it was nothing serious
- 因为经济不景气,大约5000名员工将被裁员
- because of the economic recession,about 5000 employees will be laid off(经济不景气:the economic recession,裁员:lay off)
- 六个人被困在矿井里已经有17个小时了
- six men have been trapped in a mine for 17 hours(困住:trap,矿井:mine,时间段:for)
- 这场地震结束的时候有多少建筑被损坏了
- how many buildings have been destoryed when the earthquake ended
最好使用被动语态的情况
- 为了突出受动者(主动语态中的宾语)
- a hero is distinguished in difficult circunmstance 困境之中显英雄
- a liar is not believed when he tells the truth 撒谎的人将真理也没人相信
- 在主动语态下的主语不明确或不必指明
- once a year, a race is held for old cars 旧式汽车的比赛每年举行一次(不必强调举行者是谁)
被动语态中重难点:不完全及物动词和授予动词的补充
第四大句型:
1.主谓宾宾补,其实就是让某人做某事
例:he made this task be finished.他让这个任务背完成了,强调这个人使用了什么自己的方法才完成了任务 (被动的时候,这种句型中的宾语和宾补是被动语态,此时要省略be和to be) 所以这句话应该是:he made this task finished.
2.英语中还有什么时候不会出现be动词呢?
主谓宾宾补
主系表
表语过去分词名词形容词地点副词
宾补
- 使役动词:使役动词+宾语+过去分词(补语)(句中省略了to be)
- now a group of students will have the plane restored.一群学生计划修复这架飞机
- officials have the clock checked twice a day.官员们每天两次派人检查此钟。
- 使役动词+宾语+名词、形容词或地点副词(句中省略了to be)
- his teacher made him a good student.(名词做宾补,)他的老师使他成为好学生
- the trip made him happy.(形容词作宾补)这次旅行使他很愉快
- he let me in.(地点副词做宾补)他让我进来
- get him out of here(介词短语,相当于地点副词)把他弄出去!
3. 各种常用的不完全及物动词:
- 见第一课:make,get,let,have
- 让某人做某事一类:只能接不定时做宾补
- ask
- encourage
- tell
- push
- expect
- want
- drive/force/oblige/compel
- order
- cause/urge
例:my old friend brian urged me to accept a cigarette.我的老朋友布莱恩极力劝我接受一支香烟。
- 知觉动词:5看2听1感觉
- feel
- hear,listen to
- see,observe,watch,look at,notice
- 表事实:此类动词+宾语+动词原形(补语),译为:“....了”
- 例:i saw him dance.我看见他跳舞了
- 表进行状态:此类动词+宾语+现在分词(补语),译为“...正在...”
- 例:the pilot saw one of the men taking photographs.当气球飞临基地上空的时候,飞行员看见有一个人在拍照。(过去看见他的时候他在拍照)
- 表被动状态:此类动词+宾语+过去分词(补语),译为“...被...”
- 例:i saw him killed.我看见他被杀了(这里的kill是及物动词,只有及物动词才有被动)
- 表事实:此类动词+宾语+动词原形(补语),译为:“....了”
- 认定动词:视...为...;认为...是...:
- 动词+宾语+介词as+名词或形容词(补语)
- regard
- look upon
- think of
- see
- view
例:we view every customer as a partner.我们将每一位客户视为合作伙伴
- 动词+宾语+(to be)+名词或形容词(补语)
- consider
- deem
- think
- believe
- find
例:i found his advice really useful.我发现他的建议非常有用。
- 动词+宾语+介词as+名词或形容词(补语)
- 转变动词:使...变成...
- change/turn+宾语+into+名词(补语)
例:i need to change my dollars into francs.我需要把美金换成法郎。
- change/turn+宾语+into+名词(补语)
- 命名动词:call/name +宾语+名词(补语)
例:you can call your pet dog doctor.你可以把你的狗取名为博士 - help后接不定式(to可以省略)做宾语补语
例:a short while go,my sister helped me to carry my old bookcases up the stairs.几分钟前,我妹妹帮我把我的旧书橱抬上了楼
练习:
- 店员看见这个衣着很好的妇女正在偷东西
the shop assistant saw the well-dressed woman stealing something(知觉动词+宾语+现在分词) - 你能帮我洗衣服吗
can you help me to wash clothes(help+宾语+todo/do) - 作为老师,你应该鼓励你的学生努力学习
as a teacher,you should engrouage your students to study hard(某人做某事要用不定式) - 父母不应该期望他们的孩子做任何事情都成功
the parents shouldn't expect their children to succeed in doing everything.(同上) - 你应该命令这个计划在一个月内完成
you should order the project finished within a month(同上) - 我发现我们的老师被警察逮捕了
i found our teacher arrested by the police - 工人们明天将把墙刷成绿色
the workers will paint the wall green tomorrow(省略了tobe) - 女主人邀请我们进去 the hostess invited us in(tobe省略)
- 我们认为这个男人处于危险中
we considered the man in danger(省略tobe) - 大部分人把他当作英雄
most of people regarded him as a hero(视为)
特殊授予动词:主谓双宾结构
- 间接宾语和直接宾语位置可以换,此时要加to,for,of
- 表给与的概念,用to
- 表代劳(buy等),用for
- ask,用of
例:i give him a book. i give a book to him.
- 与of连用的授予动词
- rob 抢夺
- deprive 剥夺(权利)
- cure 治愈
- relieve 减轻
例:he robbed me of my money.他抢了我的钱(不能直接robbed my money)
- 表“提供”概念的授予动词provide,furnish,supply必须与介词with连用(双宾语倒置的时候仍然要用to,for)
例:he provided me with a lot of money.它提供我很多钱。双宾语倒置:he provided a lot of money to me
练习:
- 这个著名歌手给我们演唱了一首流行歌曲
the famous singer sang a popular song for us - 这座新桥带给当地人极大的方便
the new brige brings the local people the great convinent - 你不能剥夺他的权利
you can't deprive him of his power - 这张照片让我想起了我们在夏令营的日子
the photo reminds me of the days which spent in the summer camp
补充知识:
-
第四大句型变成被动语态时,原句的宾补,在被动语态中的名称为主语补语
- 例:my father was shocked. now we are not allowed to touch it.我父亲大为吃惊,不许我们在动它。my father doesn't allow us to touch it.
- 1感2听1使5看可以用于被动语态,但其中主语补语必须加上to
- they made me repeat the story./i was made to repeat the story.他们让我又把那事讲了一遍。
- i saw him dance./he was seen to dance.我看见他跳舞了
-
第五大句型变成被动的时候,两个宾语都可以成为被动句的主语,但由于间接宾语是人,通常更常变成主语。
例:he was given a book by me./a book was given to him by me./i give him a book.