toString方法
public class test { public static void main(String[] args) { Teacher t=new Teacher(); System.out.println("1 "+t+" 2 "+t.toString()); } } class Teacher { public String toString() { return "I am a teacher"; } }
输出:
1 I am a teacher 2 I am a teacher
说明:
public String toString() {return "I am a teacher";}不能写成大写的public String ToString!
重写必须要COPY过来!
toString
public String toString()
- 返回该对象的字符串表示。通常,
toString
方法会返回一个“以文本方式表示”此对象的字符串。结果应是一个简明但易于读懂的信息表达式。建议所有子类都重写此方法。Object
类的toString
方法返回一个字符串,该字符串由类名(对象是该类的一个实例)、at 标记符“@
”和此对象哈希码的无符号十六进制表示组成。换句话说,该方法返回一个字符串,它的值等于:getClass().getName() + '@' + Integer.toHexString(hashCode())
-
- 返回:
- 该对象的字符串表示形式。
认识一下toString方法,并且重写父类方法!
equals方法:
public class test { public static void main(String[] args) { Cat c1=new Cat(1,2,3); Cat c2=new Cat(1,2,3); System.out.println(c1==c2); } } class Cat { int color; int height,weight; public Cat(int color,int height,int weight) { this.color=color; this.height=height; this.weight=weight; } } //永远不等,比较的是地址
输出:
false
public class test { public static void main(String[] args) { Cat c1=new Cat(1,2,3); Cat c2=new Cat(1,2,3); System.out.println(c1==c2); System.out.println (c1.equals(c2)); } } class Cat { int color; int height,weight; public Cat(int color,int height,int weight) { this.color=color; this.height=height; this.weight=weight; } //重写方法 public boolean equals(Object obj) { return true; }//永远都相等,不好!就是写在这里需要注意一下重写要从JDK文档中COPY一下 } //永远不等,比较的是地址
输出:
false
true
重写equals方法正确写法
public class test { public static void main(String[] args) { Cat c1=new Cat(1,2,3); Cat c2=new Cat(1,2,3); System.out.println(c1==c2); System.out.println (c1.equals(c2)); } } class Cat { int color; int height,weight; public Cat(int color,int height,int weight) { this.color=color; this.height=height; this.weight=weight; } //重写方法 public boolean equals(Object obj) { if(obj==null) return false; else { if(obj instanceof Cat) {//如果obj是猫对象的一个引用 Cat c=(Cat)obj;//obj强制转化为猫类型 if(c.color==this.color&&c.height==this.height&&c.weight==this.weight) { return true; } } } return false; } }
输出:
false
true
public class test { public static void main(String[] args) { Cat c1=new Cat(1,2,3); Cat c2=new Cat(1,2,3); System.out.println(c1==c2); System.out.println (c1.equals(c2)); String s1=new String("Hello"); String s2=new String("Hello"); System.out.println(s1==s2); //java.lang包下的string重写了equals方法 //将此字符串与指定的对象比较。当且仅当该参数不为 null,并且是与此对象表示相同字符序列的 String 对象时,结果才为 true。 System.out.println(s1.equals(s2));//s2不为空,是true } } class Cat { int color; int height,weight; public Cat(int color,int height,int weight) { this.color=color; this.height=height; this.weight=weight; } //重写方法 public boolean equals(Object obj) { if(obj==null) return false; else { if(obj instanceof Cat) {//如果obj是猫对象的一个引用 Cat c=(Cat)obj;//obj强制转化为猫类型 if(c.color==this.color&&c.height==this.height&&c.weight==this.weight) { return true; } } } return false; } }
输出:
false
true
false
true
equals
public boolean equals(Object obj)
- 指示其他某个对象是否与此对象“相等”。
equals
方法在非空对象引用上实现相等关系:-
自反性:对于任何非空引用值
x
,x.equals(x)
都应返回true
。 -
对称性:对于任何非空引用值
x
和y
,当且仅当y.equals(x)
返回true
时,x.equals(y)
才应返回true
。 -
传递性:对于任何非空引用值
x
、y
和z
,如果x.equals(y)
返回true
,并且y.equals(z)
返回true
,那么x.equals(z)
应返回true
。 -
一致性:对于任何非空引用值
x
和y
,多次调用 x.equals(y) 始终返回true
或始终返回false
,前提是对象上equals
比较中所用的信息没有被修改。 - 对于任何非空引用值
x
,x.equals(null)
都应返回false
。
Object
类的 equals 方法实现对象上差别可能性最大的相等关系;即,对于任何非空引用值x
和y
,当且仅当x
和y
引用同一个对象时,此方法才返回true
(x == y
具有值true
)。注意:当此方法被重写时,通常有必要重写 hashCode 方法,以维护 hashCode 方法的常规协定,该协定声明相等对象必须具有相等的哈希码。
-
自反性:对于任何非空引用值
-
- 参数:
-
obj
- 要与之比较的引用对象。 - 返回:
- 如果此对象与 obj 参数相同,则返回
true
;否则返回false
。 - 另请参见:
-
hashCode()
,Hashtable
对象转型:
class Animal { public String name; Animal(String name) { this.name=name; } } class Cat extends Animal { public String eyesColor; Cat(String n,String c) { super(n); eyesColor=c; } } class Dog extends Animal { public String furcolor; Dog(String n,String c) { super(n); furcolor=c; } } public class test { public static void main(String[] args) { Animal a=new Animal("name"); Cat c=new Cat("name","blue"); Dog d=new Dog("dogname","black"); System.out.println(a instanceof Animal);//true System.out.println(c instanceof Animal);//true System.out.println(d instanceof Animal);//true System.out.println(a instanceof Cat);//false a=new Dog("bigyellow","yellow");; System.out.println(a.name);//bigyellow //System.out.println(a.furname);//error! System.out.println(a instanceof Animal);//true System.out.println(a instanceof Dog);//true Dog d1=(Dog)a;//要加强制你转换符 System.out.println(d1.furcolor);//yellow } }
输出:
true
true
true
false
bigyellow
true
true
yellow
class Animal { public String name; Animal(String name) { this.name=name; } } class Cat extends Animal { public String eyesColor; Cat(String n,String c) { super(n); eyesColor=c; } } class Dog extends Animal { public String furcolor; Dog(String n,String c) { super(n); furcolor=c; } } public class test { public static void main(String[] args) { test testdemo=new test(); Animal a=new Animal("name"); Cat c=new Cat("catname","blue"); Dog d=new Dog("dogname","black"); testdemo.f(a); testdemo.f(c); testdemo.f(d); } public void f(Animal a) { System.out.println("name:"+a.name); if(a instanceof Cat) { Cat cat=(Cat) a; System.out.println(" "+cat.eyesColor+" eyes"); } else if(a instanceof Dog) { Dog dog =(Dog) a; System.out.println(" "+dog.furcolor+" fur"); } } }输出:
name:name
name:catname
blue eyes
name:dogname
black fur
abstract class Animal {//有了抽象方法,这个类必须被声明为抽象类 private String name; Animal(String name) {this.name = name;} /* public void enjoy(){ System.out.println("叫声......"); } */ //抽象类的方法没有写的必要 public abstract void enjoy();//只有;没有左右大括号定义,相当于C++里的纯虚函数 } abstract class Cat extends Animal { private String eyesColor; Cat(String n,String c) {super(n); eyesColor = c;} /* public void enjoy() { System.out.println("猫叫声......"); } */ //public abstract void enjoy(); } class Dog extends Animal { private String furColor; Dog(String n,String c) {super(n); furColor = c;} public void enjoy() { System.out.println("狗叫声......"); } } class Bird extends Animal { Bird() { super("bird"); } public void enjoy() { System.out.println("鸟叫声......"); } } class Lady { private String name; private Animal pet; Lady(String name,Animal pet) { this.name = name; this.pet = pet; } public void myPetEnjoy(){pet.enjoy();} } public class test { public static void main(String args[]){ //Cat c = new Cat("catname","blue");//抽象的类是残缺的类,NEW不出来 Dog d = new Dog("dogname","black"); Bird b = new Bird(); //Lady l1 = new Lady("l1",c); Lady l2 = new Lady("l2",d); Lady l3 = new Lady("l3",b); //l1.myPetEnjoy(); l2.myPetEnjoy(); l3.myPetEnjoy(); } }
输出:
狗叫声......
鸟叫声......
final关键字
public class test { public static void main(String[] args) { T t=new T(); System.out.println(t.i); } } final class T { final int i = 8; public final void m() { //j=9; } }
输出:
8
说白了,就是只可以读不可以写
接口:
interface Singer { public void sing(); public void sleep(); } interface Painter { public void paint(); public void eat(); } class Student implements Singer { private String name; Student(String name) { this.name=name; } public void study() { System.out.println("studying"); } public String getName() { return name; } public void sing() { System.out.println("student is singing"); } public void sleep() { System.out.println("student is sleeping"); } } class Teacher implements Singer,Painter { private String name; public String getString() { return name; } Teacher(String name) {this.name=name;} public void teach() { System.out.println("teacher is teaching"); } public void sing() { System.out.println("teacher is singing"); } public void sleep() { System.out.println("teacher is sleeping"); } public void eat() { System.out.println("teacher is eating"); } @Override public void paint() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub System.out.println("teacher is painting"); } } public class test { public static void main(String[] args) { Singer s1=new Student("tom"); s1.sing(); s1.sleep(); Teacher t1=new Teacher("jack"); t1.eat(); t1.sing(); t1.sleep(); t1.paint(); Painter p1=(Painter)t1; p1.paint(); p1.eat(); } }
输出:
student is singing
student is sleeping
teacher is eating
teacher is singing
teacher is sleeping
teacher is painting
teacher is painting
teacher is eating