前面我们所举的例子中都是单文档界面框架,也就是说这个窗口里面的客户区就是一个文档界面,可以编写程序在里面输入或者绘制文本和图形输出,但是不能有出现多个文档的情况。比如下面的UltraEdit就是一个典型的多文档界面,他可以同时编辑多个文档,每个文档还可以最大化,最小化等等,我们今天就来看看多文档的基本框架是怎么实现的。
多文档界面的框架创建需要几下几步。
- 主框架窗口创建
主框架窗的创建跟普通的窗口没有什么区别,就是自己注册一个类并用该类创建一个重叠窗口,这个可以用CreateWindow/CreateWindowEx函数完成,主框架窗口可以用自己的菜单和状态栏。
- 客户区窗口创建
客户区创建的创建同样用你CreateWindow,但需要指定类为“MDICLIENT”,用这个类会创建多文档的客户区窗口。或者采用CreateWindowEx函数,指定扩展风格为WS_EX_MDICHILD。客户区不需要菜单和状态栏。
- 视图窗口创建
创建工作或者视图窗口作为实际文档窗口,这个也是需要自己注册类并创建自己需要的视图窗口。视图窗口可以有自己的菜单,一般不需要状态栏。当视图窗口激活时,主窗口的菜单需要替换成视图窗口的菜单,因为这个时候往往是对视图窗口进行操作,菜单替换也是理所当然的。菜单设置通过WM_MDISETMENU消息完成。该消息定义如下:
SendMessage(hWndControl, WM_MDISETMENU, wParam, lParam)
wParam表示新框架窗口菜单,
lParam表示要设置的菜单句柄
OK,基本的API就这些,下面我们直接上demo程序来演示,由于视图一般是一个多文档的实例,所以demo代码中用类来存储视图,每一个视图就是一个类的实例:
主文件,该文件包括主框架窗口、客户窗口已经视图窗口调用:
#include <windows.h> #define CLIENT_WND_BGROUND #define IDM_FIRSTCHILD 1001
#define IDM_FILE_NEW 1002 HINSTANCE g_hInst;
TCHAR szMDIMainFrame[]= TEXT("MDI Main Frame");
TCHAR gszAppName[] = TEXT("MDI Demo");
HWND ghWndMDIClient;
HWND ghWndMainFrame;
HMENU ghMainFrameMenu; void CreateChildWndMenu(void);
HWND CreateDocView(HWND hParentWnd, HINSTANCE hInstance);
static LRESULT CALLBACK MainFrameProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); #ifdef CLIENT_WND_BGROUND
static WNDPROC pfOrigClientWndProc;
LRESULT CALLBACK ClientWndSubClassProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch(uMsg)
{
case WM_ERASEBKGND:
{
RECT rect;
HDC hDC = (HDC)wParam;
GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect);
HBRUSH hbr = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(, , ));
HBRUSH holdbr = (HBRUSH)SelectObject(hDC, hbr);
FillRect(hDC, &rect, hbr);
SelectObject(hDC, holdbr);
DeleteObject(hbr);
}
return TRUE;
default:
break;
} return CallWindowProc(pfOrigClientWndProc, hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
#endif HMENU CreateMainFrameMenu(void)
{
//主框架菜单
HMENU hMenu = CreateMenu(); //文件菜单
HMENU hFileMenu = CreateMenu();
AppendMenu(hFileMenu, MF_STRING, IDM_FILE_NEW, TEXT("&New"));
AppendMenu(hMenu, MF_POPUP, (UINT_PTR)hFileMenu, TEXT("&File")); return hMenu;
} int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd)
{
MSG msg;
WNDCLASSEX wndclass = {}; wndclass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = MainFrameProc;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
wndclass.hIcon = NULL;
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
wndclass.lpszClassName = szMDIMainFrame;
if(!RegisterClassEx(&wndclass))
{
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"), gszAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
return ;
}
g_hInst = hInstance; ghMainFrameMenu = CreateMainFrameMenu();
CreateChildWndMenu(); //Create the main MDI frame window
ghWndMainFrame = CreateWindow(szMDIMainFrame,
gszAppName,
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_CLIPCHILDREN,
CW_USEDEFAULT, // allows system choose an x position
CW_USEDEFAULT, // allows system choose a y position
,
,
NULL, // handle to parent window
ghMainFrameMenu,// handle to menu
hInstance, // handle to the instance of module
NULL); // Long pointer to a value to be passed to the window through the
ShowWindow(ghWndMainFrame, SW_SHOW);
UpdateWindow(ghWndMainFrame); while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, , ))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg) ;
DispatchMessage(&msg) ;
} return msg.wParam ;
} LRESULT CALLBACK MainFrameProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch(message)
{
case WM_CREATE:
{
CLIENTCREATESTRUCT ccs;
ccs.hWindowMenu = NULL;
ccs.idFirstChild = IDM_FIRSTCHILD;
ghWndMDIClient = CreateWindow(TEXT("MDICLIENT"), NULL,
WS_CHILD | WS_CLIPCHILDREN | WS_VISIBLE,
, , , , hWnd, NULL,
g_hInst, (void *)&ccs);
#ifdef CLIENT_WND_BGROUND
pfOrigClientWndProc = (WNDPROC)SetWindowLong(ghWndMDIClient, GWL_WNDPROC, (LONG)ClientWndSubClassProc);
#endif
}
return ; case WM_COMMAND:
switch(LOWORD(wParam))
{
case IDM_FILE_NEW:
CreateDocView(ghWndMDIClient, g_hInst);
return ;
}
break; case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage();
return ;
} return DefFrameProc(hWnd, ghWndMDIClient, message, wParam, lParam);
}
下面是视图窗口,每个视图窗口由一个类来描述,本文仅仅是一个demo,只有实例化一个视图窗口作为演示:
#include <windows.h> #define IDM_EDIT_COPY 1003
#define IDM_EDIT_PASTE 1004 class CViewInfo
{
public:
CViewInfo(HINSTANCE hInst);
~CViewInfo();
HWND CreateViewWindow(HWND hParentWnd);
private:
HINSTANCE m_hInst;
HWND m_hWndView;
}; static TCHAR szViewWndName[] = TEXT("View Window");
static CViewInfo *g_pSystemInfo;
static HMENU ghChildWndMenu;
extern HMENU ghMainFrameMenu; CViewInfo::CViewInfo(HINSTANCE hInst)
{
m_hWndView = NULL;
m_hInst = hInst;
} CViewInfo::~CViewInfo()
{
m_hWndView = NULL;
} LRESULT CALLBACK ViewWindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch(message)
{
case WM_MDIACTIVATE:
{
HWND hWndClient = GetParent(hWnd);
HWND hWndFrame = GetParent(hWndClient); HMENU hMenu = GetSubMenu(ghChildWndMenu, );
if (lParam == (LPARAM)hWnd)
{
SendMessage(hWndClient, WM_MDISETMENU, (WPARAM)ghChildWndMenu, (LPARAM)hMenu);
EnableMenuItem(ghChildWndMenu, IDM_EDIT_COPY, MF_GRAYED);
} // Set the framewindow menu if losing focus
if (lParam != (LPARAM)hWnd)
{
SendMessage(hWndClient, WM_MDISETMENU, (WPARAM)ghMainFrameMenu, (LPARAM)NULL);
} // call DrawMenuBar after the menu items are set
DrawMenuBar(hWndFrame); return ;
} case WM_CLOSE:
delete g_pSystemInfo;
break; case WM_DESTROY:
return ;
} return DefMDIChildProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam); //Frame window calls DefFrameProc rather than DefWindowProc
} HWND CViewInfo::CreateViewWindow(HWND hParentWnd)
{
WNDCLASSEX wcDoc;
wcDoc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
wcDoc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wcDoc.lpfnWndProc = ViewWindowProc;
wcDoc.cbClsExtra = ;
wcDoc.cbWndExtra = ;
wcDoc.hInstance = m_hInst;
wcDoc.hIcon = NULL;
wcDoc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wcDoc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
wcDoc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wcDoc.lpszClassName = szViewWndName;
wcDoc.hIconSm = NULL; if(!RegisterClassEx(&wcDoc))
{
DWORD dw_LastError = GetLastError();
if(ERROR_CLASS_ALREADY_EXISTS != dw_LastError)
{
return ;
}
} m_hWndView = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_MDICHILD, szViewWndName,
TEXT("New view"), , CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, , ,
hParentWnd, NULL, m_hInst, NULL); return m_hWndView;
} HWND CreateDocView(HWND hParentWnd, HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
HWND hView; g_pSystemInfo = new CViewInfo(hInstance);
hView = g_pSystemInfo->CreateViewWindow(hParentWnd);
if (hView == NULL)
{
delete g_pSystemInfo;
g_pSystemInfo = NULL;
} return hView;
} void CreateChildWndMenu(void)
{
//View菜单
ghChildWndMenu = CreateMenu(); //编辑菜单
HMENU hEditMenu = CreateMenu();
AppendMenu(hEditMenu, MF_STRING, IDM_EDIT_COPY, TEXT("&Copy"));
AppendMenu(hEditMenu, MF_STRING, IDM_EDIT_PASTE, TEXT("&Paste"));
AppendMenu(ghChildWndMenu, MF_POPUP, (UINT_PTR)hEditMenu, TEXT("&Edit"));
}
本实例运行后,界面如下:
选择File->New新建一个视图后demo程序如下,可以看到菜单编程视图的菜单:
最大化后可以看到视图窗口和填满客户窗口:
虽然本程序只实现了一个视图的实例,但是再增加一个是很容易的,只要想办法在菜单中调用CreateDocView函数,并且正确处理对象指针即可。实例并没有增加状态栏,因为这个对多文档并不是必须的,要增加的读者可以参考前面的创建Toolbar和Statusbar一文。
本实例实现了一个基本的多文档窗口框架,读者朋友可以在此基础上加上工具栏、状态栏、视图窗口创建对类的处理,多实例以及具体的需求,完成实用化的多文档界面。
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