kubernetes快速入门12-dashboard

2022-08-03 18:12:42

kubernetes快速入门12-dashboard

更多信息请参考：https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard

安装

# 安装
k8s@node01:~$ kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.3/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created

此yaml应用后会创建一个名为kubernetes-dashboard的名称空间，recommended.yaml中创建的资源都放在此名称空间中

k8s@node01:~$ kubectl get pod -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper-6b4884c9d5-74pmh   1/1     Running   0          9m13s
kubernetes-dashboard-7f99b75bf4-zgqbh        1/1     Running   0          9m13s
k8s@node01:~$ kubectl get svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.102.153.202   <none>        8000/TCP   9m20s
kubernetes-dashboard        ClusterIP   10.97.71.212     <none>        443/TCP    9m20s
k8s@node01:~$ kubectl get deploy -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                        READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper   1/1     1            1           9m27s
kubernetes-dashboard        1/1     1            1           9m27s
k8s@node01:~$ kubectl get rs -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                                   DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper-6b4884c9d5   1         1         1       9m46s
kubernetes-dashboard-7f99b75bf4        1         1         1       9m46s

service是以ClusterIP方式工作，要想访问web界面需要在集群内使用集群IP地址访问，可以在master节点上做代理，也可以直接修改service，让其以NodePort方式工作

k8s@node01:~$ kubectl patch svc kubernetes-dashboard -p ‘{"spec":{"type":"NodePort"}}‘ -n kubernetes-dashboard
k8s@node01:~$ kubectl get svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.100.214.241   <none>        8000/TCP        30m
kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    10.100.173.162   <none>        443:31477/TCP   30m

使用浏览器访问

kubernetes快速入门12-dashboard

提供了两种认证方式。

基于token认证

创建认证token的流程：

  1. 创建ServiceAccount用户，dashboard需要使用ServiceAccount用户
  2. 把ServiceAccount用户基于名为cluster-admin的clusterrole和名为cluster-admin的clusterrolebinding进行绑定
  3. 获取token，登陆dashboard
# 创建serviceaccount用户
k8s@node01:~$ kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-cluster-user -n kubernetes-dashboard
# 相对应的资产清单文件为
k8s@node01:~$ kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-cluster-user -n kubernetes-dashboard -o yaml --dry-run=client
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  name: dashboard-cluster-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
k8s@node01:~$ kubectl get serviceaccount -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                     SECRETS   AGE
dashboard-cluster-user   1         18m
default                  1         67m
kubernetes-dashboard     1         67m

# 绑定角色
k8s@node01:~$ kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-cluster-role-bind --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kubernetes-dashboard:dashboard-cluster-user
# 相对应的资产清单文件为
k8s@node01:~$ kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-cluster-role-bind --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kubernetes-dashboard:dashboard-cluster-user -o yaml --dry-run=client
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  name: dashboard-cluster-role-bind
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: dashboard-cluster-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

k8s@node01:~$ kubectl get clusterrolebinding
NAME                                                   ROLE                                                                               AGE
cluster-admin                                          ClusterRole/cluster-admin                                                          8d
dashboard-cluster-role-bind                            ClusterRole/cluster-admin                                                          50s
...

# 授权后会自动生成相应的secret资源对象
k8s@node01:~$ kubectl get secret -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                                 TYPE                                  DATA   AGE
dashboard-cluster-user-token-xvmh9   kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      6m53s
...

# 获取token
k8s@node01:~$ kubectl describe secret dashboard-cluster-user-token-xvmh9 -n kubernetes-dashboard
Name:         dashboard-cluster-user-token-xvmh9
Namespace:    kubernetes-dashboard
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: dashboard-cluster-user
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 68a06d95-b200-4a7f-953b-bd512a9961dc

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt:     1025 bytes
namespace:  20 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6Ino3XzB5Rk5FT1ROTmNTSi1ydVZiNWJ3aDlzckxndDk4bzd6dE81anRIVGsifQ.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.SWdsI8spBeWLKiANxp1RNF_KAHD_Hfd913fKNpergi83jwO6ZwvVwXSg8INMvGDoqPFSPsPkW2_l8U2bEP65vqkcrQxTFnkaJ94z45oVfMiVLsbOq6RbOTi7uHsA1wBCXKk1c5yI3Mw8KpX30vKsGTvEL_FIsgm1M6bQ9X-X2MgiZr9PFR3cTwvwHBjmbQXD9oNbwIJwY2yJv87lnE6EvrKp_Nyf_l4BfPDBIn3cyiQA0WCj910yJN13UVtkP1mtwyWANASGF-BH3vkUHFtvLaxnMQsEUEQJZdFex_osyqNV06-JrR6lseXPRBK7GngVdUqDhRbX-ldSxfik-lizvA

把此token复制粘贴到登陆界面就可登陆管理k8s集群。

基于kubeconfig认证

基于上边创建的名为dashboard-cluster-user的serviceaccount的用户，再让其可以使用kubeconfig方式登陆

# 创建需要管理的集群
k8s@node01:~$ sudo kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes01 --server="https://192.168.101.40:6443" --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.key --kubeconfig=/home/k8s/def-cluster-adm.conf

# token定义为一个变量，方便后边引用
k8s@node01:~$ TOKEN_TMP=eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6Ino3XzB5Rk5FT1ROTmNTSi1ydVZiNWJ3aDlzckxndDk4bzd6dE81anRIVGsifQ.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.SWdsI8spBeWLKiANxp1RNF_KAHD_Hfd913fKNpergi83jwO6ZwvVwXSg8INMvGDoqPFSPsPkW2_l8U2bEP65vqkcrQxTFnkaJ94z45oVfMiVLsbOq6RbOTi7uHsA1wBCXKk1c5yI3Mw8KpX30vKsGTvEL_FIsgm1M6bQ9X-X2MgiZr9PFR3cTwvwHBjmbQXD9oNbwIJwY2yJv87lnE6EvrKp_Nyf_l4BfPDBIn3cyiQA0WCj910yJN13UVtkP1mtwyWANASGF-BH3vkUHFtvLaxnMQsEUEQJZdFex_osyqNV06-JrR6lseXPRBK7GngVdUqDhRbX-ldSxfik-lizvA
# 使用token信息创建用户
k8s@node01:~$ sudo kubectl config --kubeconfig=/home/k8s/def-cluster-adm.conf  set-credentials dashboard-cluster-user --token=$TOKEN_TMP

# 创建上下文
k8s@node01:~$ sudo kubectl config --kubeconfig=/home/k8s/def-cluster-adm.conf set-context dashboard-cluster-user@kubernetes01 --cluster=kubernetes01 --user=dashboard-cluster-user

# 设置当前使用的集群
k8s@node01:~$ sudo kubectl config --kubeconfig=/home/k8s/def-cluster-adm.conf use-context dashboard-cluster-user@kubernetes01
Switched to context "dashboard-cluster-user@kubernetes01".

# 查看配置文件
k8s@node01:~$ sudo cat def-cluster-adm.conf
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority: /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.key
    server: https://192.168.101.40:6443
  name: kubernetes01
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: kubernetes01
    user: dashboard-cluster-user
  name: dashboard-cluster-user@kubernetes01
current-context: dashboard-cluster-user@kubernetes01
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: dashboard-cluster-user
  user:
    token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6Ino3XzB5Rk5FT1ROTmNTSi1ydVZiNWJ3aDlzckxndDk4bzd6dE81anRIVGsifQ.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLWRhc2hib2FyZCIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VjcmV0Lm5hbWUiOiJkYXNoYm9hcmQtY2x1c3Rlci11c2VyLXRva2VuLXh2bWg5Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZXJ2aWNlLWFjY291bnQubmFtZSI6ImRhc2hib2FyZC1jbHVzdGVyLXVzZXIiLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiI2OGEwNmQ5NS1iMjAwLTRhN2YtOTUzYi1iZDUxMmE5OTYxZGMiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6a3ViZXJuZXRlcy1kYXNoYm9hcmQ6ZGFzaGJvYXJkLWNsdXN0ZXItdXNlciJ9.SWdsI8spBeWLKiANxp1RNF_KAHD_Hfd913fKNpergi83jwO6ZwvVwXSg8INMvGDoqPFSPsPkW2_l8U2bEP65vqkcrQxTFnkaJ94z45oVfMiVLsbOq6RbOTi7uHsA1wBCXKk1c5yI3Mw8KpX30vKsGTvEL_FIsgm1M6bQ9X-X2MgiZr9PFR3cTwvwHBjmbQXD9oNbwIJwY2yJv87lnE6EvrKp_Nyf_l4BfPDBIn3cyiQA0WCj910yJN13UVtkP1mtwyWANASGF-BH3vkUHFtvLaxnMQsEUEQJZdFex_osyqNV06-JrR6lseXPRBK7GngVdUqDhRbX-ldSxfik-lizvA

现在就可把def-cluster-adm.conf文件复制到需要登陆dashboard界面的主机上选择使用Kubeconfig的方式加载该配置文件进行认证登陆。

这里创建的dashboard-cluster-user这个serviceaccount绑定的是名为cluster-admin这个clusterrole资源，是属于集群级别的管理，也就是登陆dashboard后进行的管理是针对整个集群的所有名称空间里的所有资源进行管理，权限是非常大的。如果想进行更加精细的管理，让用户只能对指定的名称空间里的资源进行管理，那在进行角色绑定时就不能绑定cluster-admin这个集群角色，而应该绑定一个名称为admin的角色，以下边操作为例子：

# 创建一个serviceaccount，计划用户只能管理default名称空间里的资源
k8s@node01:~$ kubectl create serviceaccount def-default-adm -n default
# 使用rolebinding绑定角色
k8s@node01:~$ kubectl create rolebinding def-default-adm --clusterrole=admin --serviceaccount=default:def-default-adm
# 获取token
k8s@node01:~$ kubectl get secret
NAME                          TYPE                                  DATA   AGE
def-default-adm-token-kmgmd   kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      2m54s
default-token-ndclg           kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      9d
ingress-https                 kubernetes.io/tls                     2      3d8h
mysa-token-fq592              kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      27h
mysql-password                Opaque                                1      2d
k8s@node01:~$ kubectl describe secret def-default-adm-token-kmgmd
Name:         def-default-adm-token-kmgmd
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: def-default-adm
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 69c14246-1eae-4325-bdca-1cb6a8ac6699

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6Ino3XzB5Rk5FT1ROTmNTSi1ydVZiNWJ3aDlzckxndDk4bzd6dE81anRIVGsifQ.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6ImRlZi1kZWZhdWx0LWFkbS10b2tlbi1rbWdtZCIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJkZWYtZGVmYXVsdC1hZG0iLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiI2OWMxNDI0Ni0xZWFlLTQzMjUtYmRjYS0xY2I2YThhYzY2OTkiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6ZGVmYXVsdDpkZWYtZGVmYXVsdC1hZG0ifQ.r052yuiDiIuMTmaI42LCOoPB-ZykzW65jF5UPcqi7cuusN7gBhey3COLg-ovJsj4FkJLTL2sGUduNhquB7BJT7hN7JVz0Y96XV5pV33FLCbvUHeJKn6gXdVUDqb9UH81iiE6aFXOEFZ58BtSYEfc7ebfFmozolJdbTIlOC_5Yd0pZrVTeWdgL7a8tnwihNfQqREouL0vHFBfEYFm_O-nAUk5cRULr8CRa88IGi4Cp6E293YwHPGuyiIh68ksyEKlFVDFiZFULrYjA3xXm6QqVB8B0mNXAty1c-qvq-P5ZkMtO6Hd0uzkSSWHXeYDBv2gT2-b-s7nih8fy4Ih1_G6Fw
ca.crt:     1025 bytes
namespace:  7 bytes

这个token登陆dashboad就只能管理default名称空间的资源。

如果要想删除一个已创建的用户可以使用以下命令

$ sudo kubectl --kubeconfig=/home/k8s/def-cluster-adm.conf config unset users.用户名称

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