Future接口是Java标准API的一部分，在java.util.concurrent包中。Future接口是Java线程Future模式的实现，可以来进行异步计算。
有了Future就可以进行三段式的编程了，1.启动多线程任务2.处理其他事3.收集多线程任务结果。从而实现了非阻塞的任务调用。在途中遇到一个问题，那就是虽然能异步获取结果，但是Future的结果需要通过isdone来判断是否有结果，或者使用get()函数来阻塞式获取执行结果。这样就不能实时跟踪其他线程的结果状态了，所以直接使用get还是要慎用，最好配合isdone来使用。如果直接使用get来获取结果, get是阻塞操作, 相当于获取结果仍然是同步.因此在获取结果的时候需要注意.
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future; /**
* 多线程执行，异步获取结果
*
* @author i-clarechen
*
*/
public class AsyncThread { public static void main(String[] args) {
AsyncThread t = new AsyncThread();
List<Future<String>> futureList = new ArrayList<Future<String>>();
t.generate(3, futureList);
t.doOtherThings();
t.getResult(futureList);
} /**
* 生成指定数量的线程，都放入future数组
*
* @param threadNum
* @param fList
*/
public void generate(int threadNum, List<Future<String>> fList) {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threadNum);
for (int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++) {
Future<String> f = service.submit(getJob(i));
fList.add(f);
}
service.shutdown();
} /**
* other things
*/
public void doOtherThings() {
try {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
System.out.println("do thing no:" + i);
Thread.sleep(1000 * (new Random().nextInt(10)));
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} /**
* 从future中获取线程结果，打印结果
*
* @param fList
*/
public void getResult(List<Future<String>> fList) {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
service.execute(getCollectJob(fList));
service.shutdown();
} /**
* 生成指定序号的线程对象
*
* @param i
* @return
*/
public Callable<String> getJob(final int i) {
final int time = new Random().nextInt(10);
return new Callable<String>() {
@Override
public String call() throws Exception {
Thread.sleep(1000 * time);
return "thread-" + i;
}
};
} /**
* 生成结果收集线程对象
*
* @param fList
* @return
*/
public Runnable getCollectJob(final List<Future<String>> fList) {
return new Runnable() {
public void run() {
for (Future<String> future : fList) {
try {
while (true) {
if (future.isDone() && !future.isCancelled()) {
System.out.println("Future:" + future
+ ",Result:" + future.get());
break;
} else {
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
};
} }
优化获取方式:
List<Object> results = null;
int retryLimit = 3;
long delay = 10;
int tryTime = 0;
for(Future future : futures)
do {
try {
//此处原理:
results = future.get();
} catch (Exception e) {
results = null;
}
tryTime++;
if (results == null) {
try {
Thread.sleep(delay << tryTime);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
} while (results == null && tryTime < retryLimit);
}
return results;运行结果打印和future放入列表时的顺序一致，为0，1，2：
do thing no:0
do thing no:1
do thing no:2
Future:java.util.concurrent.FutureTask@68e1ca74,Result:thread-0
Future:java.util.concurrent.FutureTask@3fb2bb77,Result:thread-1
Future:java.util.concurrent.FutureTask@6f31a24c,Result:thread-2
使用CompletionService，它内部添加了阻塞队列，从而获取future中的值，然后根据返回值做对应的处理
下面是先执行完的线程先处理的方案：
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletionService;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorCompletionService;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque; public class testCallable {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
completionServiceCount();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} /**
* 使用completionService收集callable结果
* @throws ExecutionException
* @throws InterruptedException
*/
public static void completionServiceCount() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
CompletionService<Integer> completionService = new ExecutorCompletionService<Integer>(
executorService);
int threadNum = 5;
for (int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++) {
completionService.submit(getTask(i));
}
int sum = 0;
int temp = 0;
for(int i=0;i<threadNum;i++){
temp = completionService.take().get();
sum += temp;
System.out.print(temp + "\t");
}
System.out.println("CompletionService all is : " + sum);
executorService.shutdown();
} public static Callable<Integer> getTask(final int no) {
final Random rand = new Random();
Callable<Integer> task = new Callable<Integer>() {
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
int time = rand.nextInt(100)*100;
System.out.println("thead:"+no+" time is:"+time);
Thread.sleep(time);
return no;
}
};
return task;
}
}
运行结果为最先结束的线程结果先被处理：
thead:0 time is:4200
thead:1 time is:6900
thead:2 time is:2900
thead:3 time is:9000
thead:4 time is:7100
2 0 1 4 3 CompletionService all is : 10