文章目录
1、任务一
不使用C++标准库,自行设计并实现一个复数类Complex,使其满足如下要求:
- 数据成员
用来表示复数的实部real和虚部imag,实部、虚部,均为小数形式。 - 函数成员
- 构造函数
支持以下方式定义复数对象:Complex c1; // 不带参数 Complex c2(3); // 只有一个参数,相当于3 + 0i Complex c3(3, 4); // 两个参数,相当于3 + 4i Complex c4(c3); // 用c3构造c4
- 成员函数
- get_real() 返回复数实部
- get_imag() 返回复数虚部
- show() 用于输出复数。要求以 3 + 4i , 3 - 4i 这样的形式输出
- add() 用于把一个复数加到自身,比如 c1.add(c2) ,相当于 c1 += c2
- 构造函数
- 友元函数
- add() 用于实现两个复数相加,返回复数。比如 c3 = add(c1, c2);
- is_equal() 用于判断两个复数是否相等,返回true/false。比如 is_equal(c1, c2)
- abs() 用于对复数进行取模运算
将类Complex的定义及友元函数实现,单独保存在文件Complex.hpp中。
使用ComplexTest.cpp中的代码,测试类Complex的各项接口是否正确。
Complex.hpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
class Complex
{
private:
double a;
double b;
public:
Complex();
Complex(double a);
Complex(double a, double b);
Complex(const Complex &complex_temp);
~Complex();
double get_real() const;
double get_imag() const;
void show() const ;
void add(Complex complex_temp);
Complex add(const Complex complex_temp) const;
bool equal(const Complex complex_temp) const;
double abs(const Complex complex1) const;
friend Complex add(const Complex complex1, const Complex complex2);
friend bool is_equal(const Complex complex1, const Complex complex2);
friend double abs(const Complex complex_temp);
};
Complex::Complex()
{
}
Complex::Complex(double a) : a{a}
{
}
Complex::Complex(double a, double b) : a{a}, b{b}
{
}
Complex::Complex(const Complex &complex_temp) : a{complex_temp.a}, b{complex_temp.b}
{
}
Complex::~Complex()
{
}
double Complex::get_real() const
{
return a;
}
double Complex::get_imag() const
{
return b;
}
void Complex::show() const
{
std::cout << a << " + " << b << "i";
}
void Complex::add(Complex complex_temp)
{
a += complex_temp.a;
b += complex_temp.b;
}
Complex Complex::add(const Complex complex_temp) const
{
return Complex(a + complex_temp.get_real(), b + complex_temp.get_imag());
}
bool Complex::equal(const Complex complex_temp) const
{
if(a == complex_temp.get_real() && b == complex_temp.get_imag()){
return true;
}
return false;
}
double Complex::abs(const Complex complex_temp) const
{
return sqrt(pow(complex_temp.get_imag(), 2) + pow(complex_temp.get_real(), 2));
}
Complex add(const Complex complex1, const Complex complex2);
bool is_equal(const Complex complex1, const Complex complex2);
double abs(const Complex complex_temp);
Complex add(const Complex complex1, const Complex complex2){
complex1.add(complex2);
return complex1;
}
bool is_equal(const Complex complex1, const Complex complex2){
return complex1.equal(complex2);
}
double abs(const Complex complex_temp){
return(complex_temp.abs(complex_temp));
}
ComplexTest.cpp
#include "Complex.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
int main(){
using namespace std;
Complex c1(5, -4);
const Complex c2(5.5);
Complex c3(c1);
cout << "c1 = ";
c1.show();
cout << endl;
cout << "c2 = ";
c2.show();
cout << endl;
cout << "c2.imag = " << c2.get_imag() << endl;
cout << "c3 = ";
c3.show();
cout << endl;
cout << "abs(c1) = ";
cout << abs(c1) << endl;
cout << boolalpha;
cout << "c1 == c3 : " << is_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;
Complex c4;
c4 = add(c1, c2);
cout << "c4 = c1 + c2 = ";
c4.show();
cout << endl;
c1.add(c2);
cout << "c1 += c2, " << "c1 = ";
c1.show();
cout << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
运行结果:
2、任务二
设计并实现一个用户类User,并在主函数中使用和测试这个类。具体要求如下:
- 数据成员
每个用户有用户名(name)、密码(passwd)、联系邮箱(email)三个属性。
还有一个类属性,用于记录用户总数n。 - 函数成员
- 构造函数
如果定义用户对象时未设置密码和邮箱,密码默认为6个1,联系邮箱默认为空串。User u1("Mary"); // 密码和邮箱,使用默认设置 User u2("John", "112233", "xyz@gmail.com")
- 成员函数
- set_email()
设置邮箱。提示用户从键盘输入邮箱。 - change_passwd()
修改密码。修改密码前,要求先输入旧的密码,验证无误后,才允许修改;如果输入旧
密码时,连续三次输入错误,则提示用户稍后再试,暂时退出修改密码程序。 - print_info()
打印用户名、密码、联系邮箱。其中,密码以6个*方式显示。
- set_email()
User类的定义和实现,保存在文件User.hpp中:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class User
{
private:
string name;
string passwd;
string email;
static int count;
public:
User();
User(string name);
User(string name, string passwd, string email);
~User();
static void print_count();
void set_email();
void change_passwd();
void print_info();
};
int User::count = 0;
void User::print_count(){
cout << "\nthere are " << count << "users\n";
}
User::User()
{
this->name = "无";
this->passwd = "666666";
this->email = "666666@qq.com";
this->count++;
}
User::User(string name) : name{name}
{
this->passwd = "666666";
this->email = "666666@qq.com";
this->count++;
}
User::User(string name, string passwd, string email) : name{name}, passwd{passwd}, email{email}
{
this->count++;
}
User::~User()
{
this->count++;
}
void User::set_email()
{
string email_temp;
string passwd_temp;
cout << "\nDear " << name << "~" << "\nCheck password: ";
cin >> passwd_temp;
while (passwd_temp != passwd)
{
cout << "password input error. Please re-enter again: ";
cin >> passwd_temp;
}
cout << "Enter email address: ";
cin >> email_temp;
this->email = email_temp;
cout << "email is set successfully...\n";
}
void User::change_passwd()
{
string passwd_temp;
cout << "\nDear " << name << "~" << "\nEnter old password: ";
cin >> passwd_temp;
while (passwd_temp != passwd)
{
cout << "password input error. Please re-enter again: ";
cin >> passwd_temp;
}
cout << "Enter new passwd: ";
cin >> passwd_temp;
this->passwd = passwd_temp;
cout << "passwd changed successfully\n";
}
void User::print_info()
{
cout << "\n用户名:" << name << "\n密码:******" << "\n邮箱:" << email << endl;
}
User类的使用和测试,保存在文件UserTest.cpp中:
#include "Complex.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
int main(){
using namespace std;
Complex c1(5, -4);
const Complex c2(5.5);
Complex c3(c1);
cout << "c1 = ";
c1.show();
cout << endl;
cout << "c2 = ";
c2.show();
cout << endl;
cout << "c2.imag = " << c2.get_imag() << endl;
cout << "c3 = ";
c3.show();
cout << endl;
cout << "abs(c1) = ";
cout << abs(c1) << endl;
cout << boolalpha;
cout << "c1 == c3 : " << is_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;
Complex c4;
c4 = add(c1, c2);
cout << "c4 = c1 + c2 = ";
c4.show();
cout << endl;
c1.add(c2);
cout << "c1 += c2, " << "c1 = ";
c1.show();
cout << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
运行结果:
实验总结
const的用法,以及构造函数、初始化列表、友元函数。
加深对面向对象中封装的理解