自己定义View一直是横在Android开发人员面前的一道坎。
一、View和ViewGroup的关系
从View和ViewGroup的关系来看。ViewGroup继承View。
View的子类。多是功能型的控件。提供绘制的样式,比方imageView,TextView等。而ViewGroup的子类,多用于管理控件的大小,位置。如LinearLayout,RelativeLayout等。从下图能够看出
从实际应用中看,他们又是组合关系,我们在布局中,经常是一个ViewGroup嵌套多个ViewGroup或View。而被嵌套的ViewGroup又会嵌套多个ViewGroup或View
例如以下
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二、View的绘制流程
从View源代码来看,主要关系三个方法:
流程: 流程 measure --> layout --> draw
相应于我们要实现的方法是
实际绘制中。我们的思考顺序通常是这种:
-->onLayout
()
-->onDraw ()-->canvas的绘制
以下是我绘制的流程图:
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以下以自己定义滑动按钮为例,说明自己定义View的绘制流程
我们期待实现这种效果:
拖动或点击按钮,开关向右滑动,变成
当中开关能随着手指的触摸滑动到相应位置。直到最后才固定在开关位置上
新建一个类继承自View,实现其两个构造方法
public class SwitchButtonView extends View { public SwitchButtonView(Context context) {
this(context, null);
} public SwitchButtonView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
}
drawable资源中加入这两张图片
借此,我们能够用onMeasure()确定这个控件的大小
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { mSwitchButton = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.switch_background);
mSlideButton = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.slide_button_background);
setMeasuredDimension(mSwitchButton.getWidth(), mSwitchButton.getHeight());
}
这个控件并不须要控制其摆放位置,略过onLayout();
接下来onDraw()确定其形状。
但我们须要依据我们点击控件的不同行为来确定形状,这须要重写onTouchEvent()
当中的逻辑是:
当按下时。触发事件MotionEvent.Action_Down。若此时状态为关:
(1)若手指触摸点(通过event.getX()得到)在按钮的 中线右側,按钮向右滑动一段距离(event.getX()与开关控件一半宽度之差,详细看下文源代码)
(2)若手指触摸点在按钮中线左側,按钮依然处于最左(即“关”的状态)。
若此时状态为开:
(1)若手指触摸点在按钮中线左側,按钮向左滑动一段距离
(2)若手指触摸点在按钮中线右側,按钮依然处于最右(即“开”的状态)
当滑动时。触发时间MotionEvent.Action_MOVE,逻辑与按下时一致
注意,onTouchEvent()须要设置返回值 为 Return true,否则无法响应滑动事件
当手指收起时。若开关中线位于整个控件中线左側,设置状态为关。反之,设置为开。
详细源代码例如以下所看到的:(还对外提供了一个暴露此时开关状态的接口)
自己定义View部分
package com.lian.switchtogglebutton; import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.View; /**
* Created by lian on 2016/3/20.
*/
public class SwitchButtonView extends View { private static final int STATE_NULL = 0;//默认状态
private static final int STATE_DOWN = 1;
private static final int STATE_MOVE = 2;
private static final int STATE_UP = 3; private Bitmap mSlideButton;
private Bitmap mSwitchButton;
private Paint mPaint = new Paint();
private int buttonState = STATE_NULL;
private float mDistance;
private boolean isOpened = false;
private onSwitchListener mListener; public SwitchButtonView(Context context) {
this(context, null);
} public SwitchButtonView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
} @Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { mSwitchButton = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.switch_background);
mSlideButton = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.slide_button_background);
setMeasuredDimension(mSwitchButton.getWidth(), mSwitchButton.getHeight());
} @Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
if (mSwitchButton!= null){
canvas.drawBitmap(mSwitchButton, 0, 0, mPaint);
}
//buttonState的值在onTouchEvent()中确定
switch (buttonState){
case STATE_DOWN:
case STATE_MOVE:
if (!isOpened){
float middle = mSlideButton.getWidth() / 2f;
if (mDistance > middle) {
float max = mSwitchButton.getWidth() - mSlideButton.getWidth();
float left = mDistance - middle;
if (left >= max) {
left = max;
}
canvas.drawBitmap(mSlideButton,left,0,mPaint);
} else { canvas.drawBitmap(mSlideButton,0,0,mPaint);
}
}else{
float middle = mSwitchButton.getWidth() - mSlideButton.getWidth() / 2f;
if (mDistance < middle){
float left = mDistance-mSlideButton.getWidth()/2f;
float min = 0;
if (left < 0){
left = min;
}
canvas.drawBitmap(mSlideButton,left,0,mPaint);
}else{
canvas.drawBitmap(mSlideButton,mSwitchButton.getWidth()-mSlideButton.getWidth(),0,mPaint);
}
} break; case STATE_NULL:
case STATE_UP:
if (isOpened){
Log.d("开关","开着的");
canvas.drawBitmap(mSlideButton,mSwitchButton.getWidth()-mSlideButton.getWidth(),0,mPaint);
}else{
Log.d("开关","关着的");
canvas.drawBitmap(mSlideButton,0,0,mPaint);
}
break; default:
break;
} } @Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { switch (event.getAction()){
case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
mDistance = event.getX();
Log.d("DOWN","按下");
buttonState = STATE_DOWN;
invalidate();
break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
buttonState = STATE_MOVE;
mDistance = event.getX();
Log.d("MOVE","移动");
invalidate();
break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
mDistance = event.getX();
buttonState = STATE_UP;
Log.d("UP","起开");
if (mDistance >= mSwitchButton.getWidth() / 2f){
isOpened = true;
}else {
isOpened = false;
}
if (mListener != null){
mListener.onSwitchChanged(isOpened);
}
invalidate();
break;
default:
break;
} return true;
} public void setOnSwitchListener(onSwitchListener listener){
this.mListener = listener;
} public interface onSwitchListener{
void onSwitchChanged(boolean isOpened);
}
}
DemoActivity:
package com.lian.switchtogglebutton; import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.widget.Toast; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); SwitchButtonView switchButtonView = (SwitchButtonView) findViewById(R.id.switchbutton);
switchButtonView.setOnSwitchListener(new SwitchButtonView.onSwitchListener() {
@Override
public void onSwitchChanged(boolean isOpened) {
if (isOpened) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "打开", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}else {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "关闭", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
});
}
}
布局:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context="com.lian.switchtogglebutton.MainActivity"> <com.lian.switchtogglebutton.SwitchButtonView
android:id="@+id/switchbutton"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
/>
</RelativeLayout>