前言
因为开发需要在应用内部实现wifi连接,结合网上的资料,实现连接wifi的还是比较简单,但是对于连接匿名wifi,却鲜有提及,所以在此分享下。
基本使用
首先介绍下wifi开发相关的一些基础概念和工具类等,如果对wifi已经有过接触的同学可以直接跳过看下一节。
1.权限
Android中要使用系统功能一般都要申请权限,这里wifi需要的权限有
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< uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE" />
< uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE" />
< uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
< uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />
< uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" /> // 需要系统权限 [定位权限]
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因为可以利用wifi进行定位,所以这里需要申请定位权限,在6.0以上设备,定位权限需要主动申请。
2.API
类名 | 功能 |
---|---|
WifiManager | wifi统一管理类,进行各种wifi操作 |
WifiInfo | 描述当前连接的wifi热点信息 |
WifiConfiguration | wifi网络配置信息 |
ScanResult | 描述扫描出的wifi热点的信息 |
WifiManager类是framework层暴露的api,用来管理wifi。
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val mWifiManager = mContext.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE) as WifiManager |
通过他可以得到:1.已经配置的网络列表。2.当前连接的wifi。3.扫描到的wifi。4.以及一些常量表示广播的意图等
ScanResult类用于存放wifi扫描结果信息,主要有以下内容:
属性 | 描述 |
---|---|
SSID | 描述wifi热点的名称,就是大家搜索到的直接名称,如ChinaNet |
BSSID | 姑且理解成热点的mac地址,但实际有所不同 |
networkID | 数字型的id |
level | 描述wifi信号强弱的值,值是负数,绝对值越小,信号越强 |
capabilities | 如加密方式,如WEP |
3.监听设备wifi状态的改变
wifi状态的改变是会导致广播事件的发生。
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val filter = IntentFilter() filter.addAction(WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION) //监听wifi状态改变
filter.addAction(WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION) //监听扫描到wifi列表改变
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private val mReceiver = object : BroadcastReceiver() {
override fun onReceive(context: Context, intent: Intent) {
val action = intent.action
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(action)) return
when (action) {
WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION -> {
}
WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION -> {
}
}
}
}
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WifiManager之中有当前状态的enum类型,可以看下表:
名称 | 描述 |
---|---|
WIFI_STATE_DISABLING | wifi正在关闭 |
WIFI_STATE_DISABLED | wifi关闭 |
WIFI_STATE_ENABLING | wifi正在开启 |
WIFI_STATE_ENABLED | wifi开启 |
WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN | wifi未知 |
连接普通wifi
连接wifi我大致分为以下几步:
- 获取想要连接WiFi热点的SSID、加密方式信息,和用户输入的密码
- 根据上述信息来创建wifiConfigruation对象
- 调用WifiManager的方法,传入wifiConfigruation,完成wifi连接
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public static void connectNewWifi(Context mContext, WifiConfiguration wifiConfiguration) {
WifiManager wifiManager = (WifiManager) mContext.getApplicationContext().getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
int networkId = wifiManager.addNetwork(wifiConfiguration);
wifiManager.enableNetwork(networkId, true );
}
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所以重点是怎样创建wifiConfigruation,不同的加密方式的wifi,创建过程也不太一样:
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public WifiConfiguration createWifiConfig(String SSID, @WifiCipherType int wifiCipherType, String password) {
WifiConfiguration wifiConfiguration = new WifiConfiguration();
wifiConfiguration.SSID = convertToQuotedString(SSID);
switch (wifiCipherType) {
case WifiCipherType.SECURITY_NONE:
wifiConfiguration.allowedKeyManagement.set(WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.NONE);
break ;
case WifiCipherType.SECURITY_WEP:
wifiConfiguration.allowedKeyManagement.set(KeyMgmt.NONE);
wifiConfiguration.allowedAuthAlgorithms.set(AuthAlgorithm.OPEN);
wifiConfiguration.allowedAuthAlgorithms.set(AuthAlgorithm.SHARED);
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(password)) {
int length = password.length();
// WEP-40, WEP-104, and 256-bit WEP (WEP-232?)
if ((length == 10 || length == 26 || length == 58 )
&& password.matches( "[0-9A-Fa-f]*" )) {
wifiConfiguration.wepKeys[ 0 ] = password;
} else {
wifiConfiguration.wepKeys[ 0 ] = ‘"‘ + password + ‘"‘ ;
}
}
break ;
case WifiCipherType.SECURITY_PSK:
wifiConfiguration.allowedKeyManagement.set(KeyMgmt.WPA_PSK);
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(password)) {
if (password.matches( "[0-9A-Fa-f]{64}" )) {
wifiConfiguration.preSharedKey = password;
} else {
wifiConfiguration.preSharedKey = ‘"‘ + password + ‘"‘ ;
}
}
break ;
case WifiCipherType.SECURITY_EAP:
wifiConfiguration.allowedKeyManagement.set(KeyMgmt.WPA_EAP);
wifiConfiguration.allowedKeyManagement.set(KeyMgmt.IEEE8021X);
wifiConfiguration.enterpriseConfig = new WifiEnterpriseConfig();
int eapMethod = 0 ;
int phase2Method = 0 ;
wifiConfiguration.enterpriseConfig.setEapMethod(eapMethod);
wifiConfiguration.enterpriseConfig.setPhase2Method(phase2Method);
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(password)) {
wifiConfiguration.enterpriseConfig.setPassword(password);
}
break ;
default :
break ;
}
return wifiConfiguration;
}
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至此wifi就连接完成了,然后可以在广播中获取连接结果。相应的wifi配置信息会被保存在/data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf中:
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network={ ssid= "test"
psk= "88888888"
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
disabled= 1
id_str= "%7B%22creatorUid%22%3A%221000%22%2C%22configKey%22%3A%22%5C%22test%5C%22WPA_PSK%22%7D"
} |
连接匿名wifi
匿名wifi相较于普通wifi,不同之处在于不会广播其SSID,所以就不能被直接扫描到,需要我们输入wifi的SSID来主动进行扫描,先来看下匿名wifi的配置信息:
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network={ ssid= "test2" scan_ssid= 1 bssid= 56 : 28 :f8:fa:f8:a0
psk= "44444444" key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
disabled= 1 id_str= "%7B%22creatorUid%22%3A%221000%22%2C%22configKey%22%3A%22%5C%22test2%5C%22WPA_PSK%22%7D"
} |
可以看到,多了一个scan_ssid属性,查看WifiConfiguration,确实有一个属性可以设置
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/** * This is a network that does not broadcast its SSID, so an
* SSID-specific probe request must be used for scans.
*/
public boolean hiddenSSID;
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所以在创建WifiConfiguration的时候多设置下这个属性就行了:
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configuration.hiddenSSID = true |