javascript之DOM

文档对象模型(Document Object Model,DOM)是一种用于HTML和XML文档的编程接口。它给文档提供了一种结构化的表示方法,可以改变文档的内容和呈现方式。我们最为关心的是,DOM把网页和脚本以及其他的编程语言联系了起来。DOM属于浏览器,而不是JavaScript语言规范里的规定的核心内容。

一、元素查找

  1、直接查找

 document.getElementById             根据ID获取一个标签
document.getElementsByName 根据name属性获取标签集合
document.getElementsByClassName 根据class属性获取标签集合
document.getElementsByTagName 根据标签名获取标签集合

  2、间接查找

 parentNode          // 父节点
childNodes // 所有子节点
firstChild // 第一个子节点
lastChild // 最后一个子节点
nextSibling // 下一个兄弟节点
previousSibling // 上一个兄弟节点 parentElement // 父节点标签元素
children // 所有子标签
firstElementChild // 第一个子标签元素
lastElementChild // 最后一个子标签元素
nextElementtSibling // 下一个兄弟标签元素
previousElementSibling // 上一个兄弟标签元素

二、操作

  1、内容

 innerText   文本
outerText
innerHTML HTML内容
innerHTML
value 值

  2、属性

 attributes                // 获取所有标签属性
setAttribute(key,value) // 设置标签属性
getAttribute(key) // 获取指定标签属性 /*
var atr = document.createAttribute("class");
atr.nodeValue="democlass";
document.getElementById('n1').setAttributeNode(atr);
*/

  3、class操作

 className                // 获取所有类名
classList.remove(cls) // 删除指定类
classList.add(cls) // 添加类

  4、标签操作

 a.创建标签
// 方式一
var tag = document.createElement('a')
tag.innerText = "wupeiqi"
tag.className = "c1"
tag.href = "http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi" // 方式二
var tag = "<a class='c1' href='http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi'>wupeiqi</a>"
b.操作标签
// 方式一
var obj = "<input type='text' />";
xxx.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeEnd",obj);
xxx.insertAdjacentElement('afterBegin',document.createElement('p')) //注意:第一个参数只能是'beforeBegin'、 'afterBegin'、 'beforeEnd'、 'afterEnd' // 方式二
var tag = document.createElement('a')
xxx.appendChild(tag)
xxx.insertBefore(tag,xxx[1])

  5、样式操作

 var obj = document.getElementById('i1')

 obj.style.fontSize = "32px";
obj.style.backgroundColor = "red";

  6、位置操作

 总文档高度
document.documentElement.offsetHeight 当前文档占屏幕高度
document.documentElement.clientHeight 自身高度
tag.offsetHeight 距离上级定位高度
tag.offsetTop 父定位标签
tag.offsetParent 滚动高度
tag.scrollTop /*
clientHeight -> 可见区域:height + padding
clientTop -> border高度
offsetHeight -> 可见区域:height + padding + border
offsetTop -> 上级定位标签的高度
scrollHeight -> 全文高:height + padding
scrollTop -> 滚动高度
特别的:
document.documentElement代指文档根节点
*/

  7、提交表单

 document.geElementById('form').submit()

  8、其他操作

 console.log                 输出框
alert 弹出框
confirm 确认框 // URL和刷新
location.href 获取URL
location.href = "url" 重定向
location.reload() 重新加载 // 定时器
setInterval 多次定时器
clearInterval 清除多次定时器
setTimeout 单次定时器
clearTimeout 清除单次定时器

三、事件

  javascript之DOM

  对于事件需要注意的要点:

  • this
  • event
  • 事件链以及跳出

  this标签当前正在操作的标签,event封装了当前事件的内容。

实例:

 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8' />
<title></title> <style>
.gray{
color:gray;
}
.black{
color:black;
}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
function Enter(){
var id= document.getElementById("tip")
id.className = 'black';
if(id.value=='请输入关键字'||id.value.trim()==''){
id.value = ''
}
}
function Leave(){
var id= document.getElementById("tip")
var val = id.value;
if(val.length==0||id.value.trim()==''){
id.value = '请输入关键字'
id.className = 'gray';
}else{
id.className = 'black';
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input type='text' class='gray' id='tip' value='请输入关键字' onfocus='Enter();' onblur='Leave();'/>
</body>
</html>

搜索框

 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8' >
<title>欢迎blue shit莅临指导&nbsp;&nbsp;</title>
<script type='text/javascript'>
function Go(){
var content = document.title;
var firstChar = content.charAt(0)
var sub = content.substring(1,content.length)
document.title = sub + firstChar;
}
setInterval('Go()',1000);
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

跑马灯

 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.style_before {
color: lightgrey;
}
.style_after {
color: black;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>爱好</h3>
<div>
<ul id="i1">
<li><input type="checkbox" value="">篮球</li>
<li><input type="checkbox" value="">足球</li>
<li><input type="checkbox" value="">乒乓球</li>
</ul>
</div>
<button onclick="Cheakall()">全选</button>
<button onclick="Cancleall()">取消全选</button>
<button onclick="Reversall()">反选</button>
<script>
function Cheakall() {
var i1 = document.getElementById("i1");
var cheak = i1.getElementsByTagName("input");
for (i=0;i<cheak.length;i++) {
cheak[i].checked = true;
}
}
function Cancleall() {
var i1 = document.getElementById("i1");
var cheak = i1.getElementsByTagName("input");
for (i=0;i<cheak.length;i++) {
cheak[i].checked = false;
}
}
function Reversall() {
var i1 = document.getElementById("i1");
var cheak = i1.getElementsByTagName("input");
for (i=0;i<cheak.length;i++) {
if (cheak[i].checked) {
cheak[i].checked = false;
}else {
cheak[i].checked = true;
}
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

全选与反选

 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.hide {
display: none;
}
.c1 {
position: fixed;
top: 0;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
background: rgba(0,0,0,.6);
z-index: 2;
}
.c2 {
position: fixed;
width: 400px;
height: 300px;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
z-index: 3;
margin-top: -150px;
margin-left: -200px;
background-color: white;
text-align: center;
padding-top: 150px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div><input type="button" value="登录" onclick="hihi()"></div>
<div id="cc1" class="c1 hide"></div>
<div id="cc2" class="c2 hide">
<div>用户名:<input type="text"></div>
<div>密 码:<input type="text"></div>
<input type="button" value="确定">
<input type="button" value="取消" onclick="hisl()">
</div> <script>
function hihi() {
document.getElementById("cc1").classList.remove("hide");
document.getElementById("cc2").classList.remove("hide");
}
function hisl() {
document.getElementById("cc1").classList.add("hide");
document.getElementById("cc2").classList.add("hide");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

静态对话框

 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
body{
margin: 0;
background-color: #dddddd;
}
.w{
margin: 0 auto;
width: 980px;
}
.pg-header{
background-color: black;
color: white;
height: 48px;
}
.pg-body .menu{
position: absolute;
left: 200px;
width: 180px;
background-color: white;
float: left;
}
.pg-body .menu .active{
background-color: #425a66;
color: white;
}
.pg-body .fixed{
position: fixed;
top: 10px;
}
.pg-body .content{
position: absolute;
left: 385px;
right: 200px;
background-color: white;
float: left;
}
.pg-body .content .item{
height: 900px;
}
</style> </head>
<body onscroll="Hua();">
<div class="pg-header">
<div class="w"></div>
</div>
<div class="pg-body">
<div id="menu" class="menu">
<ul>
<li>第一章</li>
<li>第二章</li>
<li>第三章</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="content" class="content">
<div class="item">床前明月管</div>
<div class="item">疑是地上霜</div>
<div class="item" style="height: 100px">我是郭德纲</div>
</div>
</div> <script>
function Hua() {
var xo = document.getElementById("menu");
var huaGao = document.body.scrollTop;
if (document.body.scrollTop>48){
xo.classList.add("fixed");
}else {
xo.classList.remove("fixed");
} var bod = document.body.offsetHeight;
var conAbs = document.getElementsByClassName("content")[0].offsetHeight;
var ck = document.documentElement.clientHeight;
// console.log((bod + conAbs) == (ck + huaGao));
if ((bod + conAbs) == (ck + huaGao)) {
var lenLi = xo.getElementsByTagName("li");
for (var i=0;i<lenLi.length;i++){
if (i == lenLi.length - 1){
lenLi[i].className = "active";
}else {
lenLi[i].className = "";
}
}
return
} var item = document.getElementById("content").children;
for (var i=0;i<item.length;i++){
var currentItem = item[i];
var currentItemBodyTop = currentItem.offsetTop + currentItem.offsetParent.offsetTop;
var currentItemWindowTop = currentItemBodyTop - huaGao; var currentHeight = currentItem.offsetHeight;
var bottomHeight = currentItemBodyTop + currentHeight; var ziJi = xo.getElementsByTagName("li")[i];
if (currentItemWindowTop<0 && huaGao < bottomHeight){
ziJi.className = "active";
} else {
ziJi.className = "";
} }
} </script>
</body>
</html>

书签与章节

 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
ul{
list-style: none;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
ul li{
float: left;
background-color: #2459a2;
color: white;
padding: 8px 10px;
}
.clearfix:after{
display: block;
content: '.';
height: 0;
visibility: hidden;
clear: both;
}
.hide{
display: none;
}
.tab-menu .title{
background-color: #dddddd;
}
.tab-menu .title .active{
background-color: #0099dd;
color: black;
}
.tab-menu .content{
border: 1px solid #dddddd;
min-height: 150px;
}
ul li:hover {
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div style="width: 400px; margin: 0 auto;">
<div class="tab-menu">
<div class="title clearfix">
<ul>
<li target="h1" class="active" onclick="Show(this);">索尼</li>
<li target="h2" onclick="Show(this);">谷歌</li>
<li target="h3" onclick="Show(this);">腾讯</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="content" class="content">
<div con="h1">1...</div>
<div con="h2" class="hide">2...</div>
<div con="h3" class="hide">3...</div>
</div>
</div>
</div> <script>
function Show(ths) {
var Showli = ths;
var littarget = Showli.getAttribute("target");
var liclass = Showli.parentNode.children;
for (var i=0;i<liclass.length;i++) {
if (liclass[i].getAttribute("target") == littarget) {
liclass[i].classList.add("active");
}else {
liclass[i].classList.remove("active");
}
}
var liycontent = document.getElementById("content").children;
for (var i=0;i<liycontent.length;i++) {
if (liycontent[i].getAttribute("con") == littarget) {
liycontent[i].className = "";
}else {
liycontent[i].className = "hide";
}
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

菜单

 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.go-top {
position: fixed;
right: 28px;
bottom: 19px;
width: 38px;
height: 40px;
background-color: aliceblue;
}
.hide {
display: none;
}
</style>
</head>
<body onscroll="Func();">
<div style="height: 2000px"></div>
<div id="i2" class="go-top hide">
<a onclick="GoTop();">返回顶部</a>
</div>
<script>
function Func() {
var scrolltop = document.body.scrollTop;
var ii = document.getElementById("i2");
if (scrolltop>300) {
ii.classList.remove("hide");
}else {
ii.classList.add("hide");
}
}
function GoTop() {
document.body.scrollTop = 0;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

返回顶部

 

上一篇:Java并发之BlockingQueue 阻塞队列(ArrayBlockingQueue、LinkedBlockingQueue、DelayQueue、PriorityBlockingQueue、SynchronousQueue)


下一篇:JavaScript之Style属性学习