英语,语法.情态动词

情态动词 词义&用法 注意事项 特殊用法
can could 1.表具备某种能力 Can表现在能力;Could表示过去能力.可用be able to代替;was/were able to 表示成功做了某事 (1)表惊异、怀疑、不相信、不耐烦等。(此意常用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句语气)Can/Could this be true? (2)can not…too\enough表示"无论怎样``````也不过分","越``````越好": You can't be too careful. 你越细心越好
2.表请求和允许 ①请求用could 语气委婉 ②答语不用 could.
3.表“可能性” ① can用于否定和疑问句(could不限) ② can (be)表示有时候会(常与sometimes, at times 连用)
may might 1.表请求和允许 ①请求用might语气更委婉。 ②允许时用may,表示“可以”(表示允许时不用might)。 (1)may/might well+V原形:表"完全可能,,很可能"= be very likely to:He may well be proud for his son. (2)may/might as well+V原形:"最好,蛮可以,倒不如" You may as well stay here over night.
2.表可能性“也许” 此意常用于肯定句。(might可能最小)
3表祝愿 固定句型为“May+主语+V原型”: May you succeed。
must 1.表“必须” ① must多表主观、现在/将来义务; have to多表客观、过去义务 ② mustn't表"禁止";否定用needn't / don't have to (1)表示必然结果: All men must die.人固有一死。 (2)表示一种与说话人愿望相反、不耐烦的感情色彩,可译为“一定要、偏偏、非要”: If you must know, her name is Mary.
2.表推测:“肯定是、准是” 只用于肯定句。在否定句/疑问句中用can/could
will would 1.表意愿,决心等 Would此时为will过去式,无意义差别 (1)will表命令(说话者确定命令一定会得到执行)或允诺:You will report to me afterwards.(命令)They will get enough money from me.(允诺) (2)可用于祈使句附加疑问句(反义疑问句):(此时would比will委婉) Don’t go now, will you? (3)would短语:would rather/would prefer宁愿;would like/would love喜欢/想要(见注意①)
2.表经常性,习惯性,倾向性, Would表过去反复的动作/某种倾向(相对于used to无“现已无此习惯”之义。)
3.表功能,性质 叙述真理:The tree will live without water for 3 months.
4.表估计:“想必,大概”(只时态区别) 此意表对目前事物的预料。That will be the postman ringing.(would表示过去/现在;will表示现在/将来)
5.表“请求/要求” (Will you?) 此意用于疑问句,常与you连用 Will you give me a piece of paper?
shall (shan’t) 1.表征求意见(“好不好”) 用在第一、三人称Shall the reporters wait outside or what? 点2其他示例: He shall have the book when I finish reading.(允诺) You shall fail if you don't work harder.(警告) You shall come at once.(命令)
2.表允诺、威胁、警告、命令或根据规定有义务做 用于第二、第三人称 Passengers shall not talk with the driver while the bus is moving
3.表规章、法令、预言:“必须” 用于所有人称 Every competitor shall wear a number
should ought to 1.表示道义上的责任,义务或要求, 有时表示劝告:You ought to /should pay more attention to what your lawyer says. (1)should 用于疑问句中表示说话人对某事不能理解,惋惜,感到意外,赞叹,愤怒、惊异等感情,意为“竟会”,有时也用于陈述句中 (2)Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句,表示一件事听起来可能性很小,但也不是完全没有可能,相当于“万一”的意思。(见注意②)
2.表示推测和可能性,是“ (按理说)应该”之意 肯定的语气没有must用于推测时强 This pen ought to /should be yours.
3.表示说话人的一种谦逊,客气,委婉的语气 此意常用于第一人称时: You are mistaken , I should say . (依我看你是搞错了)
上一篇:What are the benefits of using Dependency Injection and IoC Containers?


下一篇:Java-NIO