情态动词
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词义&用法
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注意事项
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特殊用法
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can
could
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1.表具备某种能力
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Can表现在能力;Could表示过去能力.可用be able to代替;was/were able to 表示成功做了某事
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(1)表惊异、怀疑、不相信、不耐烦等。(此意常用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句语气)Can/Could this be true?
(2)can not…too\enough表示"无论怎样``````也不过分","越``````越好":
You can't be too careful.
你越细心越好
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2.表请求和允许
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①请求用could 语气委婉
②答语不用 could.
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3.表“可能性”
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① can用于否定和疑问句(could不限)
② can (be)表示有时候会(常与sometimes, at times 连用)
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may
might
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1.表请求和允许
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①请求用might语气更委婉。
②允许时用may,表示“可以”(表示允许时不用might)。
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(1)may/might well+V原形:表"完全可能,,很可能"= be very likely to:He may well be proud for his son.
(2)may/might as well+V原形:"最好,蛮可以,倒不如"
You may as well stay here over night.
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2.表可能性“也许”
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此意常用于肯定句。(might可能最小)
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3表祝愿
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固定句型为“May+主语+V原型”:
May you succeed。
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must
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1.表“必须”
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① must多表主观、现在/将来义务; have to多表客观、过去义务
② mustn't表"禁止";否定用needn't / don't have to
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(1)表示必然结果:
All men must die.人固有一死。
(2)表示一种与说话人愿望相反、不耐烦的感情色彩,可译为“一定要、偏偏、非要”:
If you must know, her name is Mary.
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2.表推测:“肯定是、准是”
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只用于肯定句。在否定句/疑问句中用can/could
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will
would
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1.表意愿,决心等
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Would此时为will过去式,无意义差别
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(1)will表命令(说话者确定命令一定会得到执行)或允诺:You will report to me afterwards.(命令)They will get enough money from me.(允诺)
(2)可用于祈使句附加疑问句(反义疑问句):(此时would比will委婉) Don’t go now, will you?
(3)would短语:would rather/would prefer宁愿;would like/would love喜欢/想要(见注意①)
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2.表经常性,习惯性,倾向性,
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Would表过去反复的动作/某种倾向(相对于used to无“现已无此习惯”之义。)
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3.表功能,性质
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叙述真理:The tree will live
without water for 3 months.
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4.表估计:“想必,大概”(只时态区别)
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此意表对目前事物的预料。That will be the postman ringing.(would表示过去/现在;will表示现在/将来)
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5.表“请求/要求”
(Will you?)
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此意用于疑问句,常与you连用
Will you give me a piece of paper?
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shall
(shan’t)
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1.表征求意见(“好不好”)
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用在第一、三人称Shall the reporters wait outside or what?
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点2其他示例:
He shall have the book when I finish reading.(允诺)
You shall fail if you don't work harder.(警告)
You shall come at once.(命令)
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2.表允诺、威胁、警告、命令或根据规定有义务做
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用于第二、第三人称
Passengers shall not talk with the driver while the bus is moving
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3.表规章、法令、预言:“必须”
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用于所有人称
Every competitor shall wear a number
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should
ought to
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1.表示道义上的责任,义务或要求,
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有时表示劝告:You ought to /should pay more attention to what your lawyer says.
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(1)should 用于疑问句中表示说话人对某事不能理解,惋惜,感到意外,赞叹,愤怒、惊异等感情,意为“竟会”,有时也用于陈述句中
(2)Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句,表示一件事听起来可能性很小,但也不是完全没有可能,相当于“万一”的意思。(见注意②)
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2.表示推测和可能性,是“ (按理说)应该”之意
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肯定的语气没有must用于推测时强
This pen ought to /should be yours.
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3.表示说话人的一种谦逊,客气,委婉的语气
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此意常用于第一人称时:
You are mistaken , I should say . (依我看你是搞错了)
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