pt-online-schema-change
名字:pt-online-schema-change - ALTER tables without locking them. 在线改表
下载地址:
https://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-toolkit/3.0.12/binary/redhat/6/x86_64/percona-toolkit-3.0.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-toolkit/LATEST/pt-online-schema-change.html#downloading
官方文档:https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-toolkit/LATEST/pt-online-schema-change.html
1.首先了解一下pt-online-schema-change工作原理,其实原理很简单
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1、如果存在外键,根据alter-foreign-keys-method参数的值,检测外键相关的表,做相应设置的处理。没有使用 --alter-foreign-keys-method 指定特定的值,该工具不予执行
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2、创建一个新的表,表结构为修改后的数据表,用于从源数据表向新表中导入数据。
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3、创建触发器,用于记录从拷贝数据开始之后,对源数据表继续进行数据修改的操作记录下来,用于数据拷贝结束后,执行这些操作,保证数据不会丢失。如果表中已经定义了触发器这个工具就不能工作了。
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4、拷贝数据,从源数据表中拷贝数据到新表中。
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5、修改外键相关的子表,根据修改后的数据,修改外键关联的子表。
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6、rename源数据表为old表,把新表rename为源表名,并将old表删除。
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7、删除触发器。
2.使用方法:
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pt-online-schema-change [OPTIONS] DSN
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具体说下 OPTIONS 的一些常用的参数:
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复制代码
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--user:
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-u,连接的用户名
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--password:
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-p,连接的密码
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--database:
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-D,连接的数据库
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--port
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-P,连接数据库的端口
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--host:
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-h,连接的主机地址
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--socket:
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-S,连接的套接字文件
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--ask-pass
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隐式输入连接MySQL的密码
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--charset
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指定修改的字符集
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--defaults-file
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-F,读取配置文件
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--alter:
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结构变更语句,不需要alter table关键字。可以指定多个更改,用逗号分隔。如下场景,需要注意:
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不能用RENAME来重命名表。
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列不能通过先删除,再添加的方式进行重命名,不会将数据拷贝到新列。
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如果加入的列非空而且没有默认值,则工具会失败。即其不会为你设置一个默认值,必须显示指定。
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删除外键(drop foreign key constrain_name)时,需要指定名称_constraint_name,而不是原始的constraint_name。
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如:CONSTRAINT `fk_foo` FOREIGN KEY (`foo_id`) REFERENCES `bar` (`foo_id`),需要指定:--alter "DROP FOREIGN KEY _fk_foo"
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--alter-foreign-keys-method
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如何把外键引用到新表?需要特殊处理带有外键约束的表,以保证它们可以应用到新表.当重命名表的时候,外键关系会带到重命名后的表上。
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该工具有两种方法,可以自动找到子表,并修改约束关系。
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auto: 在rebuild_constraints和drop_swap两种处理方式中选择一个。
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rebuild_constraints:使用 ALTER TABLE语句先删除外键约束,然后再添加.如果子表很大的话,会导致长时间的阻塞。
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drop_swap: 执行FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0,禁止外键约束,删除原表,再重命名新表。这种方式很快,也不会产生阻塞,但是有风险:
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1, 在删除原表和重命名新表的短时间内,表是不存在的,程序会返回错误。
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2, 如果重命名表出现错误,也不能回滚了.因为原表已经被删除。
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none: 类似"drop_swap"的处理方式,但是它不删除原表,并且外键关系会随着重命名转到老表上面。
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--[no]check-alter
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默认yes,语法解析。配合--dry-run 和 --print 一起运行,来检查是否有问题(change column,drop primary key)。
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--max-lag
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默认1s。每个chunk拷贝完成后,会查看所有复制Slave的延迟情况。要是延迟大于该值,则暂停复制数据,直到所有从的滞后小于这个值,使用Seconds_Behind_Master。如果有任何从滞后超过此选项的值,则该工具将睡眠--check-interval指定的时间,再检查。如果从被停止,将会永远等待,直到从开始同步,并且延迟小于该值。如果指定--check-slave-lag,该工具只检查该服务器的延迟,而不是所有服务器。
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--check-slave-lag
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指定一个从库的DSN连接地址,如果从库超过--max-lag参数设置的值,就会暂停操作。
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--recursion-method
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默认是show processlist,发现从的方法,也可以是host,但需要在从上指定report_host,通过show slave hosts来找到,可以指定none来不检查Slave。
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METHOD USES
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=========== ==================
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processlist SHOW PROCESSLIST
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hosts SHOW SLAVE HOSTS
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dsn=DSN DSNs from a table
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none Do not find slaves
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指定none则表示不在乎从的延迟。
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--check-interval
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默认是1。--max-lag检查的睡眠时间。
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--[no]check-plan
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默认yes。检查查询执行计划的安全性。
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--[no]check-replication-filters
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默认yes。如果工具检测到服务器选项中有任何复制相关的筛选,如指定binlog_ignore_db和replicate_do_db此类。发现有这样的筛选,工具会报错且退出。因为如果更新的表Master上存在,而Slave上不存在,会导致复制的失败。使用–no-check-replication-filters选项来禁用该检查。
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--[no]swap-tables
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默认yes。交换原始表和新表,除非你禁止--[no]drop-old-table。
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--[no]drop-triggers
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默认yes,删除原表上的触发器。 --no-drop-triggers 会强制开启 --no-drop-old-table 即:不删除触发器就会强制不删除原表。
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--new-table-name
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复制创建新表的名称,默认%T_new。
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--[no]drop-new-table
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默认yes。删除新表,如果复制组织表失败。
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--[no]drop-old-table
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默认yes。复制数据完成重命名之后,删除原表。如果有错误则会保留原表。
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--max-load
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默认为Threads_running=25。每个chunk拷贝完后,会检查SHOW GLOBAL STATUS的内容,检查指标(thread)是否超过了指定的阈值。如果超过,则先暂停。这里可以用逗号分隔,指定多个条件,每个条件格式:status指标=MAX_VALUE或者status指标:MAX_VALUE。如果不指定MAX_VALUE,那么工具会指定其为当前值的120%。
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--critical-load
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默认为Threads_running=50。用法基本与--max-load类似,如果不指定MAX_VALUE,那么工具会指定其为当前值的200%。如果超过指定值,则工具直接退出,而不是暂停。
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--default-engine
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默认情况下,新的表与原始表是相同的存储引擎,所以如果原来的表使用InnoDB的,那么新表将使用InnoDB的。在涉及复制某些情况下,很可能主从的存储引擎不一样。使用该选项会默认使用默认的存储引擎。
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--set-vars
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设置MySQL变量,多个用逗号分割。默认该工具设置的是: wait_timeout=10000 innodb_lock_wait_timeout=1 lock_wait_timeout=60
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--chunk-size-limit
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当需要复制的块远大于设置的chunk-size大小,就不复制.默认值是4.0,一个没有主键或唯一索引的表,块大小就是不确定的。
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--chunk-time
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在chunk-time执行的时间内,动态调整chunk-size的大小,以适应服务器性能的变化,该参数设置为0,或者指定chunk-size,都可以禁止动态调整。
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--chunk-size
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指定块的大小,默认是1000行,可以添加k,M,G后缀.这个块的大小要尽量与--chunk-time匹配,如果明确指定这个选项,那么每个块就会指定行数的大小.
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--[no]check-plan
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默认yes。为了安全,检查查询的执行计划.默认情况下,这个工具在执行查询之前会先EXPLAIN,以获取一次少量的数据,如果是不好的EXPLAIN,那么会获取一次大量的数据,这个工具会多次执行EXPALIN,如果EXPLAIN不同的结果,那么就会认为这个查询是不安全的。
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--statistics
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打印出内部事件的数目,可以看到复制数据插入的数目。
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--dry-run
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创建和修改新表,但不会创建触发器、复制数据、和替换原表。并不真正执行,可以看到生成的执行语句,了解其执行步骤与细节。--dry-run与--execute必须指定一个,二者相互排斥。和--print配合最佳。
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--execute
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确定修改表,则指定该参数。真正执行。--dry-run与--execute必须指定一个,二者相互排斥。
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--print
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打印SQL语句到标准输出。指定此选项可以让你看到该工具所执行的语句,和--dry-run配合最佳。
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--progress
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复制数据的时候打印进度报告,二部分组成:第一部分是百分比,第二部分是时间。
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--quiet
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-q,不把信息标准输出。
3.安装
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下载最新的pt-online-schema-change
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[root@18c data]# wget https://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-toolkit/3.0.12/binary/redhat/6/x86_64/percona-toolkit-3.0.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
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安装
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[root@18c data]# rpm -ivh percona-toolkit-3.0.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
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warning: percona-toolkit-3.0.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID cd2efd2a: NOKEY
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error: Failed dependencies:
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perl(DBI) >= 1.13 is needed by percona-toolkit-3.0.12-1.el6.x86_64
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perl(DBD::mysql) >= 1.0 is needed by percona-toolkit-3.0.12-1.el6.x86_64
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perl(Time::HiRes) is needed by percona-toolkit-3.0.12-1.el6.x86_64
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perl(IO::Socket::SSL) is needed by percona-toolkit-3.0.12-1.el6.x86_64
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perl(Term::ReadKey) is needed by percona-toolkit-3.0.12-1.el6.x86_64
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安装相关的依赖包:
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[root@18c data]# yum install perl-TermReadKey.x86_64
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[root@18c data]# yum install perl-DBI
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[root@18c data]# yum install perl-DBD-MySQL
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[root@18c data]# yum install perl-Time-HiRes
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[root@18c data]# yum install perl-IO-Socket-SSL
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然后再次安装
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[root@18c data]# rpm -ivh percona-toolkit-3.0.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
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warning: percona-toolkit-3.0.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID cd2efd2a: NOKEY
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Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
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1:percona-toolkit ########################################### [100%]
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至此软件已经安装好,下面就通过测试来了解如何使用该工具
创建测试数据
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mysql> show databases;
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+--------------------+
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| Database |
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+--------------------+
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| information_schema |
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| mysql |
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| performance_schema |
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| sys |
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+--------------------+
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4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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mysql> create database test;
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Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
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mysql> use test;
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Database changed
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mysql> CREATE TABLE users (id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT ‘用户主键‘,name varchar(20) DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘用户名‘,PRIMARY KEY (id)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT=‘用户表‘;
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Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
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mysql> insert into users(name) values(‘test1‘),(‘test2‘),(‘test3‘);
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Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)
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Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
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mysql> show tables;
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+----------------+
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| Tables_in_test |
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+----------------+
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| users |
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+----------------+
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1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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mysql> select count(*) from users;
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+----------+
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| count(*) |
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+----------+
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| 3 |
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+----------+
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1 row in set (0.00 sec)
在正式使用之前,再次了解一下常用的几个参数:
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--nocheck-replication-filters :不检查复制过滤器,建议启用。
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--no-check-binlog-format : 不检查复制的binlog模式,要是binlog模式是ROW,则会报错。
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--replicate-check-only :只显示不同步的信息。
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--replicate= :把checksum的信息写入到指定表中,建议直接写到被检查的数据库当中。
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--chunk-size=50 Number of rows to select for each chunk copied. Allowable suffixes are k, M, G.默认1000
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--critical-load="Threads_running=600" 表示线程到600自动退出,默认值50
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--max-load="Threads_running=100" 表示线程到100暂停pt操作,默认25
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--progress=time,2 两秒打印一次日志输出
测试各种不同的场景
1.整理表碎片
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sql语句:alter table table_name engine=innodb
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pt执行语句,以下2种都可以
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(1)pt-online-schema-change --alter="engine innodb;" --execute D=test,t=users --no-check-replication-filters --max-load="Threads_running=100" --critical-load="Threads_running=120" --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --user=root --password=123 --charset=utf8 --progress=time,2 --chunk-size=100
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(2)pt-online-schema-change --alter="engine innodb;" --execute D=test,t=users,u=root,p=123,S=/tmp/mysql.sock --no-check-replication-filters --max-load="Threads_running=100" --critical-load="Threads_running=120" --charset=utf8 --progress=time,2 --chunk-size=100
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具体执行过程:
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[root@18c ~]# pt-online-schema-change --alter="engine innodb;" --execute D=test,t=users,u=root,p=123,S=/tmp/mysql.sock --no-check-replication-filters --max-load="Threads_running=100" --critical-load="Threads_running=120" --charset=utf8 --progress=time,2 --chunk-size=100
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No slaves found. See --recursion-method if host 18c has slaves.
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Not checking slave lag because no slaves were found and --check-slave-lag was not specified.
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Operation, tries, wait:
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analyze_table, 10, 1
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copy_rows, 10, 0.25
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create_triggers, 10, 1
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drop_triggers, 10, 1
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swap_tables, 10, 1
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update_foreign_keys, 10, 1
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Altering `test`.`users`...
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Creating new table...
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Created new table test._users_new OK.
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Altering new table...
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Altered `test`.`_users_new` OK.
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2018-12-06T13:28:05 Creating triggers...
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2018-12-06T13:28:05 Created triggers OK.
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2018-12-06T13:28:05 Copying approximately 3 rows...
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2018-12-06T13:28:05 Copied rows OK.
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2018-12-06T13:28:05 Analyzing new table...
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2018-12-06T13:28:05 Swapping tables...
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2018-12-06T13:28:05 Swapped original and new tables OK.
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2018-12-06T13:28:05 Dropping old table...
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2018-12-06T13:28:05 Dropped old table `test`.`_users_old` OK.
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2018-12-06T13:28:05 Dropping triggers...
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2018-12-06T13:28:05 Dropped triggers OK.
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Successfully altered `test`.`users`.
2.添加字段:
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(1)添加一个字段
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alter table users add age varchar(10) NOT NUll DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘性别‘;
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pt语句: pt-online-schema-change --alter="add age varchar(10) NOT NUll DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘性别‘ ;" --execute --print --max-lag=5 D=test,t=users,u=root,p=123,S=/tmp/mysql.sock --no-check-replication-filters --max-load="Threads_running=100" --critical-load="Threads_running=120" --charset=utf8 --chunk-size=100
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具体执行过程
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[root@18c ~]# pt-online-schema-change --alter="add age varchar(10) NOT NUll DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘性别‘ ;" --execute --print --max-lag=5 D=test,t=users,u=root,p=123,S=/tmp/mysql.sock --no-check-replication-filters --max-load="Threads_running=100" --critical-load="Threads_running=120" --charset=utf8 --chunk-size=100
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No slaves found. See --recursion-method if host 18c has slaves.
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Not checking slave lag because no slaves were found and --check-slave-lag was not specified.
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Operation, tries, wait:
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analyze_table, 10, 1
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copy_rows, 10, 0.25
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create_triggers, 10, 1
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drop_triggers, 10, 1
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swap_tables, 10, 1
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update_foreign_keys, 10, 1
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Altering `test`.`users`...
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Creating new table...
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CREATE TABLE `test`.`_users_new` (
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`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT ‘用户主键‘,
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`name` varchar(20) DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘用户名‘,
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PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
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) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT=‘用户表‘
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Created new table test._users_new OK.
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Altering new table...
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ALTER TABLE `test`.`_users_new` add age varchar(10) NOT NUll DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘æ?§å?«‘ ;
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Altered `test`.`_users_new` OK.
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2018-12-06T13:36:55 Creating triggers...
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2018-12-06T13:36:55 Created triggers OK.
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2018-12-06T13:36:55 Copying approximately 3 rows...
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INSERT LOW_PRIORITY IGNORE INTO `test`.`_users_new` (`id`, `name`) SELECT `id`, `name` FROM `test`.`users` LOCK IN SHARE MODE /*pt-online-schema-change 17461 copy table*/
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2018-12-06T13:36:55 Copied rows OK.
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2018-12-06T13:36:55 Analyzing new table...
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2018-12-06T13:36:55 Swapping tables...
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RENAME TABLE `test`.`users` TO `test`.`_users_old`, `test`.`_users_new` TO `test`.`users`
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2018-12-06T13:36:55 Swapped original and new tables OK.
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2018-12-06T13:36:55 Dropping old table...
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DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `test`.`_users_old`
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2018-12-06T13:36:55 Dropped old table `test`.`_users_old` OK.
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2018-12-06T13:36:55 Dropping triggers...
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DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `test`.`pt_osc_test_users_del`
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DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `test`.`pt_osc_test_users_upd`
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DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `test`.`pt_osc_test_users_ins`
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2018-12-06T13:36:55 Dropped triggers OK.
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Successfully altered `test`.`users`.
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(2)添加2个或多个字段
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sql语句:alter table users add column address varchar(100) default ‘‘ comment=‘地址‘ after age,add column telephone int default 0 comment=‘手机号码‘;
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pt语句:pt-online-schema-change --alter="add column address varchar(100) default ‘‘ comment ‘地址‘ after age,add column telephone int default 0 comment ‘手机号码‘ after address ;" --execute --print --max-lag=5 D=test,t=users,u=root,p=123,S=/tmp/mysql.sock --no-check-replication-filters --max-load="Threads_running=100" --critical-load="Threads_running=120" --charset=utf8 --chunk-size=100
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具体执行过程:
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[root@18c ~]# pt-online-schema-change --alter="add column address varchar(100) default ‘‘ comment ‘地址‘ after age,add column telephone int default 0 comment ‘手机号码‘ after address ;" --execute --print --max-lag=5 D=test,t=users,u=root,p=123,S=/tmp/mysql.sock --no-check-replication-filters --max-load="Threads_running=100" --critical-load="Threads_running=120" --charset=utf8 --chunk-size=100
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No slaves found. See --recursion-method if host 18c has slaves.
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Not checking slave lag because no slaves were found and --check-slave-lag was not specified.
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Operation, tries, wait:
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analyze_table, 10, 1
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copy_rows, 10, 0.25
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create_triggers, 10, 1
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drop_triggers, 10, 1
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swap_tables, 10, 1
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update_foreign_keys, 10, 1
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Altering `test`.`users`...
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Creating new table...
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CREATE TABLE `test`.`_users_new` (
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`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT ‘用户主键‘,
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`name` varchar(20) DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘用户名‘,
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`age` varchar(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘性别‘,
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PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
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) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT=‘用户表‘
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Created new table test._users_new OK.
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Altering new table...
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ALTER TABLE `test`.`_users_new` add column address varchar(100) default ‘‘ comment ‘å?°å??‘ after age,add column telephone int default 0 comment ‘æ??æ?ºå?·ç ?‘ after address ;
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Altered `test`.`_users_new` OK.
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2018-12-06T14:02:40 Creating triggers...
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2018-12-06T14:02:40 Created triggers OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:02:40 Copying approximately 3 rows...
-
INSERT LOW_PRIORITY IGNORE INTO `test`.`_users_new` (`id`, `name`, `age`) SELECT `id`, `name`, `age` FROM `test`.`users` LOCK IN SHARE MODE /*pt-online-schema-change 17584 copy table*/
-
2018-12-06T14:02:40 Copied rows OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:02:40 Analyzing new table...
-
2018-12-06T14:02:40 Swapping tables...
-
RENAME TABLE `test`.`users` TO `test`.`_users_old`, `test`.`_users_new` TO `test`.`users`
-
2018-12-06T14:02:40 Swapped original and new tables OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:02:40 Dropping old table...
-
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `test`.`_users_old`
-
2018-12-06T14:02:40 Dropped old table `test`.`_users_old` OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:02:40 Dropping triggers...
-
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `test`.`pt_osc_test_users_del`
-
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `test`.`pt_osc_test_users_upd`
-
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `test`.`pt_osc_test_users_ins`
-
2018-12-06T14:02:40 Dropped triggers OK.
-
Successfully altered `test`.`users`.
3.修改字段
-
sql语句:alter table users modify column address varchar(200) default ‘‘ comment ‘家庭住址‘;
-
pt语句: pt-online-schema-change --alter="modify column address varchar(200) default ‘‘ comment ‘家庭住址‘;" --execute --print --max-lag=5 D=test,t=users,u=root,p=123,S=/tmp/mysql.sock --no-check-replication-filters --max-load="Threads_running=100" --critical-load="Threads_running=120" --charset=utf8 --chunk-size=100
-
具体执行过程:
-
[root@18c ~]# pt-online-schema-change --alter="modify column address varchar(200) default ‘‘ comment ‘家庭住址‘;" --execute --print --max-lag=5 D=test,t=users,u=root,p=123,S=/tmp/mysql.sock --no-check-replication-filters --max-load="Threads_running=100" --critical-load="Threads_running=120" --charset=utf8 --chunk-size=100
-
No slaves found. See --recursion-method if host 18c has slaves.
-
Not checking slave lag because no slaves were found and --check-slave-lag was not specified.
-
Operation, tries, wait:
-
analyze_table, 10, 1
-
copy_rows, 10, 0.25
-
create_triggers, 10, 1
-
drop_triggers, 10, 1
-
swap_tables, 10, 1
-
update_foreign_keys, 10, 1
-
Altering `test`.`users`...
-
Creating new table...
-
CREATE TABLE `test`.`_users_new` (
-
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT ‘用户主键‘,
-
`name` varchar(20) DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘用户名‘,
-
`age` varchar(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘性别‘,
-
`address` varchar(100) DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘地址‘,
-
`telephone` int(11) DEFAULT ‘0‘ COMMENT ‘手机号码‘,
-
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
-
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT=‘用户表‘
-
Created new table test._users_new OK.
-
Altering new table...
-
ALTER TABLE `test`.`_users_new` modify column address varchar(200) default ‘‘ comment ‘家åºä½?å??‘;
-
Altered `test`.`_users_new` OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:08:57 Creating triggers...
-
2018-12-06T14:08:57 Created triggers OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:08:57 Copying approximately 3 rows...
-
INSERT LOW_PRIORITY IGNORE INTO `test`.`_users_new` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `address`, `telephone`) SELECT `id`, `name`, `age`, `address`, `telephone` FROM `test`.`users` LOCK IN SHARE MODE /*pt-online-schema-change 17607 copy table*/
-
2018-12-06T14:08:57 Copied rows OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:08:57 Analyzing new table...
-
2018-12-06T14:08:57 Swapping tables...
-
RENAME TABLE `test`.`users` TO `test`.`_users_old`, `test`.`_users_new` TO `test`.`users`
-
2018-12-06T14:08:57 Swapped original and new tables OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:08:57 Dropping old table...
-
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `test`.`_users_old`
-
2018-12-06T14:08:57 Dropped old table `test`.`_users_old` OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:08:57 Dropping triggers...
-
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `test`.`pt_osc_test_users_del`
-
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `test`.`pt_osc_test_users_upd`
-
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `test`.`pt_osc_test_users_ins`
-
2018-12-06T14:08:57 Dropped triggers OK.
-
Successfully altered `test`.`users`.
4.添加索引
-
sql语句:alter table users add index index_age(age);
-
pt语句:pt-online-schema-change --alter="add index index_age(age);" --execute --print --max-lag=5 D=test,t=users,u=root,p=123,S=/tmp/mysql.sock --no-check-replication-filters --max-load="Threads_running=100" --critical-load="Threads_running=120" --charset=utf8 --chunk-size=100
-
具体执行过程:
-
[root@18c ~]# pt-online-schema-change --alter="add index index_age(age);" --execute --print --max-lag=5 D=test,t=users,u=root,p=123,S=/tmp/mysql.sock --no-check-replication-filters --max-load="Threads_running=100" --critical-load="Threads_running=120" --charset=utf8 --chunk-size=100
-
No slaves found. See --recursion-method if host 18c has slaves.
-
Not checking slave lag because no slaves were found and --check-slave-lag was not specified.
-
Operation, tries, wait:
-
analyze_table, 10, 1
-
copy_rows, 10, 0.25
-
create_triggers, 10, 1
-
drop_triggers, 10, 1
-
swap_tables, 10, 1
-
update_foreign_keys, 10, 1
-
Altering `test`.`users`...
-
Creating new table...
-
CREATE TABLE `test`.`_users_new` (
-
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT ‘用户主键‘,
-
`name` varchar(20) DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘用户名‘,
-
`age` varchar(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘性别‘,
-
`address` varchar(200) DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘家庭住址‘,
-
`telephone` int(11) DEFAULT ‘0‘ COMMENT ‘手机号码‘,
-
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
-
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT=‘用户表‘
-
Created new table test._users_new OK.
-
Altering new table...
-
ALTER TABLE `test`.`_users_new` add index index_age(age);
-
Altered `test`.`_users_new` OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:11:39 Creating triggers...
-
2018-12-06T14:11:39 Created triggers OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:11:39 Copying approximately 3 rows...
-
INSERT LOW_PRIORITY IGNORE INTO `test`.`_users_new` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `address`, `telephone`) SELECT `id`, `name`, `age`, `address`, `telephone` FROM `test`.`users` LOCK IN SHARE MODE /*pt-online-schema-change 17622 copy table*/
-
2018-12-06T14:11:39 Copied rows OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:11:39 Analyzing new table...
-
2018-12-06T14:11:39 Swapping tables...
-
RENAME TABLE `test`.`users` TO `test`.`_users_old`, `test`.`_users_new` TO `test`.`users`
-
2018-12-06T14:11:39 Swapped original and new tables OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:11:39 Dropping old table...
-
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `test`.`_users_old`
-
2018-12-06T14:11:39 Dropped old table `test`.`_users_old` OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:11:39 Dropping triggers...
-
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `test`.`pt_osc_test_users_del`
-
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `test`.`pt_osc_test_users_upd`
-
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `test`.`pt_osc_test_users_ins`
-
2018-12-06T14:11:39 Dropped triggers OK.
-
Successfully altered `test`.`users`.
5.删除索引
-
sql语句:alter table users drop index index_age;
-
pt语句: pt-online-schema-change --alter="drop index index_age;" --execute --print --max-lag=5 D=test,t=users,u=root,p=123,S=/tmp/mysql.sock --no-check-replication-filters --max-load="Threads_running=100" --critical-load="Threads_running=120" --charset=utf8 --chunk-size=100
-
具体执行过程:
-
[root@18c ~]# pt-online-schema-change --alter="drop index index_age;" --execute --print --max-lag=5 D=test,t=users,u=root,p=123,S=/tmp/mysql.sock --no-check-replication-filters --max-load="Threads_running=100" --critical-load="Threads_running=120" --charset=utf8 --chunk-size=100
-
No slaves found. See --recursion-method if host 18c has slaves.
-
Not checking slave lag because no slaves were found and --check-slave-lag was not specified.
-
Operation, tries, wait:
-
analyze_table, 10, 1
-
copy_rows, 10, 0.25
-
create_triggers, 10, 1
-
drop_triggers, 10, 1
-
swap_tables, 10, 1
-
update_foreign_keys, 10, 1
-
Altering `test`.`users`...
-
Creating new table...
-
CREATE TABLE `test`.`_users_new` (
-
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT ‘用户主键‘,
-
`name` varchar(20) DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘用户名‘,
-
`age` varchar(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘性别‘,
-
`address` varchar(200) DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘家庭住址‘,
-
`telephone` int(11) DEFAULT ‘0‘ COMMENT ‘手机号码‘,
-
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
-
KEY `index_age` (`age`)
-
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT=‘用户表‘
-
Created new table test._users_new OK.
-
Altering new table...
-
ALTER TABLE `test`.`_users_new` drop index index_age;
-
Altered `test`.`_users_new` OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:13:25 Creating triggers...
-
2018-12-06T14:13:25 Created triggers OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:13:25 Copying approximately 3 rows...
-
INSERT LOW_PRIORITY IGNORE INTO `test`.`_users_new` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `address`, `telephone`) SELECT `id`, `name`, `age`, `address`, `telephone` FROM `test`.`users` LOCK IN SHARE MODE /*pt-online-schema-change 17629 copy table*/
-
2018-12-06T14:13:25 Copied rows OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:13:25 Analyzing new table...
-
2018-12-06T14:13:25 Swapping tables...
-
RENAME TABLE `test`.`users` TO `test`.`_users_old`, `test`.`_users_new` TO `test`.`users`
-
2018-12-06T14:13:25 Swapped original and new tables OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:13:25 Dropping old table...
-
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `test`.`_users_old`
-
2018-12-06T14:13:25 Dropped old table `test`.`_users_old` OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:13:25 Dropping triggers...
-
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `test`.`pt_osc_test_users_del`
-
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `test`.`pt_osc_test_users_upd`
-
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `test`.`pt_osc_test_users_ins`
-
2018-12-06T14:13:25 Dropped triggers OK.
-
Successfully altered `test`.`users`.
6.修改自增ID
-
sql语句:alter table users modify column id bigint not null auto_increment;
-
pt语句: pt-online-schema-change --alter="modify column id bigint not null auto_increment;" --execute --print --max-lag=5 D=test,t=users,u=root,p=123,S=/tmp/mysql.sock --no-check-replication-filters --max-load="Threads_running=100" --critical-load="Threads_running=120" --charset=utf8 --chunk-size=100
-
-
具体执行过程:
-
[root@18c ~]# pt-online-schema-change --alter="modify column id bigint not null auto_increment;" --execute --print --max-lag=5 D=test,t=users,u=root,p=123,S=/tmp/mysql.sock --no-check-replication-filters --max-load="Threads_running=100" --critical-load="Threads_running=120" --charset=utf8 --chunk-size=100
-
No slaves found. See --recursion-method if host 18c has slaves.
-
Not checking slave lag because no slaves were found and --check-slave-lag was not specified.
-
Operation, tries, wait:
-
analyze_table, 10, 1
-
copy_rows, 10, 0.25
-
create_triggers, 10, 1
-
drop_triggers, 10, 1
-
swap_tables, 10, 1
-
update_foreign_keys, 10, 1
-
Altering `test`.`users`...
-
Creating new table...
-
CREATE TABLE `test`.`_users_new` (
-
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT ‘用户主键‘,
-
`name` varchar(20) DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘用户名‘,
-
`age` varchar(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘性别‘,
-
`address` varchar(200) DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘家庭住址‘,
-
`telephone` int(11) DEFAULT ‘0‘ COMMENT ‘手机号码‘,
-
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
-
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT=‘用户表‘
-
Created new table test._users_new OK.
-
Altering new table...
-
ALTER TABLE `test`.`_users_new` modify column id bigint not null auto_increment;
-
Altered `test`.`_users_new` OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:17:35 Creating triggers...
-
2018-12-06T14:17:35 Created triggers OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:17:35 Copying approximately 3 rows...
-
INSERT LOW_PRIORITY IGNORE INTO `test`.`_users_new` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `address`, `telephone`) SELECT `id`, `name`, `age`, `address`, `telephone` FROM `test`.`users` LOCK IN SHARE MODE /*pt-online-schema-change 17643 copy table*/
-
2018-12-06T14:17:35 Copied rows OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:17:35 Analyzing new table...
-
2018-12-06T14:17:35 Swapping tables...
-
RENAME TABLE `test`.`users` TO `test`.`_users_old`, `test`.`_users_new` TO `test`.`users`
-
2018-12-06T14:17:35 Swapped original and new tables OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:17:35 Dropping old table...
-
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `test`.`_users_old`
-
2018-12-06T14:17:35 Dropped old table `test`.`_users_old` OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:17:35 Dropping triggers...
-
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `test`.`pt_osc_test_users_del`
-
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `test`.`pt_osc_test_users_upd`
-
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `test`.`pt_osc_test_users_ins`
-
2018-12-06T14:17:35 Dropped triggers OK.
-
Successfully altered `test`.`users`.
7.修改列名,并添加索引
-
sql语句:alter table test change column age ages varchar(5) default ‘‘ comment ‘性别新‘ after address,add index index_ages(ages);
-
pt语句:pt-online-schema-change --alter="change column age ages varchar(5) after address,add index index_ages(ages);" --execute --print --max-lag=5 D=test,t=users,u=root,p=123,S=/tmp/mysql.sock --no-check-replication-filters --max-load="Threads_running=100" --critical-load="Threads_running=120" --charset=utf8 --chunk-size=100 --no-check-alter
-
-
具体执行过程:
-
[root@18c ~]# pt-online-schema-change --alter="change column age ages varchar(5) after address,add index index_ages(ages);" --execute --print --max-lag=5 D=test,t=users,u=root,p=123,S=/tmp/mysql.sock --no-check-replication-filters --max-load="Threads_running=100" --critical-load="Threads_running=120" --charset=utf8 --chunk-size=100 --no-check-alter
-
No slaves found. See --recursion-method if host 18c has slaves.
-
Not checking slave lag because no slaves were found and --check-slave-lag was not specified.
-
Operation, tries, wait:
-
analyze_table, 10, 1
-
copy_rows, 10, 0.25
-
create_triggers, 10, 1
-
drop_triggers, 10, 1
-
swap_tables, 10, 1
-
update_foreign_keys, 10, 1
-
Altering `test`.`users`...
-
Renaming columns:
-
age to ages
-
Creating new table...
-
CREATE TABLE `test`.`_users_new` (
-
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-
`name` varchar(20) DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘用户名‘,
-
`age` varchar(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘性别‘,
-
`address` varchar(200) DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘家庭住址‘,
-
`telephone` int(11) DEFAULT ‘0‘ COMMENT ‘手机号码‘,
-
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
-
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT=‘用户表‘
-
Created new table test._users_new OK.
-
Altering new table...
-
ALTER TABLE `test`.`_users_new` change column age ages varchar(5) after address,add index index_ages(ages);
-
Altered `test`.`_users_new` OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:55:27 Creating triggers...
-
2018-12-06T14:55:27 Created triggers OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:55:27 Copying approximately 3 rows...
-
INSERT LOW_PRIORITY IGNORE INTO `test`.`_users_new` (`id`, `name`, `ages`, `address`, `telephone`) SELECT `id`, `name`, `age`, `address`, `telephone` FROM `test`.`users` LOCK IN SHARE MODE /*pt-online-schema-change 17822 copy table*/
-
2018-12-06T14:55:27 Copied rows OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:55:27 Analyzing new table...
-
2018-12-06T14:55:27 Swapping tables...
-
RENAME TABLE `test`.`users` TO `test`.`_users_old`, `test`.`_users_new` TO `test`.`users`
-
2018-12-06T14:55:27 Swapped original and new tables OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:55:27 Dropping old table...
-
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `test`.`_users_old`
-
2018-12-06T14:55:27 Dropped old table `test`.`_users_old` OK.
-
2018-12-06T14:55:27 Dropping triggers...
-
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `test`.`pt_osc_test_users_del`
-
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `test`.`pt_osc_test_users_upd`
-
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS `test`.`pt_osc_test_users_ins`
-
2018-12-06T14:55:27 Dropped triggers OK.
-
Successfully altered `test`.`users`.
上面做了这么多的操作,现在来看看测试表已经变成啥模样了
-
mysql> show create table users;
-
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-
| Table | Create Table |
-
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-
| users | CREATE TABLE `users` (
-
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-
`name` varchar(20) DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘用户名‘,
-
`address` varchar(200) DEFAULT ‘‘ COMMENT ‘家庭住址‘,
-
`ages` varchar(5) DEFAULT NULL,
-
`telephone` int(11) DEFAULT ‘0‘ COMMENT ‘手机号码‘,
-
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
-
KEY `index_ages` (`ages`)
-
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT=‘用户表‘ |
-
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
转自
(3条消息)mysql:pt-online-schema-change 在线修改表_雨花石-****博客_pt-online-schema-change https://blog.****.net/shiyu1157758655/article/details/84854513
参考
(3条消息)案例 - optimize table 的一些坑_weixin_34248023的博客-****博客_optimize table https://blog.****.net/weixin_34248023/article/details/91617531
(3条消息)[mysql]清除单表大量数据方法(需保留部分数据)_yyongsheng的博客-****博客_mysql truncate清除部分数据 https://blog.****.net/yyongsheng/article/details/82938683
MySQL大表删除工具pt-osc? - 云+社区 - 腾讯云 https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1533722
PT-OSC在线DDL变更工具使用攻略 - MySQL数据库技术栈的个人空间 - OSCHINA https://my.oschina.net/u/3678773/blog/4467882
(3条消息)mysql 案例~关于pt-osc工具的用途_weixin_34212189的博客-****博客_mysql ptosc 工具 https://blog.****.net/weixin_34212189/article/details/93262658
pt-osc原理 - 茁壮的小草 - 博客园 https://www.cnblogs.com/mysql-dba/p/9901632.html