kvm部署
虚拟化介绍
虚拟化是云计算的基础。简单的说，虚拟化使得在一台物理的服务器上可以跑多台虚拟机，虚拟机共享物理机的 CPU、内存、IO 硬件资源，但逻辑上虚拟机之间是相互隔离的。
物理机我们一般称为宿主机（Host），宿主机上面的虚拟机称为客户机（Guest）。
那么 Host 是如何将自己的硬件资源虚拟化，并提供给 Guest 使用的呢？
这个主要是通过一个叫做 Hypervisor 的程序实现的。
根据 Hypervisor 的实现方式和所处的位置，虚拟化又分为两种：
-
全虚拟化
-
半虚拟化
-
-
全虚拟化：
Hypervisor 直接安装在物理机上，多个虚拟机在 Hypervisor 上运行。Hypervisor 实现方式一般是一个特殊定制的 Linux 系统。Xen 和 VMWare 的 ESXi 都属于这个类型 -
半虚拟化：
物理机上首先安装常规的操作系统，比如 Redhat、Ubuntu 和 Windows。Hypervisor 作为 OS 上的一个程序模块运行，并对管理虚拟机进行管理。KVM、VirtualBox 和 VMWare Workstation 都属于这个类型理论上讲：
全虚拟化一般对硬件虚拟化功能进行了特别优化，性能上比半虚拟化要高；
半虚拟化因为基于普通的操作系统，会比较灵活，比如支持虚拟机嵌套。嵌套意味着可以在KVM虚拟机中再运行KVM。
kvm介绍
kVM 全称是 Kernel-Based Virtual Machine。也就是说 KVM 是基于 Linux 内核实现的。
KVM有一个内核模块叫 kvm.ko，只用于管理虚拟 CPU 和内存。
那 IO 的虚拟化，比如存储和网络设备则是由 Linux 内核与Qemu来实现。
作为一个 Hypervisor，KVM 本身只关注虚拟机调度和内存管理这两个方面。IO 外设的任务交给 Linux 内核和 Qemu。
大家在网上看 KVM 相关文章的时候肯定经常会看到 Libvirt 这个东西。
Libvirt 就是 KVM 的管理工具。
其实，Libvirt 除了能管理 KVM 这种 Hypervisor，还能管理 Xen，VirtualBox 等。
Libvirt 包含 3 个东西：后台 daemon 程序 libvirtd、API 库和命令行工具 virsh
- libvirtd是服务程序，接收和处理 API 请求；
- API 库使得其他人可以开发基于 Libvirt 的高级工具，比如 virt-manager，这是个图形化的 KVM 管理工具；
- virsh 是我们经常要用的 KVM 命令行工具
环境说明
| 系统类型 | IP |
|---|---|
| centos8 | 192.168.100.146 |
| centos7 | 192.168.100.153 |
kvm安装（centos8）
部署前请确保你的CPU虚拟化功能已开启。分为两种情况：
- 虚拟机要关机设置CPU虚拟化
- 物理机要在BIOS里开启CPU虚拟化
1.1.关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@kvm ~]# setenforce 0
[root@kvm ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
1.2.配置网络源并下载相应的工具
[root@kvm ~]# dnf -y install epel-release vim wget net-tools unzip zip gcc gcc-c++
略。。。。。。
验证cpu是否支持kvm，如果结果中有vmx或svm字样，就说明cpu是支持的
[root@kvm ~]# egrep -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo
svm
svm
svm
svm
svm
svm
svm
svm
[root@kvm ~]#
1.3.kvm安装
[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-common qemu-img virt-manager libvirt python3-libvirt libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer bridge-utils libguestfs-tools
//因为虚拟机中网络，我们一般都是和公司的其他服务器是同一个网段，所以我们需要把
KVM服务器的网卡配置成桥接模式。这样的话KVM的虚拟机就可以通过该桥接网卡和公司内部
其他服务器处于同一网段
此处我的网卡是ens33，所以用br0来桥接ens33网卡
[root@kvm ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@kvm network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-br0
[root@kvm network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0
TYPE=Bridge
DEVICE=br0
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=br0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.100.146
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.100.1
DNS1=114.114.114.114
DNS2=8.8.8.8
[root@kvm network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=ens33
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0
[root@kvm network-scripts]#
重启服务
[root@centos8-1 ~]# systemctl restart NetworkManager
[root@centos8-1 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:d0:d1:3d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:d8:87:de brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:d8:87:de brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:d0:d1:3d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.100.146/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global noprefixroute br0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed0:d13d/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@centos8-1 ~]#
启动服务并验证安装结果
[root@centos8-1 ~]# systemctl start libvirtd
[root@centos8-1 ~]# systemctl enable libvirtd
[root@centos8-1 ~]# lsmod|grep kvm
kvm_amd 110592 0
ccp 98304 1 kvm_amd
kvm 839680 1 kvm_amd
irqbypass 16384 1 kvm
[root@centos8-1 ~]#
测试安装结果并查看网桥信息
[root@centos8-1 ~]# virsh -c qemu:///system list
Id 名称 状态
-------------------
[root@centos8-1 ~]# virsh --version
6.0.0
[root@centos8-1 ~]# virt-install --version
2.2.1
[root@centos8-1 ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@centos8-1 ~]# ll /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 10月 20 04:45 /usr/bin/qemu-kvm -> /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
[root@centos8-1 ~]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000c29d0d13d no ens33
virbr0 8000.525400d887de yesvirbr0-nic
[root@centos8-1 ~]#
2.kvm web管理界面安装（centos7）
2.1.安装依赖包
[root@kvm-manager webvirtmgr]# yum -y install git python-pip libvirt-python libxml2-python python-websockify supervisor nginx python-devel
epel-release
2.2.从github下载webbvirtmgr代码
[root@kvm-manager ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@kvm-manager src]# git clone git://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git
正克隆到 'webvirtmgr'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 5614, done.
略。。。。。。
接收对象中: 100% (5614/5614), 2.50 MiB | 1.60 MiB/接收对象中: 100% (5614/5614), 2.97 MiB | 1.60 MiB/s, done.
处理 delta 中: 100% (3606/3606), done.
[root@kvm-manager src]#
安装webvirtmgr
[root@kvm ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@kvm-manager webvirtmgr]# pip install -r requirements.txt
Collecting django==1.5.5 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/38/49/93511c5d3367b6b21fc2995a0e53399721afc15e4cd6eb57be879ae13ad4/Django-1.5.5.tar.gz (8.1MB)
略。。。。。。
Collecting lockfile>=0.9 (from -r requirements.txt (line 5))
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c8/22/9460e311f340cb62d26a38c419b1381b8593b0bb6b5d1f056938b086d362/lockfile-0.12.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: django, gunicorn, lockfile
Running setup.py install for django ... done
Successfully installed django-1.5.5 gunicorn-19.5.0 lockfile-0.12.2
You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 21.3 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
[root@kvm-manager webvirtmgr]#
检查sqlite3是否安装
[root@kvm-manager webvirtmgr]# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Nov 16 2020, 22:23:17)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sqlite3
>>> exit()
[root@kvm-manager webvirtmgr]#
初始化账号信息
[root@kvm-manager webvirtmgr]# python manage.py syncdb
WARNING:root:No local_settings file found.
Creating tables ...
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table django_site
Creating table servers_compute
Creating table instance_instance
Creating table create_flavor
You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes //问你是否创建超级管理员帐号
Username (leave blank to use 'root'): //指定超级管理员帐号用户名，默认留空为root
Email address: sean1002@126.com //设置超级管理员邮箱
Password: //设置超级管理员密码
Password (again): //再次输入超级管理员密码
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s)
2.3.拷贝web网页至指定目录
[root@kvm-manager webvirtmgr]# mkdir /var/www
[root@kvm-manager webvirtmgr]# cp -r /usr/local/src/webvirtmgr /var/www/
[root@kvm-manager webvirtmgr]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/www/webvirtmgr/
[root@kvm-manager webvirtmgr]#
生成密钥
[root@kvm-manager webvirtmgr]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
9b:b5:5e:97:08:ab:56:6e:13:bf:29:0f:5a:58:f4:11 root@kvm-manager
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| E |
| . |
| . . |
| . . . |
| S + . |
| *o+ . . |
| +o=oo o |
| .==o.o |
| .o..++. |
+-----------------+
[root@kvm-manager webvirtmgr]#
由于这里webvirtmgr和kvm服务部署在同一台机器，所以这里本地信任。如果kvm部署在其他机器，那么这个是它的ip
[root@kvm-manager webvirtmgr]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.100.146
The authenticity of host '192.168.100.146 (192.168.100.146)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 13:07:65:26:06:f4:e9:0e:f4:35:fa:ed:68:05:81:61.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.100.146's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.100.146'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@kvm-manager webvirtmgr]#
2.4.配置端口转发
[root@kvm-manager webvirtmgr]# ssh root@192.168.100.146 -L localhost:8000:localhost:8000 -L localhost:6080:localhost:60
Last login: Wed Oct 20 07:10:34 2021 from 192.168.100.1
[root@kvm ~]#
[root@kvm ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@kvm ~]#
2.5.配置nginx
[root@kvm-manager webvirtmgr]# vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[root@kvm-manager webvirtmgr]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
}
[root@kvm-manager webvirtmgr]#
[root@kvm-manager webvirtmgr]# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/webvirtmgr.conf
[root@kvm-manager webvirtmgr]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/webvirtmgr.conf
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name $hostname;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/webvirtmgr_access_log;
location /static/ {
root /var/www/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr;
expires max;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $remote_addr;
proxy_connect_timeout 600;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_send_timeout 600;
client_max_body_size 1024M;
}
}
[root@kvm-manager webvirtmgr]#
确保bind绑定的本机的8080端口
[root@kvm-manager ~]# vim /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
.....此处省略N行
bind = '0.0.0.0:8000' //确保此处绑定的是本机的8000端口，这个在nginx配置中定义了，被代理的端口
backlog = 2048
.....此处省略N行
2.6.重启nginx
[root@kvm-manager ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@kvm-manager ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[root@kvm-manager ~]#
设置supervisor
[root@kvm-manager ~]# vi /etc/supervisord.conf
.....此处省略上面的内容，在文件最后加上以下内容
[program:webvirtmgr]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr.log
log_stderr=true
user=nginx
[program:webvirtmgr-console]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/console/webvirtmgr-console
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr-console.log
redirect_stderr=true
user=nginx
[root@kvm-manager ~]#
启动supervisor并设置开机自启
[root@kvm-manager ~]# systemctl start supervisord
[root@kvm-manager ~]# systemctl enable supervisord
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/supervisord.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service.
[root@kvm-manager ~]# systemctl status supervisord
● supervisord.service - Process Monitoring and Control Daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 三 2021-10-20 19:41:07 CST; 19s ago
[root@kvm-manager ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:8000 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:6080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[root@kvm-manager ~]#
2.7.配置nginx用户
[root@kvm-manager ~]# su - nginx -s /bin/bash
-bash-4.2$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/var/lib/nginx/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
3f:c7:bb:d3:ff:9a:c9:07:c1:19:d1:5c:05:b1:49:38 nginx@kvm-manager
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| .=*=|
| E..oo|
| ooo |
| + |
| S . |
| . . . |
| o o. . |
| o.o.o.|
| oo=++|
+-----------------+
-bash-4.2$
-bash-4.2$ touch ~/.ssh/config && echo -e "StrictHostKeyChecking=no\nUserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null"
StrictHostKeyChecking=no
UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null
-bash-4.2$ chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/config
-bash-4.2$
-bash-4.2$ ssh-copy-id root@192.168.100.146
The authenticity of host '192.168.100.146 (192.168.100.146)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 13:07:65:26:06:f4:e9:0e:f4:35:fa:ed:68:05:81:61.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.100.146's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.100.146'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
-bash-4.2$
[root@kvm-manager ~]# vi /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
[root@kvm-manager ~]# cat /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
^[[A[Remote libvirt SSH access]
Identity=unix-user:root
Action=org.libvirt.unix.manage
ResultAny=yes
ResultInactive=yes
ResultActive=yes
[root@kvm-manager ~]#
[root@kvm-manager ~]# systemctl restart nginx //centos7重启
[root@kvm src]# systemctl restart libvirtd //centos8重启
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:8000 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:6080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[root@localhost ~]#
通过远程连接软件上传ISO镜像文件至存储目录/var/lib/libvirt/images/
[root@kvm src]# cd /var/lib/libvirt/images/
[root@kvm images]# ls
[root@kvm images]# ls
CentOS-7.3-x86_64-DVD-1611.iso
[root@kvm images]#