完整的项目案例: springmvc.zip
目录
实例
项目结构路径:
一、配置web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0"> <!-- 配置请求总控器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
二、配置dispatcher-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:mcv="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"> <!-- 启用注解并扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="edu.nf.ch04.controller"/> <!-- 启用mvc注解驱动,这个注解同时还注册了Springmvc内置的多种HttpMessageConverter(消息转换器),
它主要用于将Http请求报文的字符串信息转换成用@ReqeustBody注解修饰的方法参数对象,
同时基于@ResponseBody修饰的返回值进行数据转换然后响应客户端。如果请求处理方法的参数和方法的返回值
没有使用@RequestBody和ResponseBody,那么spring将使用额外的Converter SPI来完成请求方法参数的类型转换--> <!-- 可以指定conversion-service来自定义Converter转换器。
注意:自定义Converter和自定义HttpMessageConverter是两种不同的转换器,
自定义Converter是实现Converter接口,而自定义HttpMessageConverter是
实现HttpMessageConverter接口,如果需要自定义HttpMessageConverter可以在
<mvc:annotation-driven>中加入配置<mvc:message-converters>-->
<mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionService">
<!-- 自定义一个消息转换器,register-defaults设置为true
则同时注册默认的HttpMessageConverter和自定义的HttpMessageConverter,
设置为false则只会注册自定义的HttpMessageConverter-->
<!--<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
<ref bean="myMessageConverter"/>
</mvc:message-converters>-->
</mvc:annotation-driven> <!-- 指定Converter转换器,
配置ConversionServiceFactoryBean来注册一个自定义Converter -->
<bean id="conversionService" class="org.springframework.context.support.ConversionServiceFactoryBean">
<property name="converters">
<bean class="edu.nf.ch04.converter.MyConverter"/>
</property>
</bean> <!-- 处理静态资源-->
<mcv:default-servlet-handler/> <!-- 配置视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
三、数据绑定controller(DemoController)
package edu.nf.ch04.controller; import edu.nf.ch04.entity.Address;
import edu.nf.ch04.entity.Users;
import org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.CustomDateEditor;
import org.springframework.format.datetime.DateFormatter;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.WebDataBinder;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date; /**
* @author wangl
* @date 2018/10/29
*/
@Controller
public class DemoController { /**
* 默认参数名对应<input name="名称"/>,
* 如果名称不一致时,可以使用@RequestParam注解进行绑定
* 而注解的value对应<input name="名称"/>
* @param userName
* @param age
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("/add")
public ModelAndView add(@RequestParam("userName") String userName, @RequestParam("age") Integer age){
System.out.println(userName);
System.out.println(age);
return new ModelAndView("index");
} /**
* 也可以映射成一个Bean对象,而对象的字段名对应<input name="名称"/>
* ,也可以将要映射的集合对象定义在实体对象中,同样可以完成集合类型的映射
* (注意:不能单独在controller的方法参数中声明List等集合类型,spring是不会自动映射的
* @param user
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("/add2")
public ModelAndView add2(Users user){
System.out.println(user.getUserName());
System.out.println(user.getAge());
for (Address address : user.getAddress()) {
System.out.println(address.getAddr());
}
return new ModelAndView("index");
} /**
* 通过请求url地址映射参数
* 使用@PathVariable注解映射url地址中的变量名,
* value属性值对应{userId}
* @param uid
* @return
*/
@GetMapping("/user/{userId}")
public ModelAndView getUser(@PathVariable("userId") Integer uid){
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("userinfo");
if(uid == 1001){
Users user = new Users();
user.setUserName("user1");
user.setAge(21);
//类似于放入请求作用域
mv.addObject("user", user);
}
return mv;
} /**
* 方式一:
* 日期转换方法,@InitBinder标注的方法会在执行controller方法之前先执行
* ,并且需要传入一个WebDataBinder参数,这个参数用于注册日期类型转换器
* @param binder
* @return
*/
@InitBinder
public void convert(WebDataBinder binder){
binder.addCustomFormatter(new DateFormatter("yyyy-MM-dd"));
} /**
* 日期类型的转换处理,先会执行上面@InitBinder标注的方法注册一个日期转换器,
* 再调用当前的controller方法将转换的值赋值到user实体中的birth字段
* @param user
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("/add3")
public ModelAndView convertDate(Users user){
System.out.println(user.getBirth());
return new ModelAndView("index");
} /**
* 传入ServletAPI的原生对象
* @param request
* @param session
* @return
*/
@GetMapping("/api")
public ModelAndView servletApi(HttpServletRequest request, HttpSession session){
System.out.println(request);
System.out.println(session);
return new ModelAndView("index");
}
}
前端请求页面:(adduser.html)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post" action="add3">
Username:<input type="text" name="userName"/><br/>
Age:<input type="text" name="age"/><br/>
Birth:<input type="text" name="birth"><br/>
<!-- 映射集合类型(普通类型) -->
<!--Addr1:<input type="text" name="address"/><br/>
Addr2:<input type="text" name="address"/><br/>-->
<!-- 映射集合(实体对象)-->
Addr1:<input type="text" name="address[0].addr"/><br/>
Addr2:<input type="text" name="address[1].addr"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="add"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
前端请求页面:(getuser.html)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="user/1001">获取用户信息</a>
</body>
</html>
四、自定义类型转换 (ConverterController)
package edu.nf.ch04.controller; import edu.nf.ch04.entity.People;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; /**
* @author wangl
* @date 2018/10/31
*/
@Controller
public class ConverterController { /**
* 自定义类型转换
* @param people
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("/convert")
public ModelAndView convert(People people){
System.out.println(people.getName());
System.out.println(people.getAge());
return new ModelAndView("index");
}
}
自定义类型转换器:
package edu.nf.ch04.converter; import edu.nf.ch04.entity.People;
import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter; /**
* @author wangl
* @date 2018/10/31
* 自定义类型转换器,需要实现Converter接口,
* 这个转换器将name-age格式的字符串转换成People对象
*/
public class MyConverter implements Converter<String, People> { @Override
public People convert(String s) {
People p = new People();
if(s != null && !"".equals(s)){
String[] array = s.split("-");
if(array.length == 2){
p.setName(array[0]);
p.setAge(Integer.valueOf(array[1]));
}
}
return p;
}
}
前台页面(converter.html):
实体类:
Address:
package edu.nf.ch04.entity; /**
* @author wangl
* @date 2018/10/29
*/
public class Address { private String addr; public String getAddr() {
return addr;
} public void setAddr(String addr) {
this.addr = addr;
}
}
People:
package edu.nf.ch04.entity; /**
* @author wangl
* @date 2018/10/31
*/
public class People { private String name;
private Integer age; public String getName() {
return name;
} public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
} public Integer getAge() {
return age;
} public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
Users:
package edu.nf.ch04.entity; import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat; import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List; /**
* @author wangl
* @date 2018/10/29
*/
public class Users { private String userName;
private Integer age;
/**
* 方式二:
* 在实体中使用@DateTimeFormat完成日期的类型转换
*/
//@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd")
private Date birth;
/**
* 映射集合(集合中是普通的类型,如String)
*/
//private List<String> address = new ArrayList<>(); /**
* 映射集合(集合中是实体对象类型)
*/
private List<Address> address = new ArrayList<>(); public String getUserName() {
return userName;
} public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
} public Integer getAge() {
return age;
} public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
} /*public List<String> getAddress() {
return address;
} public void setAddress(List<String> address) {
this.address = address;
}*/ public Date getBirth() {
return birth;
} public void setBirth(Date birth) {
this.birth = birth;
} public List<Address> getAddress() {
return address;
} public void setAddress(List<Address> address) {
this.address = address;
}
}