exec sp_databases; --查看数据库
exec sp_tables;        --查看表
exec sp_columns student;--查看列
exec sp_helpIndex student;--查看索引
exec sp_helpConstraint student;--约束
exec sp_stored_procedures;
exec sp_helptext ‘sp_stored_procedures‘;--查看存储过程创建、定义语句
exec sp_rename student, stuInfo;--修改表、索引、列的名称
exec sp_renamedb myTempDB, myDB;--更改数据库名称
exec sp_defaultdb ‘master‘, ‘myDB‘;--更改登录名的默认数据库
exec sp_helpdb;--数据库帮助，查询数据库信息
exec sp_helpdb master;

--表重命名
exec sp_rename ‘stu‘, ‘stud‘;
select * from stud;
--列重命名
exec sp_rename ‘stud.name‘, ‘sName‘, ‘column‘;
exec sp_help ‘stud‘;
--重命名索引
exec sp_rename N‘student.idx_cid‘, N‘idx_cidd‘, N‘index‘;
exec sp_help ‘student‘;

--查询所有存储过程
select * from sys.objects where type = ‘P‘;
select * from sys.objects where type_desc like ‘%pro%‘ and name like ‘sp%‘;

create proc | procedure pro_name
    [{@参数数据类型} [=默认值] [output],
     {@参数数据类型} [=默认值] [output],
     ....
    ]
as
    SQL_statements

--创建存储过程
if (exists (select * from sys.objects where name = ‘proc_get_student‘))
    drop proc proc_get_student
go
create proc proc_get_student
as
    select * from student;

--调用、执行存储过程
exec proc_get_student;

--修改存储过程
alter proc proc_get_student
as
select * from student;

--带参存储过程
if (object_id(‘proc_find_stu‘, ‘P‘) is not null)
    drop proc proc_find_stu
go
create proc proc_find_stu(@startId int, @endId int)
as
    select * from student where id between @startId and @endId
go

exec proc_find_stu 2, 4;

--带通配符参数存储过程
if (object_id(‘proc_findStudentByName‘, ‘P‘) is not null)
    drop proc proc_findStudentByName
go
create proc proc_findStudentByName(@name varchar(20) = ‘%j%‘, @nextName varchar(20) = ‘%‘)
as
    select * from student where name like @name and name like @nextName;
go

exec proc_findStudentByName;
exec proc_findStudentByName ‘%o%‘, ‘t%‘;

if (object_id(‘proc_getStudentRecord‘, ‘P‘) is not null)
    drop proc proc_getStudentRecord
go
create proc proc_getStudentRecord(
    @id int, --默认输入参数
    @name varchar(20) out, --输出参数
    @age varchar(20) output--输入输出参数
    @sex int ,--默认输入参数
)
as
    --用select 给变量@name,@age 赋值。赋的值为从student表中查出的name,和age字段
    select @name = name, @age = age  from student where id = @id and sex = @sex;

    --也可以写成:set @name=(select name from student where id=@id and sex=@sex)
    --          set @age=(select age from student where id=@id and sex=@sex)
go

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------带参数的存储过程调用如下： 
declare @id int,                         -----先声明参数
        @name varchar(20),
        @temp varchar(20);
        @sex intset @id = 7;                 --再给参数赋值
set @sex=0;
set @temp = 1;
exec proc_getStudentRecord @id, @name out, @temp output,@sex;           --调用存储过程

select @name, @temp;--打印出@name,@temp

create proc p_xs_sum
(
    @xh int,
    @kcm nvarchar(20),
    @sum int output
)
as
select @sum=总学分 from xs join xs_kc join kc  on xs_kc.课程号=kc.课程号 on xs.学号=xs_kc.学号 
where xs.学号=@xh  and 课程名=@kcm

go
------------------------存储过程的调用
declare @xh int,
        @kcm nvarchar(20),
        @sum int
        
set @xh=‘001101‘;
set @kcm=‘离散数学‘;
        

exec p_xs_sum @xh,@kcm, @sum out
print @sum 

--WITH RECOMPILE 不缓存
if (object_id(‘proc_temp‘, ‘P‘) is not null)
    drop proc proc_temp
go
create proc proc_temp
with recompile
as
    select * from student;
go

exec proc_temp;

--加密WITH ENCRYPTION 
if (object_id(‘proc_temp_encryption‘, ‘P‘) is not null)
    drop proc proc_temp_encryption
go
create proc proc_temp_encryption
with encryption
as
    select * from student;
go

exec proc_temp_encryption;
exec sp_helptext ‘proc_temp‘;
exec sp_helptext ‘proc_temp_encryption‘;

if (object_id(‘proc_cursor‘, ‘P‘) is not null)
    drop proc proc_cursor
go
create proc proc_cursor
    @cur cursor varying output
as
    set @cur = cursor forward_only static for
    select id, name, age from student;
    open @cur;
go
--调用
declare @exec_cur cursor;
declare @id int,
        @name varchar(20),
        @age int;
exec proc_cursor @cur = @exec_cur output;--调用存储过程
fetch next from @exec_cur into @id, @name, @age;
while (@@fetch_status = 0)
begin
    fetch next from @exec_cur into @id, @name, @age;
    print ‘id: ‘ + convert(varchar, @id) + ‘, name: ‘ + @name + ‘, age: ‘ + convert(char, @age);
end
close @exec_cur;
deallocate @exec_cur;--删除游标

---存储过程、row_number完成分页
if (object_id(‘pro_page‘, ‘P‘) is not null)
    drop proc proc_cursor
go
create proc pro_page
    @startIndex int,
    @endIndex int
as
    select count(*) from product
;    
    select * from (
        select row_number() over(order by pid) as rowId, * from product 
    ) temp
    where temp.rowId between @startIndex and @endIndex
go
--drop proc pro_page
exec pro_page 1, 4
--
--分页存储过程
if (object_id(‘pro_page‘, ‘P‘) is not null)
    drop proc pro_stu
go
create procedure pro_stu(
    @pageIndex int,
    @pageSize int
)
as
    declare @startRow int, @endRow int
    set @startRow = (@pageIndex - 1) * @pageSize +1
    set @endRow = @startRow + @pageSize -1
    select * from (
        select *, row_number() over (order by id asc) as number from student 
    ) t
    where t.number between @startRow and @endRow;

exec pro_stu 2, 2;

Raiserror({msg_id | msg_str | @local_variable}
  {, severity, state}
  [,argument[,…n]]
  [with option[,…n]]
)

raiserror(‘is error‘, 16, 1);
select * from sys.messages;
--使用sysmessages中定义的消息
raiserror(33003, 16, 1);
raiserror(33006, 16, 1);