1.流的分类
按字节流分: InputStream(输出流) OutputStream(输入流)
按字符流分: Reader Writer
其他分类: 缓冲流、文件流、对象流等
提示:输入、输出是站在程序的角度而言,所有输入流是“读取”,所有输出流是“写入”。
2.转换流(将字节流转换为字符流)
InputStreamReader: 2个参数,第一个参数InputStream,第二个参数指定编码“UTF-8”
OutputStreamWriter:2个参数,第一个参数OutputStream,第二个参数指定编码“UTF-8”
3.缓冲流
BufferedReader: 参数为InputStreamReader类型
PrintWriter: 第一个参数为OutputStreamWriter类型,第二个参数“true"表示直接push到程序中
4.写入实例
/**
* 书写文件内容
*/
public static void writeWord(String str) throws IOException {
try (
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(URLDecoder.decode(path, "UTF-8")+"static\\system.txt");
// FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("/usr/java/myfile/system.txt");
OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(fileOutputStream,"UTF-8");
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(outputStreamWriter);
){
out.write(str);
out.flush();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
5.读取实例
/**
* 读取文件内容
*/
public static String readWord () {
try (
FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(URLDecoder.decode(path, "UTF-8")+"static\\system.txt");
// FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("/usr/java/myfile/system.txt");
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(fileInputStream,"UTF-8");
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
){
String line = null;
StringBuffer sBuffer = new StringBuffer();
while((line = br.readLine())!=null){
sBuffer.append(line);
}
return sBuffer.toString();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
提示:1.java7以上,可以将流直接定义在try的小括号中,这样可以不用手动去关闭流。
2.纯文本可以用字符流读取,其余全部用字节流读取。