getopt.getopt(args, options[, long_options])

>>> import getopt

>>>

>>> args = "-a -b -cfoo -d bar a1 a2".split() #将输入的参数转换成一个列表，通常在实例应用中args = sys.argv[1:]

>>> args

['-a', '-b', '-cfoo', '-d', 'bar', 'a1', 'a2']

>>> optlist,args = getopt.getopt(args,'abc:d:') #abc:d:，说明a和b只是是否有该选项，但是后面不跟值，而c和d不同，后面是有值的，故以冒号(:)区分

>>>

>>> optlist #获取到参数以及对应的值

[('-a', ''), ('-b', ''), ('-c', 'foo'), ('-d', 'bar')]

>>> args #-d后续只跟一个值，故a1和a2当做参数

['a1', 'a2']

>>> import getopt

>>>

>>> s = "--condition=foo --testing --output-file abc.def -a foo -x a1 a2" #长选项和短选项结合，-x和-a是短选项，其他都是长选项

>>>

>>> args = s.split()

>>>

>>> args

['--condition=foo', '--testing', '--output-file', 'abc.def', '-a', 'foo', '-x', 'a1', 'a2']

>>>

>>> optlist,args = getopt.getopt(args,'x','a',['condition=','output-file=','testing'])

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>

TypeError: getopt() takes at most 3 arguments (4 given)

>>>

>>> optlist,args = getopt.getopt(args,'xa:',['condition=','output-file=','testing'])   #getopt.getopt()函数接受三个参数，第一个是所有参数输入，第二个是短选项，第三个是长选项

>>>

>>> optlist

[('--condition', 'foo'), ('--testing', ''), ('--output-file', 'abc.def'), ('-a', 'foo'), ('-x', '')]

>>> args

['a1', 'a2']

>>> for opt,val in optlist:

...     if opt in ('-a','--a_long'):

...             pass

...     if opt in (xxx)

#!/usr/bin/env python26

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import getopt

import sys

def usage():

        help_msg = '''Usage:./test_opt.y [option] [value]...

        -h --help  show help

        -o --output output file

        -v verbose'''

        print help_msg

def main():

        if len(sys.argv) == 1:

                usage()

                sys.exit()

        try:

                opts,args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:],'ho:v',["help","output="])

        except getopt.GetoptError as err:

                print str(err)

                sys.exit(2)

        except Exception,e:

                print e

        output = None

        verbose = False

        for opt,arg in opts:

                if opt == "-v":

                        verbose = True

                elif opt in ("-h","--help"):

                        usage()

                        sys.exit()

                elif opt in ("-o","--output"):

                        output = arg

                else:

                        assert False,"unhandled option"

if __name__ == "__main__":

        main()