Python module all in one

Python Modules

https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html

Fibonacc

# Fibonacci numbers module

def fib(n):    # write Fibonacci series up to n

    a, b = 0, 1

    while a < n:

        print(a, end=' ')

        a, b = b, a+b

    print()

def fib2(n):   # return Fibonacci series up to n

    result = []

    a, b = 0, 1

    while a < n:

        result.append(a)

        a, b = b, a+b

    return result

# 导入模块

import fibo

# 使用

fibo.fib(1000)

fibo.fib2(100)

print(fibo.__name__)

# 'fibo'

# 导入模块

import fibo

# 重命名

fib = fibo.fib

# 使用

fib(1000)

fib2(100)

print(fibo.__name__)

# 'fibo'

# import语句有一个变体，可以将名称从模块直接导入到导入模块的符号表中。

from fibo import fib, fib2

fib(500)

# 不存在 fibo, 没有导入

print(fibo.__name__)

# None

# 这将导入除以下划线（_）开头的名称以外的所有名称。 ️

from fibo import *

fib(500)

# 如果模块名称后跟as，则名称后跟as直接绑定到导入的模块。

import fibo as fib

# Alias

fib.fib(500)

print(fibo.__name__)

# None

from fibo import fib as fibonacci

fibonacci(500)

execute module

# python3 fibo.py <arguments>

$ python3 fibo.py

Module => Script ??? "main"

from fibo import fib as fibonacci

fibonacci(500)

# 您可以将文件用作脚本以及可导入模块

if __name__ == "__main__":

    import sys

    fib(int(sys.argv[1]))

# 因为解析命令行的代码仅在模块作为“主”文件执行时运行：

$ python fibo.py 50

# 如果导入模块，则代码不会运行

# import fibo

sys.path

https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path

Python 3 模块导入方式

1. import Module

2. import Module as Alias_Module

3. from Module import Function

# coding: utf8

# import Module

# 导入整个模块

import camelcase

模块名.函数名

c = camelcase.CamelCase()

txt = "hello world"

print(c.hump(txt))

# coding: utf8

# import Module as Alias_Module

# 导入整个模块, 并且使用 Alias 模块别名

import camelcase as cc

c = cc.CamelCase()

txt = "hello world"

print(c.hump(txt))

# coding: utf8

# from Module import Function

# 导入部分模块

from camelcase import CamelCase

函数名

c = CamelCase()

txt = "hello world"

print(c.hump(txt))

import group modules

python

# import group modules

from spider import url_manager, html_downloader, html_parser, html_outputer

# 导入部分模块

from spider import url_manager

from spider import html_downloader

from spider import html_parser

from spider import html_outputer

create a module

# greeting_module.py

def greeting(name):

  print("Hello, " + name)

use a module

Note: When using a function from a module, use the syntax: module_name.function_name.

import greeting_module

greeting_module.greeting("xgqfrms")

# Hello, xgqfrms

import Module as Alias

module alias

human.py

person = {

  "name": "xgqfrms",

  "age": 23,

  "country": "China"

}

import human as man

age = man.person["age"]

print(age)

# 23

import Module as Alias_Module

# coding: utf8

# 导入整个模块

# import camelcase

# 模块名.函数名

# c = camelcase.CamelCase()

# txt = "hello world"

# print(c.hump(txt))

# 导入部分模块

# from camelcase import CamelCase

# 函数名

# c = CamelCase()

# txt = "hello world"

# print(c.hump(txt))

# import Module as Alias_Module

# 导入整个模块, 并且使用 Alias 模块别名

import camelcase as cc

c = cc.CamelCase()

txt = "hello world"

print(c.hump(txt))

"""bug

  # ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Camelcase'

  # AttributeError: module 'camelcase' has no attribute 'CamelCase'

  # This method capitalizes the first letter of each word.

"""

Built-in Modules

import platform

x = platform.system()

print(x)

list function names in a module

list all the function names (or variable names) in a module

Note: The dir() function can be used on all modules, also the ones you create yourself.

#!/usr/bin/env python3

# coding: utf8

__author__ = 'xgqfrms'

__editor__ = 'vscode'

__version__ = '1.0.1'

__copyright__ = """

  Copyright (c) 2012-2050, xgqfrms; mailto:xgqfrms@xgqfrms.xyz

"""

"""

  /**

   *

   * @author xgqfrms

   * @license MIT

   * @copyright xgqfrms

   * @created 2020-01-0

   *

   * @description

   * @augments

   * @example

   * @link

   *

  */

"""

import platform

dir = dir(platform)

# List all the defined names belonging to the `platform` module:

print(dir)

# ['DEV_NULL', '_UNIXCONFDIR', '_WIN32_CLIENT_RELEASES', '_WIN32_SERVER_RELEASES', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__copyright__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', '__version__', '_comparable_version', '_component_re', '_default_architecture', '_dist_try_harder', '_follow_symlinks', '_ironpython26_sys_version_parser', '_ironpython_sys_version_parser', '_java_getprop', '_libc_search', '_linux_distribution', '_lsb_release_version', '_mac_ver_xml', '_node', '_norm_version', '_parse_release_file', '_platform', '_platform_cache', '_pypy_sys_version_parser', '_release_filename', '_release_version', '_supported_dists', '_sys_version', '_sys_version_cache', '_sys_version_parser', '_syscmd_file', '_syscmd_uname', '_syscmd_ver', '_uname_cache', '_ver_output', '_ver_stages', 'architecture', 'collections', 'dist', 'java_ver', 'libc_ver', 'linux_distribution', 'mac_ver', 'machine', 'node', 'os', 'platform', 'popen', 'processor', 'python_branch', 'python_build', 'python_compiler', 'python_implementation', 'python_revision', 'python_version', 'python_version_tuple', 're', 'release', 'subprocess', 'sys', 'system', 'system_alias', 'uname', 'uname_result', 'version', 'warnings', 'win32_ver']

from Module import Function

You can choose to import only parts from a module, by using the from keyword.

test_module.py

# test_module has one function and one dictionary:

def greeting(name):

  print("Hello, " + name)

person = {

  "name": "xgqfrms",

  "age": 23,

  "country": "China"

}

from test_module import person

print (person["age"])

Note: When importing using the from keyword, do not use the module name when referring to elements in the module.

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camelcase bug

https://www.w3schools.com/python/showpython.asp?filename=demo_camelcase

import camelcase

c = camelcase.CamelCase()

txt = "hello world"

print(c.hump(txt))

# Hello World

refs

https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_modules.asp

https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-module.html

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