docker容器网络配置

Linux内核实现名称空间的创建

ip netns命令

可以借助ip netns命令来完成对 Network Namespace 的各种操作。ip netns命令来自于iproute安装包,一般系统会默认安装,如果没有的话,请自行安装。

注意:ip netns命令修改网络配置时需要 sudo 权限。

可以通过ip netns命令完成对Network Namespace 的相关操作,可以通过ip netns help查看命令帮助信息:

[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns help
Usage: ip netns list
       ip netns add NAME
       ip netns set NAME NETNSID
       ip [-all] netns delete [NAME]
       ip netns identify [PID]
       ip netns pids NAME
       ip [-all] netns exec [NAME] cmd ...
       ip netns monitor
       ip netns list-id

默认情况下,Linux系统中是没有任何 Network Namespace的,所以ip netns list命令不会返回任何信息。

 

创建Network Namespace

通过命令创建一个名为ns1的命名空间:

[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns list
[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns add ns1
[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns list
ns1

 新创建的 Network Namespace 会出现在/var/run/netns/目录下。如果相同名字的 namespace 已经存在,命令会报Cannot create namespace file "/var/run/netns/ns0": File exists的错误。

[root@Raygussie ~]# ls /var/run/netns
ns1
[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns add ns1
Cannot create namespace file "/var/run/netns/ns1": File exists

对于每个 Network Namespace 来说,它会有自己独立的网卡、路由表、ARP 表、iptables 等和网络相关的资源。

 

操作Network Namespace

ip命令提供了ip netns exec子命令可以在对应的 Network Namespace 中执行命令。

查看新创建 Network Namespace 的网卡信息

[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
//启动网卡
[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set lo up
[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

 可以看到,新创建的Network Namespace中会默认创建一个lo回环网卡,此时网卡处于关闭状态。此时,尝试去 ping 该lo回环网卡,会提示Network is unreachable

[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns exec ns2 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns exec ns2 ping 127.0.0.1
connect: Network is unreachable

通过下面的命令启用lo回环网卡:

[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns exec ns2 ip link set lo up
[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ping 127.0.0.1
PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.114 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.033 ms
^C
--- 127.0.0.1 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 13ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.033/0.073/0.114/0.041 ms

 

转移设备

我们可以在不同的 Network Namespace 之间转移设备(如veth)。由于一个设备只能属于一个 Network Namespace ,所以转移后在这个 Network Namespace 内就看不到这个设备了。

其中,veth设备属于可转移设备,而很多其它设备(如lo、vxlan、ppp、bridge等)是不可以转移的。

 

veth pair

veth pair 全称是 Virtual Ethernet Pair,是一个成对的端口,所有从这对端口一 端进入的数据包都将从另一端出来,反之也是一样。
引入veth pair是为了在不同的 Network Namespace 直接进行通信,利用它可以直接将两个 Network Namespace 连接起来。

docker容器网络配置

 

创建veth pair

[root@Raygussie ~]# ip link add type veth
[root@Raygussie ~]# ip link show
。。。。。。
4: veth0@veth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 0a:c8:2f:b4:cc:9a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: veth1@veth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether f2:6e:d1:9b:08:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

可以看到,此时系统中新增了一对veth pair,将veth0和veth1两个虚拟网卡连接了起来,此时这对 veth pair 处于”未启用“状态。

 

实现Network Namespace间通信

创建两个Network Namespace,一个命名为ns1,一个为ns2

[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns add ns1
Cannot create namespace file "/var/run/netns/ns1": File exists
[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns list
ns2
ns1

将veth0加入到ns1,将veth1加入到ns2

[root@Raygussie ~]# ip link set veth0 netns ns1
[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: veth0@if5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 0a:c8:2f:b4:cc:9a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0

//将veth1加入到ns2
[root@Raygussie ~]# ip link set veth1 netns ns2
[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns exec ns2 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: veth1@if4: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether f2:6e:d1:9b:08:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netns ns1
//分别为这对veth pair配置上ip地址,并启动
[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip addr add 1.1.1.1/8 dev veth0
[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set veth0 up
[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns exec ns2 ip addr add 1.1.1.2/8 dev veth1
[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns exec ns2 ip link set veth1 up

//查看这对veth pair的状态
[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: veth0@if5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 0a:c8:2f:b4:cc:9a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netns ns2
    inet 1.1.1.1/8 scope global veth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::8c8:2fff:feb4:cc9a/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever


[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns exec ns2 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: veth1@if4: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether f2:6e:d1:9b:08:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netns ns1
    inet 1.1.1.2/8 scope global veth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::f06e:d1ff:fe9b:88f/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

//用ns2命名空间来ping通ns1命名空间
[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns exec ns2 ping 1.1.1.1
PING 1.1.1.1 (1.1.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 1.1.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.142 ms
64 bytes from 1.1.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.113 ms
64 bytes from 1.1.1.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.040 ms
^C
--- 1.1.1.1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 57ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.040/0.098/0.142/0.043 ms

//veth pair成功实现了两个不同Network Namespace之间的网络交互

 

veth设备重命名

[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set veth0 down
[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set dev veth0 name eth0
[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set eth0 up
[root@Raygussie ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: eth0@if5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 0a:c8:2f:b4:cc:9a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netns ns2
    inet 1.1.1.1/8 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::8c8:2fff:feb4:cc9a/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

 

四种网络模式配置

 

bridge模式配置

[root@Raygussie ~]# docker run -it --rm --name mf busybox
/ # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02  
          inet addr:172.17.0.2  Bcast:172.17.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:586 (586.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
10: eth0@if11: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # exit


[root@Raygussie ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE              COMMAND              CREATED         STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
//在创建容器时添加--network bridge与不加--network选项效果是一致的
[root@Raygussie ~]# docker run -it --rm --network bridge busybox
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
8: eth0@if9: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.3/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:03  
          inet addr:172.17.0.3  Bcast:172.17.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:11 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:866 (866.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

/ # exit

 

none模式配置

没网络的,不能和外部通讯

[root@Raygussie ~]# docker run -it --rm --network none busybox
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # exit

 

container模式配置

//启动第一个容器,名字为mf
[root@Raygussie ~]# docker run -it --rm --name mf busybox
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
12: eth0@if13: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # 

//启动第二个容器,名字为quin
[root@Raygussie ~]# docker run -it --rm --name quin busybox
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
14: eth0@if15: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.3/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # exit

//退出quin容器后再与mf容器共享ip
[root@Raygussie ~]# docker run -it --rm --name quin --network container:mf busybox/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
12: eth0@if13: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # 

//在mf容器上创建一个目录
/ # mkdir data
/ # ls
bin   data  dev   etc   home  proc  root  sys   tmp   usr   var
/ # 

//到quin容器发现没有这个目录,因为文件系统是处于隔离状态,仅仅是共享了网络而已。
/ # ls
bin   dev   etc   home  proc  root  sys   tmp   usr   var

//在quin容器上部署一个站点
/ # echo 'helly world' > /tmp/index.html
/ # netstat -antl
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       
/ # httpd -h /tmp/
/ # netstat -antl
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       
tcp        0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      
/ # 

//在mf容器上用本地地址去访问此站点
/ # wget -O - 172.17.0.2
Connecting to 172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2:80)
writing to stdout
helly world
-                    100% |**********************************|    12  0:00:00 ETA
written to stdout

 

host模式配置(真正意义上的桥接模式)

[root@Raygussie ~]# docker run -it --name mf --rm --network host busybox
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:d4:5d:1d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.186.130/24 brd 192.168.186.255 scope global dynamic ens160
       valid_lft 1707sec preferred_lft 1707sec
    inet6 fe80::9102:9b4e:7d85:d875/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:93:27:a7:67 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:93ff:fe27:a767/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # ls /tmp/
/ # echo'hello world' > /tmp/index.html
sh: echohello world: not found
/ # echo 'hello world' > /tmp/index.html
/ # httpd -h /tmp/
/ # netstat -antl
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 192.168.186.130:22      192.168.186.1:54890     ESTABLISHED 
tcp        0      0 192.168.186.130:22      192.168.186.1:54792     ESTABLISHED 
tcp        0      0 192.168.186.130:22      192.168.186.1:55009     ESTABLISHED 
tcp        0      0 192.168.186.130:22      192.168.186.1:53856     ESTABLISHED 
tcp        0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      
/ # 

docker容器网络配置

此时如果我们在这个容器中启动一个http站点,我们就可以直接用宿主机的IP直接在浏览器中访问这个容器中的站点了。

 

 

容器的常用操作

查看容器的主机名

[root@Raygussie ~]# docker run -it --rm --name mf busybox
/ # hostname
359356ebbcbd
/ # 

 

在容器启动时注入主机名

[root@Raygussie ~]# docker run -it --rm --hostname mfdsg busybox
/ # hostname
mfdsg
/ # cat /etc/hosts   //自动写上去的
127.0.0.1    localhost
::1    localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0    ip6-localnet
ff00::0    ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1    ip6-allnodes
ff02::2    ip6-allrouters
172.17.0.2    mfdsg   //注入主机名时会自动创建主机名到IP的映射关系
/ # ping mfdsg
PING mfdsg (172.17.0.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.063 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.153 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.114 ms
^C
--- mfdsg ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.063/0.110/0.153 ms
/ # cat /etc/hostname
mfdsg

 

手动指定容器要使用的DNS

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --rm --hostname quin --dns 114.114.114.114 busybox
/ # cat /etc/resolv.conf 
search localdomain
nameserver 114.114.114.114
/ # hostname
quin
/ # ping www.baidu.com
PING www.baidu.com (182.61.200.7): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 182.61.200.7: seq=0 ttl=127 time=42.637 ms
64 bytes from 182.61.200.7: seq=1 ttl=127 time=24.979 ms
64 bytes from 182.61.200.7: seq=2 ttl=127 time=26.879 ms
^C
--- www.baidu.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 24.979/31.498/42.637 ms
/ # 

 

手动往/etc/hosts文件中注入主机名到IP地址的映射

[root@Raygussie ~]# docker run -it --rm --hostname quin --dns 114.114.114.114 --add-host quin2:172.17.0.2 busybox
/ # cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1    localhost
::1    localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0    ip6-localnet
ff00::0    ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1    ip6-allnodes
ff02::2    ip6-allrouters
172.17.0.2    quin2
172.17.0.3    quin
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
10: eth0@if11: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.3/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # ping quin
PING quin (172.17.0.3): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.17.0.3: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.100 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.3: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.040 ms
^C
--- quin ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.040/0.070/0.100 ms
/ # ping quin2
PING quin2 (172.17.0.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.153 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.078 ms
^C
--- quin2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.078/0.115/0.153 ms
/ # 

 

开放容器端口

执行docker run的时候有个-p选项,可以将容器中的应用端口映射到宿主机中,从而实现让外部主机可以通过访问宿主机的某端口来访问容器内应用的目的。

-p选项能够使用多次,其所能够暴露的端口必须是容器确实在监听的端口。

-p选项的使用格式:

  • -p <containerPort>
    • 将指定的容器端口映射至主机所有地址的一个动态端口
  • -p <hostPort>:<containerPort>
    • 将容器端口<containerPort>映射至指定的主机端口<hostPort>
  • -p <ip>::<containerPort>
    • 将指定的容器端口<containerPort>映射至主机指定<ip>的动态端口
  • -p <ip>:<hostPort>:<containerPort>
    • 将指定的容器端口<containerPort>映射至主机指定<ip>的端口<hostPort>

动态端口指的是随机端口,具体的映射结果可使用docker port命令查看。

 

-p <containerPort>

将指定的容器端口映射至主机所有地址的一个动态端口

[root@Raygussie ~]# docker run -itd -p 80 httpd
6583addaa684bbebfaf54c9f16e6e26018adacaf4fc9f45e1a7253f08ed3ad60
[root@Raygussie ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                   NAMES
6583addaa684   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   9 seconds ago   Up 7 seconds   0.0.0.0:49154->80/tcp   silly_wilbur
[root@Raygussie ~]# ss -antl
State    Recv-Q    Send-Q        Local Address:Port          Peer Address:Port    
LISTEN   0         128                 0.0.0.0:22                 0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         128                 0.0.0.0:49154              0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         128                    [::]:22                    [::]:*       
[root@Raygussie ~]# curl 172.17.0.2
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>

docker容器网络配置

-p <hostPort>:<containerPort>

将容器端口<containerPort>映射至指定的主机端口<hostPort>

[root@Raygussie ~]# docker run -d -p 99:80 httpd
123d7a5c7c79eeeb9b6ff3dbe8ca3c11d5bc2012e0574898528a3bf1500f9e86
[root@Raygussie ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE              COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS                   NAMES
123d7a5c7c79   httpd              "httpd-foreground"   7 seconds ago    Up 5 seconds                0.0.0.0:99->80/tcp      adoring_visvesvaraya
[root@Raygussie ~]# ss -antl
State    Recv-Q    Send-Q        Local Address:Port          Peer Address:Port    
LISTEN   0         128                 0.0.0.0:22                 0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         128                 0.0.0.0:49154              0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         128                 0.0.0.0:99                 0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         128                    [::]:22                    [::]:*       
[root@Raygussie ~]# curl 172.17.0.3
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
[root@Raygussie ~]# curl 192.168.186.130:99
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
[root@Raygussie ~]# 

-p <ip>::<containerPort>

将指定的容器端口<containerPort>映射至主机指定<ip>的动态端口

[root@Raygussie ~]# docker run -d --rm -p 192.168.186.130::80 httpd
1409ead9ca616dd1594a48224590e8f49aa7d25a8a1c7bf79354e053b3b05ffd
[root@Raygussie ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                           NAMES
1409ead9ca61   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   10 seconds ago   Up 7 seconds    192.168.186.130:49153->80/tcp   infallible_thompson
123d7a5c7c79   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   5 minutes ago    Up 5 minutes    0.0.0.0:99->80/tcp              adoring_visvesvaraya
6583addaa684   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   17 minutes ago   Up 17 minutes   0.0.0.0:49154->80/tcp           silly_wilbur
[root@Raygussie ~]# ss -antl
State    Recv-Q    Send-Q          Local Address:Port        Peer Address:Port    
LISTEN   0         128                   0.0.0.0:22               0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         128           192.168.186.130:49153            0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         128                   0.0.0.0:49154            0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         128                   0.0.0.0:99               0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         128                      [::]:22                  [::]:*       
[root@Raygussie ~]# curl 172.17.0.4
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
[root@Raygussie ~]# curl 192.168.186.130:49153
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>

-p <ip>:<hostPort>:<containerPort>

将指定的容器端口<containerPort>映射至主机指定<ip>的端口<hostPort>

[root@Raygussie ~]# docker run -d --rm -p 192.168.186.130:80:80 httpd
218ee35acadf0ca06a7453802f04a1a91a143d0d0c2520293432dc328bc6c8a0
[root@Raygussie ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                           NAMES
218ee35acadf   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   16 seconds ago   Up 14 seconds   192.168.186.130:80->80/tcp      distracted_easley
[root@Raygussie ~]# ss -antl
State    Recv-Q    Send-Q          Local Address:Port        Peer Address:Port    
LISTEN   0         128                   0.0.0.0:22               0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         128           192.168.186.130:49153            0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         128                   0.0.0.0:49154            0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         128                   0.0.0.0:99               0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         128           192.168.186.130:80               0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         128                      [::]:22                  [::]:*       
[root@Raygussie ~]# curl 172.17.0.5
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
[root@Raygussie ~]# curl 192.168.186.130:80
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>

 

 

动态端口指的是随机端口,具体的映射结果可使用docker port命令查看。

[root@Raygussie ~]# docker port 218ee35acadf
80/tcp -> 192.168.186.130:80

 

iptables防火墙规则将随容器的创建自动生成,随容器的删除自动删除规则。

将容器端口映射到指定IP的随机端口

[root@Raygussie ~]# iptables -t nat -nvL
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 33 packets, 2506 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
   14   728 DOCKER     all  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL

Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 5 packets, 260 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         

Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 26 packets, 2368 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
    6   404 MASQUERADE  all  --  *      !docker0  172.17.0.0/16        0.0.0.0/0           
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.2           172.17.0.2           tcp dpt:80
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.3           172.17.0.3           tcp dpt:80
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.4           172.17.0.4           tcp dpt:80
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.5           172.17.0.5           tcp dpt:80

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 21 packets, 2076 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
    3   180 DOCKER     all  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0           !127.0.0.0/8          ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL

Chain DOCKER (2 references)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
    0     0 RETURN     all  --  docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
    4   208 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:49154 to:172.17.0.2:80
    0     0 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:99 to:172.17.0.3:80
    0     0 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            192.168.186.130      tcp dpt:49153 to:172.17.0.4:80
    0     0 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            192.168.186.130      tcp dpt:80 to:172.17.0.5:80

docker ps -q 只取出容器ID

[root@Raygussie ~]# docker ps -q
218ee35acadf
1409ead9ca61
123d7a5c7c79
6583addaa684
[root@Raygussie ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                           NAMES
218ee35acadf   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   14 minutes ago   Up 14 minutes   192.168.186.130:80->80/tcp      distracted_easley
1409ead9ca61   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   18 minutes ago   Up 18 minutes   192.168.186.130:49153->80/tcp   infallible_thompson
123d7a5c7c79   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   23 minutes ago   Up 23 minutes   0.0.0.0:99->80/tcp              adoring_visvesvaraya
6583addaa684   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   35 minutes ago   Up 35 minutes   0.0.0.0:49154->80/tcp           silly_wilbur

停下所有容器

[root@Raygussie ~]# docker stop $(docker ps -q)
218ee35acadf
1409ead9ca61
123d7a5c7c79
6583addaa684
[root@Raygussie ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@Raygussie ~]# 

 删除所有容器

[root@Raygussie ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)

 

自定义docker0桥的网络属性信息

官方文档 https://docs.docker.com/network/bridge/

自定义docker0桥的网络属性信息需要修改/etc/docker/daemon.json配置文件

[root@Raygussie ~]# vi /etc/docker/daemon.json 

{

           "bip": "192.168.30.1/24",
           "registry-mirrors": ["https://zyva0762.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}

[root@Raygussie ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@Raygussie ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@Raygussie ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:d4:5d:1d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.186.130/24 brd 192.168.186.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft 1758sec preferred_lft 1758sec
    inet6 fe80::9102:9b4e:7d85:d875/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default 
    link/ether 02:42:63:f4:d0:a1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.30.1/24 brd 192.168.30.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@Raygussie ~]# docker run -it --rm busybox
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: eth0@if5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:c0:a8:1e:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.30.2/24 brd 192.168.30.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.30.1    0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0
192.168.30.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
/ # 

核心选项为bip,即bridge ip之意,用于指定docker0桥自身的IP地址;其它选项可通过此地址计算得出。

 

docker远程连接

dockerd守护进程的C/S,其默认仅监听Unix Socket格式的地址(/var/run/docker.sock),如果要使用TCP套接字,则需要修改/etc/docker/daemon.json配置文件,添加如下内容,然后重启docker服务:

"hosts": ["tcp://0.0.0.0:2375", "unix:///var/run/docker.sock"]

在客户端上向dockerd直接传递“-H|--host”选项指定要控制哪台主机上的docker容器

docker -H 192.168.10.145:2375 ps

 

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