Oralce 按分隔符把一列转成多行

1.前言

  最近因项目需求,需要把员工的工作组返回给前台,但是数据库是把员工的工作组Id,都存在一个字段内了(以“逗号”分隔),而这样不符合前台的需要,他们需要一行,一行的数据。如:

  数据库:

userId, workgroup
,,
,,

  前台需要:

userId, workgroup

2. 分析思路:

  大体的思路是这样的:

  首先:要知道,每一员工最多有多少个组。

  其次:建一个有关“数”的临时表,与上面的组数进行关联,这样就出现了“多”行

  最后:多“行”有了,剩下的就是对每一行的组进行刷选。如第一行取第一个逗号左边的,第二行取第二个逗号左边的, 依此类推。

3. 实现:

  根据上次的思路,来实现:

  第一步: 

with v_usergroups as (select '' as userId,'10,12,15' as workgroups from dual
union
select '' as userId,'2,4,5' as workgroups from dual
)
select userid,',' || workgroups ||',' AS tempgroups,length(workgroups || ',') - nvl(length(REPLACE(workgroups, ',')), 0) AS groupcount FROM v_usergroups

  PS: 这里在"workgroup" 的前后也加了逗号,是为了后面使用方面。

  第二步:

select LEVEL lv from dual CONNECT BY LEVEL <= 5

  PS:这里的5,我们是根据业务需要,每一员工最多分为5个组,当然也可以写其他的值,但一定要大于第一步求得的"groupcount".

  到这里后,我们对这两个表进行关联,看看值怎么样:

with v_usergroups as (select '' as userId,'10,12,15' as workgroups from dual
union
select '' as userId,'2,4,5' as workgroups from dual
)
select * from
(select userid,',' || workgroups ||',' AS tempgroups,length(workgroups || ',') - nvl(length(REPLACE(workgroups, ',')), 0) AS groupcount FROM v_usergroups ) a,
(select LEVEL lv from dual CONNECT BY LEVEL <= 5) b where b.lv<=a.groupcount
order by userid,lv
       USERID    TEMPGROUPS    GROUPCOUNT    LV
1 1001 ,10,12,15, 3 1
2 1001 ,10,12,15, 3 2
3 1001 ,10,12,15, 3 3
4 1002 ,2,4,5, 3 1
5 1002 ,2,4,5, 3 2
6 1002 ,2,4,5, 3 3

  到这里,就离我们最终的结果很近了。 只需要在外层对"tempgroups"做一下简单的处理就可以了:

  第三步:

    这一步的主要思路就是:截串。第一个组应该是第一逗号和第二个逗号之间的值,第二个组应该是第二个逗号与第三个逗号之间的值,那第一个,和第二个如何表示呢,其实就是利用字段lv。也就是:

    substr(tempgroups,instr(tempgroups, ',', 1, lv) + 1,instr(tempgroups, ',', 1, lv + 1) - (instr(tempgroups, ',', 1, lv) + 1))

    最后的SQL 如下:

with v_usergroups as (select '' as userId,'10,12,15' as workgroups from dual
union
select '' as userId,'2,4,5' as workgroups from dual
)
select userid,substr(tempgroups,instr(tempgroups, ',', 1, lv) + 1,instr(tempgroups, ',', 1, lv + 1) - (instr(tempgroups, ',', 1, lv) + 1)) from
(select userid,',' || workgroups ||',' AS tempgroups,length(workgroups || ',') - nvl(length(REPLACE(workgroups, ',')), 0) AS groupcount FROM v_usergroups ) a,
(select LEVEL lv from dual CONNECT BY LEVEL <= 5) b where b.lv<=a.groupcount
order by userid,lv
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