题目
来源:力扣(LeetCode)
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/design-add-and-search-words-data-structure
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请你设计一个数据结构,支持 添加新单词 和 查找字符串是否与任何先前添加的字符串匹配
实现词典类 WordDictionary :
- WordDictionary() 初始化词典对象
- void addWord(word) 将 word 添加到数据结构中,之后可以对它进行匹配
- bool search(word) 如果数据结构中存在字符串与 word 匹配,则返回 true ;否则,返回 false 。word 中可能包含一些 '.' ,每个 . 都可以表示任何一个字母。
示例
输入:
["WordDictionary","addWord","addWord","addWord","search","search","search","search"]
[[],["bad"],["dad"],["mad"],["pad"],["bad"],[".ad"],["b.."]]
输出:
[null,null,null,null,false,true,true,true]解释:
WordDictionary wordDictionary = new WordDictionary();
wordDictionary.addWord("bad");
wordDictionary.addWord("dad");
wordDictionary.addWord("mad");
wordDictionary.search("pad"); // return False
wordDictionary.search("bad"); // return True
wordDictionary.search(".ad"); // return True
wordDictionary.search("b.."); // return True
思路(字典树)
其实就类似于哈夫曼树的前缀编码,每一层有26种可能性,尽头的节点的isEnd设置为true,因为没有一个编码是另外一个编码的前缀,所以称为前缀编码
答案
var WordDictionary = function() {
this.trieRoot = new TrieNode();
};
/**
* @param {string} word
* @return {void}
*/
WordDictionary.prototype.addWord = function(word) {
this.trieRoot.insert(word);
};
/**
* @param {string} word
* @return {boolean}
*/
WordDictionary.prototype.search = function (word) {
const dfs = (index, node) => {
if (index === word.length) {
return node.isEnd;
}
const ch = word[index];
if (ch !== '.') {
const child = node.children[ch.charCodeAt() - 'a'.charCodeAt()]
if (child && dfs(index + 1, child)) {
return true;
}
} else {
for (const child of node.children) {
if (child && dfs(index + 1, child)) {
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
return dfs(0, this.trieRoot);
};
class TrieNode{
constructor() {
this.children=new Array(26).fill(0);
this.isEnd=false;
}
insert(word) {
let node=this;
for(let i=0;i<word.length;i++)
{
const ch=word[i];
const index=ch.charCodeAt()-'a'.charCodeAt();
if(node.children[index] === 0){
node.children[index]=new TrieNode();
}
node=node.children[index]
}
node.isEnd=true;
}
getChildren() {
return this.children;
}
isEnd() {
return this.isEnd;
}
}
/**
* Your WordDictionary object will be instantiated and called as such:
* var obj = new WordDictionary()
* obj.addWord(word)
* var param_2 = obj.search(word)
*/