1、资源
a、FPGA控制板；
b、两个级联的74HC595控制 8段8位共阳极数码管；
c、两个按键；
2、想法
实现秒表功能；
初始状态，秒表零。
按下按键1：开始跑秒；
再次按下按键1，停止跑秒；---->往后分两种情况：
---->a、再次按下按键1，继续跑秒；
---->b、再次按下按键2，秒表清零。
3、实现
3.1、模块划分
a、时间模块：计时功能
b、BCD码转换模块：将2进制转换成10进制；
c、数码管动态显示模块；
d、按键检测模块；
e、整合模块。
3.2、具体实现
此处补模块图
3.2.1、时间模块
板载时钟20ns周期，计算计数值如下表。
输入：
开始计时、停止计时、计时清零
输出：
1ms计时完成、时间值
模块图
代码：
1 `timescale 1ns/10ps 2 module ShiJian_JiShuQi( 3 clk, 4 rst_n, 5 JiShuQi_KaiShi, 6 JiShuQi_TingZhi, 7 JiShuQi_QingLing, 8 JiShu_1ms_WanCheng, 9 ShiJianZhi 10 ); 11 input clk; 12 input rst_n; 13 input JiShuQi_KaiShi; //开始计数 14 input JiShuQi_TingZhi; //暂停计数 15 input JiShuQi_QingLing; //清零计数器 16 output JiShu_1ms_WanCheng; //计数1ms完成 17 output reg [22:0]ShiJianZhi; //输出时间值 精确到ms 18 19 reg JiShuQi_ZhuangTai; //计时状态，计时置1，停止计时置0 20 reg [5:0]JiShuQi_ns ; //ns计数器 21 reg [9:0]JiShuQi_us ; //us计数器 22 reg [9:0]JiShuQi_ms ; //ms计数器 23 reg [5:0]JiShuQi_s ; //s计数器 24 reg [6:0]JiShuQi_min; //分钟计数器 25 26 wire JiShu_1us_WanCheng; //完成1us计数，时间进位标志 27 // wire JiShu_1ms_WanCheng; //完成1ms计数，时间进位标志 28 wire JiShu_1s_WanCheng; //完成1s计数，时间进位标志 29 wire JiShu_1min_WanCheng; //完成1min计数，时间进位标志 30 wire JiShu_max; //记满120分钟，时间清零 31 32 localparam //系统时钟20ns 33 JiShuQi_ns_max = 6‘d49, //1000ns 34 JiShuQi_us_max = 10‘d999, //1000us 35 JiShuQi_ms_max = 10‘d999, //1000ms 36 JiShuQi_s_max = 6‘d59, //1s 37 JiShuQi_min_max = 7‘d120; //120min 38 //仿真 39 /* localparam 40 JiShuQi_ns_max = 6‘d5, 41 JiShuQi_us_max = 10‘d5, 42 JiShuQi_ms_max = 10‘d5, 43 JiShuQi_s_max = 6‘d5, 44 JiShuQi_min_max = 7‘d120; */ 45 46 assign JiShu_1us_WanCheng = JiShuQi_ns == JiShuQi_ns_max?1‘b1:1‘b0;//ns计数器记满时进位标志1 47 assign JiShu_1ms_WanCheng = (JiShuQi_us == JiShuQi_us_max)&&JiShu_1us_WanCheng?1‘b1:1‘b0;//us 48 assign JiShu_1s_WanCheng = (JiShuQi_ms == JiShuQi_ms_max)&&JiShu_1ms_WanCheng?1‘b1:1‘b0; 49 assign JiShu_1min_WanCheng = (JiShuQi_s == JiShuQi_s_max)&&JiShu_1s_WanCheng?1‘b1:1‘b0; 50 assign JiShu_max = (JiShuQi_min== JiShuQi_min_max)&&JiShu_1min_WanCheng?1‘b1:1‘b0; 51 52 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) 53 if(!rst_n) 54 #1 JiShuQi_ZhuangTai <= 1‘b0; 55 else if(JiShuQi_KaiShi) //开始置1 56 #1 JiShuQi_ZhuangTai <= 1‘b1; 57 else if(JiShuQi_TingZhi) //停止置0 58 #1 JiShuQi_ZhuangTai <= 1‘b0; 59 else 60 #1 JiShuQi_ZhuangTai <= JiShuQi_ZhuangTai; 61 //ns计数器 62 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) 63 if(!rst_n) 64 #1 JiShuQi_ns <= 6‘d0; 65 else if(JiShu_1us_WanCheng || JiShuQi_QingLing) 66 #1 JiShuQi_ns <= 6‘d0; 67 else if(JiShuQi_ZhuangTai) 68 #1 JiShuQi_ns <= JiShuQi_ns + 1‘b1; 69 else //无计时状态时时间值保持 70 #1 JiShuQi_ns <= JiShuQi_ns; 71 //us计数器 72 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) 73 if(!rst_n) 74 #1 JiShuQi_us <= 10‘d0; 75 else if((JiShu_1ms_WanCheng&&JiShu_1us_WanCheng) || JiShuQi_QingLing) 76 #1 JiShuQi_us <= 10‘d0; 77 else if(JiShuQi_ZhuangTai && JiShu_1us_WanCheng) 78 #1 JiShuQi_us <= JiShuQi_us + 1‘b1; 79 else 80 #1 JiShuQi_us <= JiShuQi_us; 81 //ms计数器 82 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) 83 if(!rst_n) 84 #1 JiShuQi_ms <= 10‘d0; 85 else if((JiShu_1s_WanCheng&&JiShu_1ms_WanCheng) || JiShuQi_QingLing) 86 #1 JiShuQi_ms <= 10‘d0; 87 else if(JiShuQi_ZhuangTai && JiShu_1ms_WanCheng) 88 #1 JiShuQi_ms <= JiShuQi_ms + 1‘b1; 89 else 90 #1 JiShuQi_ms <= JiShuQi_ms; 91 //s计数器 92 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) 93 if(!rst_n) 94 #1 JiShuQi_s <= 6‘d0; 95 else if((JiShu_1min_WanCheng && JiShu_1s_WanCheng) || JiShuQi_QingLing) 96 #1 JiShuQi_s <= 6‘d0; 97 else if(JiShuQi_ZhuangTai && JiShu_1s_WanCheng) 98 #1 JiShuQi_s <= JiShuQi_s + 1‘b1; 99 else 100 #1 JiShuQi_s <= JiShuQi_s; 101 //min计数器 102 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) 103 if(!rst_n) 104 #1 JiShuQi_min <= 7‘d0; 105 else if((JiShu_max&&JiShu_1min_WanCheng) || JiShuQi_QingLing) 106 #1 JiShuQi_min <= 7‘d0; 107 else if(JiShuQi_ZhuangTai && JiShu_1min_WanCheng) 108 #1 JiShuQi_min <= JiShuQi_min + 1‘b1; 109 else 110 #1 JiShuQi_min <= JiShuQi_min; 111 //输出时间值 112 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) 113 if(!rst_n) 114 #1 ShiJianZhi <= 23‘d0; 115 else if(JiShu_1ms_WanCheng) 116 #1 ShiJianZhi <= {JiShuQi_min,JiShuQi_s,JiShuQi_ms}; 117 else 118 #1 ShiJianZhi <= ShiJianZhi; 119 120 endmodule
仿真：
1 `timescale 1ns/10ps 2 `define clk_period 20 3 module ShiJian_JiShuQi_tb(); 4 reg clk ; 5 reg rst_n; 6 reg JiShuQi_KaiShi; 7 8 initial clk = 0; 9 always#(`clk_period/2) clk = ~clk; 10 11 initial begin 12 JiShuQi_KaiShi = 0; 13 rst_n = 0; 14 #(`clk_period*2); rst_n = 1; 15 #(`clk_period*2);JiShuQi_KaiShi = 1; 16 #(`clk_period*1);JiShuQi_KaiShi = 0; 17 18 #(`clk_period*1000*10); 19 $stop; 20 end 21 ShiJian_JiShuQi ShiJian_JiShuQi( 22 .clk(clk), 23 .rst_n(rst_n), 24 .JiShuQi_KaiShi(JiShuQi_KaiShi), 25 .JiShuQi_TingZhi(), 26 .JiShuQi_QingLing(), 27 .JiShu_1ms_WanCheng(), 28 .ShiJianZhi() 29 ); 30 endmodule
仿真图：
3.2.2 BCD转换模块
此处参考：https://blog.csdn.net/xs20180801/article/details/84716098
BCD转换模块作用是将输入的时间值【分-分-分-秒-秒-毫秒-毫秒-毫秒】转换成BCD码，共32位。
BCD转换模块在此处分BCD转换模块和BCD控制模块。
a、BCD转换模块：
功能：即将输入的10位2进制数（此处去值最大的毫秒值，最大值为999）转换为【11：0】的BCD码--->【11:8】、【7:4】、【3:0】。
输入：
转换使能、待转换数值【9:0】
输出：
转换完成使能、BCD转换值【11:0】。
b、BCD转换控制模块：
功能：也就是依次将需要转换的数值【分分分】、【秒秒】、【毫秒毫秒毫秒】送入BCD转换模块，并取出BCD转换值组合后输出。此处也可以例化成3个BCD转换模块，同时转换。时间重要还是面积重要来取舍。
输入：
BCD转换使能（此处将计时器1ms计时完成信号做使能）
待转换数值【22:0】（时间值）
输出：
转换完成使能
BCD转换值【31:0】（完整值）。
BCD转换模块代码
1 `timescale 1ns/10ps 2 module BCD_ZhuanHuan_module( 3 clk, 4 rst_n, 5 BCD_KaiShi, 6 BCD_DaiZhuanZhi, 7 BCD_WanCheng, 8 BCD_Zhi 9 ); 10 input clk; 11 input rst_n; 12 input BCD_KaiShi; //开始转换 13 input [9:0]BCD_DaiZhuanZhi; //待转换数值 14 output reg BCD_WanCheng; //本次转换完成 15 output reg [11:0]BCD_Zhi; //BCD转换值 16 17 reg [21:0]BCD_YiWei; //10 + 3 * 4 = 22 位 结构【BCD值 + 原始值】 18 reg [3:0]BCD_JiShuQi; //移位次数 19 reg ZhuanHuan_ZhuangTai; //BCD转换状态 20 21 localparam YiWeiZhi = 4‘d10; //计数10次:0~9移位;10值输出 22 wire ZhuanHuan_WanCheng; //转换完成标志 23 24 assign ZhuanHuan_WanCheng = BCD_JiShuQi == YiWeiZhi ? 1‘b1:1‘b0;//计数器计数10时使能 25 // 26 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) 27 if(!rst_n) 28 #1 ZhuanHuan_ZhuangTai <= 1‘b0; 29 else if(BCD_KaiShi) 30 #1 ZhuanHuan_ZhuangTai <= 1‘b1; 31 else if(ZhuanHuan_WanCheng) 32 #1 ZhuanHuan_ZhuangTai <= 1‘b0; 33 else 34 #1 ZhuanHuan_ZhuangTai <= ZhuanHuan_ZhuangTai; 35 //移位计数器 36 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) 37 if(!rst_n) 38 #1 BCD_JiShuQi <= 4‘d0; 39 else if(ZhuanHuan_WanCheng) 40 #1 BCD_JiShuQi <= 4‘d0; 41 else if(ZhuanHuan_ZhuangTai) 42 #1 BCD_JiShuQi <= BCD_JiShuQi + 1‘b1; 43 else 44 #1 BCD_JiShuQi <= 4‘d0; 45 //左移加3 此处用阻塞赋值 46 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) 47 if(!rst_n) 48 #1 BCD_YiWei = 22‘d0; 49 else if(BCD_KaiShi) //开始只能是一个脉冲 50 #1 BCD_YiWei = {12‘d0,BCD_DaiZhuanZhi};//装载初始值 51 else if(ZhuanHuan_ZhuangTai && BCD_JiShuQi < YiWeiZhi)begin//0~9移位 52 #1 if(BCD_YiWei[21:18] >= 3‘d5) BCD_YiWei[21:18] = BCD_YiWei[21:18] + 2‘d3; 53 #1 if(BCD_YiWei[17:14] >= 3‘d5) BCD_YiWei[17:14] = BCD_YiWei[17:14] + 2‘d3; 54 #1 if(BCD_YiWei[13:10] >= 3‘d5) BCD_YiWei[13:10] = BCD_YiWei[13:10] + 2‘d3; 55 #1 BCD_YiWei = BCD_YiWei << 1‘b1; 56 end 57 else //清零 58 #1 BCD_YiWei = 22‘d0; 59 // 60 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) 61 if(!rst_n) 62 #1 BCD_Zhi <= 12‘d0; 63 else if(ZhuanHuan_WanCheng) 64 #0.5 BCD_Zhi <= BCD_YiWei[21:10]; 65 else 66 #1 BCD_Zhi <= 12‘d0; 67 // 68 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)//此处延迟一个时钟周期，与值一起送出去 69 if(!rst_n) 70 #1 BCD_WanCheng <= 1‘b0; 71 else 72 #1 BCD_WanCheng <= ZhuanHuan_WanCheng; 73 endmodule
BCD转换模块仿真
1 `timescale 1ns/10ps 2 `define clk_period 20 3 module BCD_ZhuanHuan_module_tb(); 4 reg clk; 5 reg rst_n; 6 reg BCD_KaiShi; 7 reg [9:0]BCD_DaiZhuanZhi; 8 9 initial clk = 0; 10 always#(`clk_period/2) clk = ~clk; 11 12 initial begin 13 rst_n = 0; 14 BCD_KaiShi = 0; 15 BCD_DaiZhuanZhi = 10‘d0; 16 #(`clk_period*3) rst_n = 1; 17 #(`clk_period*3) ; 18 BCD_KaiShi = 1; 19 BCD_DaiZhuanZhi = 10‘d999; 20 #(`clk_period*1) ; 21 BCD_KaiShi = 0; 22 23 #(`clk_period*20) ; 24 $stop; 25 26 27 end 28 29 30 BCD_ZhuanHuan_module BCD_ZhuanHuan_module( 31 .clk(clk), 32 .rst_n(rst_n), 33 .BCD_KaiShi(BCD_KaiShi), 34 .BCD_DaiZhuanZhi(BCD_DaiZhuanZhi), 35 .BCD_WanCheng(), 36 .BCD_Zhi() 37 ); 38 endmodule
BCD转换模块仿真图
BCD控制模块代码
1 `timescale 1ns/10ps 2 module BCD_KongZhi_module( 3 clk, 4 rst_n, 5 BCD_KongZhi_KaiShi, 6 ShiJianZhi, 7 BCD_ZhuanHuanZhi, 8 BCD_ZhuanHuan_WanCheng 9 ); 10 input clk; 11 input rst_n; 12 input BCD_KongZhi_KaiShi; //此处接1ms转换完成信号 13 input [22:0]ShiJianZhi; 14 output reg [31:0]BCD_ZhuanHuanZhi; 15 output reg BCD_ZhuanHuan_WanCheng; 16 17 localparam KongXian_ZhuangTai = 2‘b00, //空闲状态 18 BCD_FuZhi_ZhuangTai = 2‘b01, //给BCD转换模块赋值 19 DengDaiZhuanHuan_ZhuangTai = 2‘b10; //等待BCD转换模块转换完成 20 reg[1:0]CS; 21 reg[1:0]NS; 22 reg[1:0]JiShuQi; 23 wire BCD_WanCheng; 24 wire [11:0]BCD_Zhi; 25 reg BCD_KaiShi; 26 reg[9:0]BCD_DaiZhuanZhi; 27 reg[22:0]ShiJianZhi_JiCunQi; 28 //1 29 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) 30 if(!rst_n) 31 #1 CS <= 2‘d0; 32 else 33 #1 CS <= NS; 34 //2 35 always@(BCD_KongZhi_KaiShi,BCD_WanCheng,CS,JiShuQi)begin 36 NS = 2‘bxx; 37 case(CS) 38 KongXian_ZhuangTai : 39 if(BCD_KongZhi_KaiShi) //开始使能、状态改变 40 NS = BCD_FuZhi_ZhuangTai; 41 else 42 NS = KongXian_ZhuangTai; 43 BCD_FuZhi_ZhuangTai : 44 NS = DengDaiZhuanHuan_ZhuangTai; //赋值后，直接进入等待转换状态 45 DengDaiZhuanHuan_ZhuangTai :begin 46 if(BCD_WanCheng && JiShuQi == 2‘d2)//共需转换3次，若转换完，直接进入空闲状态 47 NS = KongXian_ZhuangTai; 48 else if(BCD_WanCheng && JiShuQi < 2‘d2)//未转换完，再次进入赋值状态 49 NS = BCD_FuZhi_ZhuangTai; 50 else 51 NS = DengDaiZhuanHuan_ZhuangTai; 52 end 53 default:NS = KongXian_ZhuangTai; 54 endcase 55 end 56 //3 57 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) 58 if(!rst_n)begin 59 BCD_KaiShi <= 1‘b0; 60 JiShuQi <= 2‘d0; //计数器也在此处赋值 61 BCD_ZhuanHuanZhi <= 32‘d0; //值整合也在此处实现 62 BCD_ZhuanHuan_WanCheng <= 1‘b0; 63 end 64 else begin 65 case(CS) 66 KongXian_ZhuangTai:begin 67 #1 JiShuQi <= 2‘d0; 68 BCD_KaiShi <= 1‘b0; 69 BCD_ZhuanHuanZhi <= 32‘d0; //BCD转换值每次都清零 70 BCD_ZhuanHuan_WanCheng <= 1‘b0; 71 end 72 BCD_FuZhi_ZhuangTai:begin 73 #1 BCD_KaiShi <= 1‘b1; 74 end 75 DengDaiZhuanHuan_ZhuangTai:begin 76 #1 BCD_KaiShi <= 1‘b0; 77 if(BCD_WanCheng && JiShuQi == 2‘d0)begin 78 JiShuQi <= JiShuQi + 1‘b1; 79 BCD_ZhuanHuanZhi[11:0] <= BCD_Zhi; 80 end 81 else if(BCD_WanCheng && JiShuQi == 2‘d1)begin 82 JiShuQi <= JiShuQi + 1‘b1; 83 BCD_ZhuanHuanZhi[19:12] <= BCD_Zhi[7:0]; 84 end 85 else if(BCD_WanCheng && JiShuQi == 2‘d2)begin 86 BCD_ZhuanHuanZhi[31:20] <= BCD_Zhi; 87 BCD_ZhuanHuan_WanCheng <= 1‘b1; 88 end 89 else begin 90 JiShuQi <= JiShuQi; 91 BCD_ZhuanHuanZhi <= BCD_ZhuanHuanZhi; 92 end 93 end 94 default:begin 95 BCD_KaiShi <= 1‘b0; 96 JiShuQi <= 2‘d0; 97 BCD_ZhuanHuanZhi <= 32‘d0; 98 BCD_ZhuanHuan_WanCheng <= 1‘b0; 99 end 100 endcase 101 end 102 //时间值寄存 103 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) 104 if(!rst_n) 105 #1 ShiJianZhi_JiCunQi <= 22‘d0; 106 else if(BCD_KongZhi_KaiShi) 107 #1 ShiJianZhi_JiCunQi <= ShiJianZhi; 108 else 109 #1 ShiJianZhi_JiCunQi <= ShiJianZhi_JiCunQi; 110 //待转换数值，直接用查找表实现的。个人感觉比较直观些 111 always@(*) 112 case(JiShuQi) 113 2‘d0:BCD_DaiZhuanZhi = ShiJianZhi_JiCunQi[9:0]; //转ms 114 2‘d1:BCD_DaiZhuanZhi = {4‘b0000,ShiJianZhi_JiCunQi[15:10]}; 115 2‘d2:BCD_DaiZhuanZhi = {3‘b000,ShiJianZhi_JiCunQi[22:16]}; 116 default:BCD_DaiZhuanZhi = 10‘d0; 117 endcase 118 BCD_ZhuanHuan_module BCD_ZhuanHuan_module( 119 .clk(clk), 120 .rst_n(rst_n), 121 .BCD_KaiShi(BCD_KaiShi), 122 .BCD_DaiZhuanZhi(BCD_DaiZhuanZhi), 123 .BCD_WanCheng(BCD_WanCheng), 124 .BCD_Zhi(BCD_Zhi) 125 ); 126 endmodule
BCD控制模块仿真代码
1 `timescale 1ns/10ps 2 `define clk_period 20 3 module BCD_KongZhi_module_tb(); 4 reg clk; 5 reg rst_n; 6 reg KaiShi; 7 reg [22:0]ShiJianZhi; 8 initial clk = 1; 9 always#(`clk_period/2) clk = ~clk; 10 11 initial begin 12 rst_n = 0; 13 KaiShi = 0; 14 ShiJianZhi = 23‘d0; 15 #(`clk_period*2) rst_n = 1; //时间值：12：58:332 16 #(`clk_period*5) ;KaiShi = 1; ShiJianZhi = 23‘b000_1100_11_1010_01_0100_1100; 17 #(`clk_period*1) KaiShi = 0; 18 #(`clk_period*80); 19 20 KaiShi = 1; ShiJianZhi = 23‘b000_1101_1010_1001_0100_1111; 21 #(`clk_period*1) KaiShi = 0; 22 #(`clk_period*80); 23 24 $stop; 25 end 26 27 28 BCD_KongZhi_module tt( 29 .clk(clk), 30 .rst_n(rst_n), 31 .BCD_KongZhi_KaiShi(KaiShi), 32 .ShiJianZhi(ShiJianZhi ), 33 34 .BCD_ZhuanHuanZhi(), 35 .BCD_ZhuanHuan_WanCheng() 36 ); 37 endmodule
BCD控制模块仿真图
转换周期860ns，满足计时器的要求的
3.2.3、数码管动态显示模块
74hc595本身有两个时钟频率，一个是移位时钟的频率，一个是寄存器（显示）时钟的频率。
数据输入的频率是1000HZ，也就是BCD转换完成频率
几个显示频率计算如下
模块划分
a、单数码管显示；
b、多数码管动态显示；
单数码管显示：（74HC595单字符显示）
条件：
74HC595
8个位置
单字符显示。
输入：
待显示字符；
待显示位置。
输出：
移位时钟
显示时钟
串行值
显示完成，也就是动态显示时，需要知道的一个信号
需要处理的：
上级系统输入信号
待显示字符
待显示位置
上面两个上级系统输入信息要求
1、 上级系统需要将值一直保持；
2、 寄存该值，一直到完成一次显示，再次取值。
如果采用第二种方式，就要有个取值时机。在模块内部加一个计数器，或者利用移位时钟，在完成16次移位后，也是完成一次移位后，再重新取值。
输出信号
两个时钟的信号
由上表获得的信息（芯片信息表，不插图）：
移位时钟的频率最大是4mhz(按最小的算)。时长也就是250ns 且高电平需要保持110ns的时间。
显示时钟：因为我们这里要完整的显示一次，需要先移位16次，再显示，就是和移位时钟保持16倍的关系即可，也就是16*4mhz，且高电平也要有110ns的保持时间。
移位时钟置高之前，待移位的数值应该保持75ns至少
更新时钟置高之前，移位时钟至少需要走过半个时钟周期。
移位时钟：查数据表直到移位频率最大值 至少有4MHZ
这里有个想法，计数移位时钟，计数到17，再送一个显示时钟。
直接贴代码：
1 module SuMaGuan_XianShi( 2 clk, 3 rst_n, 4 XinXi, 5 XianShi_WanCheng, 6 YiWeiShiZhong, 7 XianShiShiZhong, 8 ChuanHangZhi 9 ); 10 input clk; 11 input rst_n; 12 input [15:0]XinXi; //段选编码+位选值顺序也是这样 13 output XianShi_WanCheng; //完成一次编码值的显示 14 output YiWeiShiZhong; 15 output XianShiShiZhong; 16 output reg ChuanHangZhi; 17 18 reg[7:0]JiShuQi_YWPL; //移位时钟频率计数器，计数值12，频率=4mhz（稍微小） 19 reg[4:0]JiShuQi_YWCS; //移位时钟次数计数器，记录移位时钟的次数。 20 reg[15:0]XinXi_JCQ; //一次移位操作前，先寄存一次信息值 21 22 localparam YWPL = 8‘d12; //移位时钟频率 4mhz（稍微小）,高低电平1:1 23 /* wire [7:0]YWPL; 24 wire [31:0]ttt; 25 assign YWPL = ttt[7:0]; */ 26 localparam YWCS = 5‘d18; //18次为一个字符的显示频率，0.222mhz 27 wire YWPL_JM; //JiShuQi_YWPL计数器记满标记 28 wire YWCS_JM; //JiShuQi_YWCS计数器记满标记 29 assign YWPL_JM = JiShuQi_YWPL == YWPL ? 1‘b1:1‘b0;//记满标记1 30 assign YWCS_JM = JiShuQi_YWCS == YWCS ? 1‘b1:1‘b0;//记满标记1 31 // 32 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)//移位计数器记满置0，持续计数 33 if(!rst_n) 34 JiShuQi_YWPL <= 8‘d0; 35 else if(YWPL_JM) 36 JiShuQi_YWPL <= 8‘d0; 37 else 38 JiShuQi_YWPL <= JiShuQi_YWPL + 1‘b1; 39 // 40 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)//计数器记满置0，持续计数 41 if(!rst_n) 42 JiShuQi_YWCS <= 5‘d0; 43 else if(YWCS_JM)//最大计数值也要持续一个移位频率后才清零 44 JiShuQi_YWCS <= 5‘d0; 45 else if(JiShuQi_YWPL == (YWPL >>1‘b1)) 46 JiShuQi_YWCS <= JiShuQi_YWCS + 1‘b1; 47 else 48 JiShuQi_YWCS <= JiShuQi_YWCS; 49 // 50 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) 51 if(!rst_n) 52 XinXi_JCQ <= 16‘d0; 53 else if(!(JiShuQi_YWPL||JiShuQi_YWCS)) //取值时机，在双计数器都是0时取新值 54 XinXi_JCQ <= XinXi; 55 else 56 XinXi_JCQ <= XinXi_JCQ; 57 // 58 assign YiWeiShiZhong = (JiShuQi_YWPL <= (YWPL >>1‘b1))&&(JiShuQi_YWCS <= 4‘d15) ? 1‘b1:1‘b0; 59 assign XianShiShiZhong = (JiShuQi_YWCS == 5‘d17) ? 1‘b1:1‘b0; 60 assign XianShi_WanCheng = (YWCS_JM ) ?1‘b1:1‘b0; 61 //串行值 做一个查找表吧 62 always@(*) 63 case(JiShuQi_YWCS) 64 4‘d00:ChuanHangZhi = XinXi_JCQ[15]; //段选编码dp h 65 4‘d01:ChuanHangZhi = XinXi_JCQ[14]; //段选编码g 66 4‘d02:ChuanHangZhi = XinXi_JCQ[13]; //段选编码f 67 4‘d03:ChuanHangZhi = XinXi_JCQ[12]; //段选编码e 68 4‘d04:ChuanHangZhi = XinXi_JCQ[11]; //段选编码d 69 4‘d05:ChuanHangZhi = XinXi_JCQ[10]; //段选编码c 70 4‘d06:ChuanHangZhi = XinXi_JCQ[09]; //段选编码b 71 4‘d07:ChuanHangZhi = XinXi_JCQ[08]; //段选编码a 72 4‘d08:ChuanHangZhi = XinXi_JCQ[07]; //位选信号8 73 4‘d09:ChuanHangZhi = XinXi_JCQ[06]; //位选信号7 74 4‘d10:ChuanHangZhi = XinXi_JCQ[05]; //位选信号6 75 4‘d11:ChuanHangZhi = XinXi_JCQ[04]; //位选信号5 76 4‘d12:ChuanHangZhi = XinXi_JCQ[03]; //位选信号4 77 4‘d13:ChuanHangZhi = XinXi_JCQ[02]; //位选信号3 78 4‘d14:ChuanHangZhi = XinXi_JCQ[01]; //位选信号2 79 4‘d15:ChuanHangZhi = XinXi_JCQ[00]; //位选信号1 80 default:ChuanHangZhi = 1‘b0; //默认情况置0 81 endcase 82 83 /* tz tz( 84 .probe(), 85 .source(ttt) 86 ); */ 87 endmodule
1 module DongTai_ShuMaGuan( 2 clk, 3 rst_n, 4 XianShiZhi, 5 XianShiZhi_En, 6 XianShiShiZhong, 7 ChuanHangZhi, 8 YiWeiShiZhong 9 ); 10 input clk; 11 input rst_n; 12 input[31:0]XianShiZhi; //8个数码管依次待显示的BCD值 从【高位-->低位】 13 input XianShiZhi_En; //取待显示值的使能 14 output XianShiShiZhong; 15 output ChuanHangZhi; 16 output YiWeiShiZhong; 17 18 wire XianShi_WanCheng; //完成一个数码管的显示 19 wire [15:0]XinXi; //段选编码+位选值顺序也是这样 20 21 reg [2:0]JiShuQi; //循环记录显示了几个数码管 22 reg [31:0]XianShiZhi_r1; //显示值存储器1 23 wire[31:0]XianShiZhi_r2; //显示值存储器2 24 wire XianShi_1Lun; //数码管显示完一轮 JiShuQi== 3‘d7 && XianShi_WanCheng 25 reg [7:0]DuanXuanXinHao; //待显示数码管编码 26 reg [7:0]WeiXuanXinHao; //待显示数码管位置信号 27 reg[3:0]DaiXianShiZhi; //待显示数值 28 // 29 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) 30 if(!rst_n) 31 XianShiZhi_r1 <= 32‘d0; 32 else if(XianShiZhi_En)//取值使能来的时候先存值 33 XianShiZhi_r1 <= XianShiZhi; 34 else 35 XianShiZhi_r1 <= XianShiZhi_r1; 36 // 37 assign XianShi_1Lun = (JiShuQi== 3‘d7 && XianShi_WanCheng) ? 1‘b1:1‘b0; 38 // 39 assign XianShiZhi_r2 = XianShi_1Lun ? XianShiZhi_r1:XianShiZhi_r2;//判断有无显示完一轮，若显示完一轮，就取XianShiZhi_r1，若没有，就先将一轮显示完，初始时会出现未知 40 // 41 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) 42 if(!rst_n) 43 JiShuQi <= 3‘d0; 44 else if(XianShi_WanCheng) //显示完一个数码管记一次值 45 JiShuQi <= JiShuQi + 1‘b1; 46 else //此处未记满清零是因为刚好只能记到7 47 JiShuQi <= JiShuQi; 48 49 //位选查找表 50 always@(*) 51 case(JiShuQi) 52 4‘d 0: WeiXuanXinHao = 8‘b0000_0001; 53 4‘d 1: WeiXuanXinHao = 8‘b0000_0010; 54 4‘d 2: WeiXuanXinHao = 8‘b0000_0100; 55 4‘d 3: WeiXuanXinHao = 8‘b0000_1000; 56 4‘d 4: WeiXuanXinHao = 8‘b0001_0000; 57 4‘d 5: WeiXuanXinHao = 8‘b0010_0000; 58 4‘d 6: WeiXuanXinHao = 8‘b0100_0000; 59 4‘d 7: WeiXuanXinHao = 8‘b1000_0000; 60 default:WeiXuanXinHao = 8‘b0000_0000; 61 endcase 62 //时间值查找表 63 always@(*) 64 case(JiShuQi) 65 4‘d 0: DaiXianShiZhi = XianShiZhi_r2[3:0]; 66 4‘d 1: DaiXianShiZhi = XianShiZhi_r2[7:4]; 67 4‘d 2: DaiXianShiZhi = XianShiZhi_r2[11:8]; 68 4‘d 3: DaiXianShiZhi = XianShiZhi_r2[15:12]; 69 4‘d 4: DaiXianShiZhi = XianShiZhi_r2[19:16]; 70 4‘d 5: DaiXianShiZhi = XianShiZhi_r2[23:20]; 71 4‘d 6: DaiXianShiZhi = XianShiZhi_r2[27:24]; 72 4‘d 7: DaiXianShiZhi = XianShiZhi_r2[31:28]; 73 default:DaiXianShiZhi = 4‘d0; 74 endcase 75 always@(*) 76 case(DaiXianShiZhi) 77 4‘h0 : DuanXuanXinHao = 8‘hc0 ; 78 4‘h1 : DuanXuanXinHao = 8‘hf9 ; 79 4‘h2 : DuanXuanXinHao = 8‘ha4 ; 80 4‘h3 : DuanXuanXinHao = 8‘hb0 ; 81 4‘h4 : DuanXuanXinHao = 8‘h99 ; 82 4‘h5 : DuanXuanXinHao = 8‘h92 ; 83 4‘h6 : DuanXuanXinHao = 8‘h82 ; 84 4‘h7 : DuanXuanXinHao = 8‘hf8 ; 85 4‘h8 : DuanXuanXinHao = 8‘h80 ; 86 4‘h9 : DuanXuanXinHao = 8‘h90 ; 87 4‘ha : DuanXuanXinHao = 8‘h88 ; 88 4‘hb : DuanXuanXinHao = 8‘h83 ; 89 4‘hc : DuanXuanXinHao = 8‘hc6 ; 90 4‘hd : DuanXuanXinHao = 8‘ha1 ; 91 4‘he : DuanXuanXinHao = 8‘h86 ; 92 4‘hf : DuanXuanXinHao = 8‘h8e ; 93 default:DuanXuanXinHao = 8‘hff; 94 endcase 95 96 assign XinXi = {DuanXuanXinHao,WeiXuanXinHao}; 97 SuMaGuan_XianShi SuMaGuan_XianShi( 98 .clk(clk), 99 .rst_n(rst_n), 100 .XinXi(XinXi), 101 .XianShi_WanCheng(XianShi_WanCheng), 102 .YiWeiShiZhong(YiWeiShiZhong), 103 .XianShiShiZhong(XianShiShiZhong), 104 .ChuanHangZhi(ChuanHangZhi) 105 ); 106 endmodule
//此模块只为测试数码管仿真用
1 module top( 2 clk, 3 rst_n, 4 YiWeiShiZhong, 5 XianShiShiZhong, 6 ChuanHangZhi 7 ); 8 input clk; 9 input rst_n; 10 output YiWeiShiZhong; 11 output XianShiShiZhong; 12 output ChuanHangZhi; 13 14 // wire [15:0]XinXi; //段选编码+位选值顺序也是这样 15 // wire XianShi_WanCheng; //完成一次编码值的显示 16 17 // wire [31:0]XianShiZhi; 18 19 DongTai_ShuMaGuan DongTai_ShuMaGuan( 20 .clk(clk), 21 .rst_n(rst_n), 22 .XianShiZhi(32‘h12345678), 23 .XianShiZhi_En(1‘b1), 24 .XianShiShiZhong(XianShiShiZhong), 25 .ChuanHangZhi(ChuanHangZhi), 26 .YiWeiShiZhong(YiWeiShiZhong) 27 ); 28 /* SuMaGuan_XianShi SuMaGuan_XianShi( 29 .clk(clk), 30 .rst_n(rst_n), 31 .XinXi(16‘h0010), 32 .XianShi_WanCheng(), 33 .YiWeiShiZhong(YiWeiShiZhong), 34 .XianShiShiZhong(XianShiShiZhong), 35 .ChuanHangZhi(ChuanHangZhi) 36 ); */ 37 /* tz tz( 38 .probe(), 39 .source(XianShiZhi) 40 ); */ 41 42 /* input [0:0] probe; 43 output [15:0] source; */ 44 45 endmodule
仿真：
1 `timescale 1ns/10ps 2 `define clk_period 20 3 module top_tb(); 4 reg clk; 5 reg rst_n; 6 7 initial clk = 1; 8 always#(`clk_period/2) clk = ~clk; 9 10 initial begin 11 rst_n = 0; 12 #(`clk_period*2) rst_n = 1; 13 #(`clk_period*1000*8); 14 $stop; 15 end 16 17 top top( 18 .clk(clk), 19 .rst_n(rst_n), 20 .YiWeiShiZhong(), 21 .XianShiShiZhong(), 22 .ChuanHangZhi() 23 ); 24 endmodule
仿真图如下
3.2.4 按键检测模块 （省略）
3.2.5整合模块
此模块一个连接整合的作用，还有个就是状态机
直接贴代码
1 `timescale 1ns/10ps 2 module ZhengHe( 3 clk, 4 rst_n, 5 AnJian_ShuRu1, 6 AnJian_ShuRu2, 7 ChuanHangZhi, 8 YiWeiShiZhong, 9 XianShiShiZhong 10 ); 11 12 input clk; 13 input rst_n; 14 input AnJian_ShuRu1; 15 input AnJian_ShuRu2; 16 output ChuanHangZhi; 17 output YiWeiShiZhong; 18 output XianShiShiZhong; 19 20 wire AnJian_YouXiao1; 21 wire AnJian_YouXiao2; 22 wire AnJian_ZhuangTai1; 23 wire AnJian_ZhuangTai2; 24 reg KaiShi_JiShi; 25 reg TingZhi_JiShi; 26 reg QingLing_ShiJian; 27 wire JiShu_1ms_WanCheng; 28 wire [22:0]ShiJianZhi; 29 wire [31:0]BCD_ZhuanHuanZhi; //时机情况 30 wire BCD_ZhuanHuan_WanCheng; 31 32 reg [2:0]CS; 33 reg [2:0]NS; 34 localparam KongXian_ZhuangTai = 3‘b000, 35 JiShi_ZhuangTai = 3‘b001, 36 ZanTing_ZhuangTai = 3‘b010, 37 QingLing_ZhuangTai = 3‘b100; 38 // 39 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) 40 if(!rst_n) 41 CS <= 3‘d0; 42 else 43 CS <= NS; 44 // 45 always@(CS,AnJian_YouXiao1,AnJian_YouXiao2,AnJian_ZhuangTai1,AnJian_ZhuangTai2)begin 46 NS = 3‘bxxx; 47 case(CS) 48 KongXian_ZhuangTai : 49 if(AnJian_YouXiao1&&AnJian_ZhuangTai1) 50 NS = JiShi_ZhuangTai; 51 else 52 NS = KongXian_ZhuangTai; 53 JiShi_ZhuangTai : 54 if(AnJian_YouXiao1&&AnJian_ZhuangTai1) 55 NS = ZanTing_ZhuangTai; 56 else 57 NS = JiShi_ZhuangTai; 58 ZanTing_ZhuangTai :begin 59 if(AnJian_YouXiao1&&AnJian_ZhuangTai1) 60 NS = JiShi_ZhuangTai; 61 else if(AnJian_YouXiao2&&AnJian_ZhuangTai2) 62 NS = QingLing_ZhuangTai; 63 else 64 NS = ZanTing_ZhuangTai; 65 end 66 QingLing_ZhuangTai : 67 NS = KongXian_ZhuangTai; 68 default:NS = KongXian_ZhuangTai; 69 endcase 70 end 71 //3 72 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) 73 if(!rst_n)begin 74 KaiShi_JiShi <= 1‘b0; 75 TingZhi_JiShi <= 1‘b0; 76 QingLing_ShiJian <= 1‘b0; 77 end 78 else begin 79 case(CS) 80 KongXian_ZhuangTai :begin 81 QingLing_ShiJian <= 1‘b0; 82 if(AnJian_YouXiao1&&AnJian_ZhuangTai1) 83 KaiShi_JiShi <= 1‘b1; 84 else 85 ; 86 end 87 JiShi_ZhuangTai :begin 88 KaiShi_JiShi <= 1‘b0; 89 if(AnJian_YouXiao1&&AnJian_ZhuangTai1) 90 TingZhi_JiShi <= 1‘b1; 91 else 92 ; 93 end 94 ZanTing_ZhuangTai :begin 95 TingZhi_JiShi <= 1‘b0; 96 if(AnJian_YouXiao1&&AnJian_ZhuangTai1) 97 KaiShi_JiShi <= 1‘b1; 98 else if(AnJian_YouXiao2&&AnJian_ZhuangTai2) 99 QingLing_ShiJian <= 1‘b1; 100 else 101 ; 102 end 103 QingLing_ZhuangTai : 104 QingLing_ShiJian <= 1‘b0; 105 default:begin 106 KaiShi_JiShi <= 1‘b0; 107 TingZhi_JiShi <= 1‘b0; 108 QingLing_ShiJian <= 1‘b0; 109 end 110 endcase 111 end 112 113 114 115 116 DanAnJianJianCe_module AnJian1( 117 .clk(clk), 118 .rst_n(rst_n), 119 .JianCe_En(1‘b1), 120 .AnJian_ShuRu(AnJian_ShuRu1), 121 .AnJian_YouXiao(AnJian_YouXiao1), 122 .AnJian_ZhuangTai(AnJian_ZhuangTai1) 123 ); 124 DanAnJianJianCe_module AnJian2( 125 .clk(clk), 126 .rst_n(rst_n), 127 .JianCe_En(1‘b1), 128 .AnJian_ShuRu(AnJian_ShuRu2), 129 .AnJian_YouXiao(AnJian_YouXiao2), 130 .AnJian_ZhuangTai(AnJian_ZhuangTai2) 131 ); 132 133 ShiJian_JiShuQi ShiJian_JiShuQi( 134 .clk(clk), 135 .rst_n(rst_n), 136 .JiShuQi_KaiShi(KaiShi_JiShi), 137 .JiShuQi_TingZhi(TingZhi_JiShi), 138 .JiShuQi_QingLing(QingLing_ShiJian), 139 .JiShu_1ms_WanCheng(JiShu_1ms_WanCheng), 140 .ShiJianZhi(ShiJianZhi) 141 ); 142 143 BCD_KongZhi_module BCD_KongZhi_module( 144 .clk(clk), 145 .rst_n(rst_n), 146 .BCD_KongZhi_KaiShi(JiShu_1ms_WanCheng), 147 .ShiJianZhi(ShiJianZhi ), 148 .BCD_ZhuanHuanZhi(BCD_ZhuanHuanZhi), 149 .BCD_ZhuanHuan_WanCheng(BCD_ZhuanHuan_WanCheng) 150 ); 151 wire [31:0]BCD_ZhuanHuanZhi_r; 152 assign BCD_ZhuanHuanZhi_r = QingLing_ShiJian ? 32‘d0: BCD_ZhuanHuan_WanCheng ? BCD_ZhuanHuanZhi :BCD_ZhuanHuanZhi_r; 153 154 DongTai_ShuMaGuan DongTai_ShuMaGuan( 155 .clk(clk), 156 .rst_n(rst_n), 157 .XianShiZhi(BCD_ZhuanHuanZhi_r), 158 .XianShiZhi_En(BCD_ZhuanHuan_WanCheng||QingLing_ShiJian), 159 .XianShiShiZhong(XianShiShiZhong), 160 .ChuanHangZhi(ChuanHangZhi), 161 .YiWeiShiZhong(YiWeiShiZhong) 162 ); 163 endmodule
就不仿真了,直接放实物图。