【WPF】MVVM动态修改Bingding的另一种思路——用Style样式

问题场景:
界面上有个ListBox控件,它的内容Item绑定了一个列表,即 ItemsSource =”{Binding StudentList}”。这个StudentList列表在该界面View对应的ViewModel中赋值。ListBox中每个元素Item都是一个Student实体类对象,核心代码如下:

View:

<ListBox
x:Name="studentLB" Margin="0"
VerticalAlignment="Top"
HorizontalAlignment="Left"
HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch"
ScrollViewer.CanContentScroll="False"
ScrollViewer.HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled"
ScrollViewer.VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Visible"
ItemsSource="{Binding StudentList}"> <!-- 流式布局,左对齐 -->
<ListBox.ItemsPanel>
<ItemsPanelTemplate>
<WrapPanel HorizontalAlignment="Left"/>
</ItemsPanelTemplate>
</ListBox.ItemsPanel> <!-- 条目的模板 -->
<ListBox.ItemTemplate>
<DataTemplate>
<TextBlock Text="{Bingding FirstName}" />
</DataTemplate>
</ListBox.ItemTemplate> </ListBox>

ViewModel:

private ObservableCollection<Student> studentList;
public ObservableCollection<Student> StudentList // 前台ListBox的ItemsSource绑定该列表
{
get { return studentList; }
set { SetProperty(ref studentList, value); }
}

Student.cs实体类

public Class Student
{
public int Id { get; set; } // 唯一标识符
public string FirstName { get; set; }
public string LastName { get; set; }
}

需求:现在条目中TextBlock 绑定的是Student对象的FirstName属性,如何将其改为绑定到LastName属性?

思路:

  • 思路一:
    由于ItemsSource绑定到ViewModel中的StudentList列表,在Controller层从服务端获取到列表数据后,先进行加工,再赋值给StudentList。如先用一个临时列表TempList记录服务端返回的数据,然后遍历并修改该列表中的内容,想修改后的内容赋值给StudentList,如下:

// 由于前台TextBlock绑定的是FirstName属性,现将FirstName的值改为LastName的值,即保持前台绑定不变的情况下,动态修改被绑定的属性的值。
foreach(Student item in TempList)
{
//sourceList是从服务端获取的列表数据
foreach(Student source in SourceList)
{
if (item.id == source.id)
{
item.FirstName = source.LastName;
}
}
}

经过测试,虽然数据层的确发生了改变,但显示层却并没有更新。说好的MVVM呢?怎么会数据变了不自动更新界面的??

  • 思路二:
    将ListBox的界面改为采用Style样式,准备两种样式,区别仅在于TextBlock绑定到的是FirstName还是LastName。在Controller层动态修改ListBox使用的样式!如可以用一个按钮,每次点击都来回切换这两种样式。

新建样式文件StudentStyle.xaml:

<!-- ListBox样式 切换显示学生的FirstName/LastName -->
<!-- 这两种样式仅有ListBoxItem中的TextBlock绑定到FirstName/LastName的不同 --> <ResourceDictionary x:Class="YourProjectName.Presentation.Style.ListBox_StudentStyle"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"> <!-- 样式1:显示FirstName -->
<Style x:Key="firstNameStyle" TargetType="{x:Type ListBox}">
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="0"/>
<Setter Property="ItemsSource" Value="{Binding SpacePlansList}"/>
<Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="0"/>
<Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Top"/>
<Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Left"/>
<Setter Property="HorizontalContentAlignment" Value="Stretch"/>
<Setter Property="ScrollViewer.CanContentScroll" Value="False"/>
<Setter Property="ScrollViewer.HorizontalScrollBarVisibility" Value="Disabled"/>
<Setter Property="ScrollViewer.VerticalScrollBarVisibility" Value="Visible"/> <!-- 流式布局 左对齐 -->
<Setter Property="ListBox.ItemsPanel">
<Setter.Value>
<ItemsPanelTemplate>
<WrapPanel HorizontalAlignment="Left"/>
</ItemsPanelTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter> <Setter Property="ListBox.ItemTemplate">
<Setter.Value>
<DataTemplate>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding FirstName}"/>
</DataTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style> <!-- 样式2:显示LastName -->
<Style x:Key="lastNameStyle" TargetType="{x:Type ListBox}">
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="0"/>
<Setter Property="ItemsSource" Value="{Binding SpacePlansList}"/>
<Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="0"/>
<Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Top"/>
<Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Left"/>
<Setter Property="HorizontalContentAlignment" Value="Stretch"/>
<Setter Property="ScrollViewer.CanContentScroll" Value="False"/>
<Setter Property="ScrollViewer.HorizontalScrollBarVisibility" Value="Disabled"/>
<Setter Property="ScrollViewer.VerticalScrollBarVisibility" Value="Visible"/> <!-- 流式布局 左对齐 -->
<Setter Property="ListBox.ItemsPanel">
<Setter.Value>
<ItemsPanelTemplate>
<WrapPanel HorizontalAlignment="Left"/>
</ItemsPanelTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter> <Setter Property="ListBox.ItemTemplate">
<Setter.Value>
<DataTemplate>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding LastName}"/>
</DataTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style> </ResourceDictionary>

View:

<!-- 引入样式资源 -->
<UserControl.Resources>
<ResourceDictionary>
<ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
<ResourceDictionary Source="/Presentation/Style/ListBox_StudentStyle.xaml" />
</ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
</ResourceDictionary>
</UserControl.Resources> <!-- 使用样式,默认使用显示FirstName的样式 -->
<ListBox x:Name="studentLB" Style="{StaticResource firstNameStyle}"/>

控制层动态修改ListBox的样式:

private Style listbox_FirstNameSytle;   // 显示FirstName的样式
private Style listbox_LastNameSytle; // 显示LastName的样式 // 在控制层的初始化方法中,获取这两种样式
public void Initialize()
{
var listBoxStyle = new ResourceDictionary
{
Source = new Uri("/YourProjectName;component/Presentation/Style/ListBox_StudentStyle.xaml", UriKind.RelativeOrAbsolute) // 指定样式文件的路径
}; listbox_FirstNameSytle = listBoxStyle["firstNameStyle"] as Style;
listbox_LastNameSytle = listBoxStyle["lastNameStyle"] as Style;
} private void btn_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
// 根据按钮的状态,切换ListBox的样式
if (view.btn.IsChecked == true)
{
view.studentLB.Sytle = listbox_LastNameSytle;
}
else
{
view.studentLB.Sytle = listbox_FirstNameSytle;
}
}

经测试,该方法可行!


小结:

准备多套样式,通过动态修改样式来实现类似于动态修改绑定的效果。

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