为方便以后查询和学习，特从常用库函数和示例来总结socket库
1. 术语
family:AF_INET
socktype:SOCK_STREAM或SOCK_DGRAM
protocol:IPPROTO_TCP
2. 常用库函数
(1). socket()
#创建socket
(2). gethostname()
#返回主机名
>>>>USER-20170820ND
(3). gethostbyname(hostname)
#根据主机名得到IP
>>>>192.168.3.8
(4). gethostbyname_ex(hostname)
#根据主机名返回一个三元组(hostname, aliaslist, ipaddrlist)
>>>> ('USER-20170820ND', [], ['192.168.3.8'])
(5). gethostbyaddr(ip_addr)
#返回一个三元组(hostname, aliaslist, ipaddrlist)
>>>> ('USER-20170820ND.ws325', [], ['192.168.3.8'])
(6). getservbyname(servicename[, protocolname])
#返回端口号
port = socket.getservbyname("http", "tcp")
>>>> 80
(7). getprotobyname()
ppp = socket.getprotobyname("tcp")
>>>> 6
(8). getaddrinfo(host, port, family=0, type=0, proto=0, flags=0)
(9). ntohs() ntohl()
#将网络字节序转换为主机字节序
(10). htons() htonl()
#将主机字节序转换为网络字节序
(11). inet_aton()
(12). inet_ntoa()
(13). getdefaulttimeout()
#得到设置的时间超时
(14). setdefaulttimeout()
#设置时间超时
3. Serve和Client通讯示例
#coding:UTF-8 import socket #导入socket库 class Serve:
'Socket Serve!!!' #设置退出条件
stop = False def __init__(self):
hostname = socket.gethostname()
print (hostname)
self.ip = socket.gethostbyname(hostname)
self.port = 1122
self.addr = (self.ip,self.port)
print (self.addr) s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
print (s) s.bind(self.addr)
s.listen(5) while not self.stop:
print('等待接入，侦听端口:%s -- %d' % (self.ip, self.port))
clientsocket, clientaddr = s.accept()
print ("接入成功：%s--%d" %(clientaddr[0], clientaddr[1])) while True: try:
buff = clientsocket.recv(1024)
print ("接收数据：%s" %(buff))
except:
clientsocket.close()
break;
if not buff:
print ("not buff!!!")
break; self.stop=(buff.decode('utf8').upper()=="QUIT")
if self.stop:
print ("响应退出命令！")
break
clientsocket.close()
s.close() if __name__ == "__main__":
serve = Serve()
#coding:UTF-8 # client
import socket class Client: 'Socket Client!' def __init__(self, ip, port):
self.ip = ip
self.port = port
self.addr = (self.ip, self.port)
print (self.addr) def connect(self):
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
print (s)
s.connect(self.addr) return s
#Client.s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
#print (Client.s)
#Client.s.connect(self.addr) if __name__ == "__main__":
ip = "192.168.3.8"
port = 1122
client = Client(ip, port)
print (client.__doc__) client.connect() while True:
data = input(">")
if not data:
break;
sock.send(data.encode("utf8"))
print ("发送信息：%s" %(data))
if data.upper() == "QUIT":
break;
sock.close()
3. udp示例
#coding=utf-8 from socket import *
from time import strftime ip_port=('127.0.0.1',9000)
bufsize=1024 tcp_server=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
tcp_server.bind(ip_port) while True:
msg,addr=tcp_server.recvfrom(bufsize)
print('===>',msg) if not msg:
time_fmt='%Y-%m-%d %X'
else:
time_fmt=msg.decode('utf-8')
back_msg=strftime(time_fmt) tcp_server.sendto(back_msg.encode('utf-8'),addr) tcp_server.close()
#coding=utf-8 from socket import *
ip_port=('127.0.0.1',9000)
bufsize=1024 tcp_client=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM) while True:
msg=input('请输入时间格式(例%Y %m %d)>>: ').strip()
tcp_client.sendto(msg.encode('utf-8'),ip_port) data=tcp_client.recv(bufsize) print(data.decode('utf-8')) tcp_client.close()