1 using System;
  2 using System.Collections.Generic;
  3 using System.Linq;
  4 using System.Text;
  5 using System.Threading.Tasks;
  6 
  7 namespace ConsoleApplication1
  8 {
  9     class Program
 10     {
 11         //Enum Definition
 12         enum orientation : byte
 13         {
 14             north=1,
 15             south=2,
 16             east=3,
 17             west=4
 18         }
 19 
 20         //Structure Definition
 21         struct route
 22         {
 23             public orientation direction;
 24             public double distance;
 25         }
 26 
 27         static void Main(string[] args)
 28         {
 29             #region regionTest
 30             Console.WriteLine("From the beginning again.");
 31             Console.ReadLine();
 32             #endregion 
 33           
 34             //Type Conversion
 35             /* Keyword for OverflowException check: checked, unchecked
 36              * or you can configure the application: 
 37              * 1) Right click the project in Solution Explorer panel,select ‘Properties‘ from context menu
 38              * 2) Select ‘Build‘ in the left navigation bar, click ‘Advanced‘ button.
 39              * 3) Tick off ‘Check for arithmetic overflow/underflow‘ checkbox, click ‘OK‘.
 40              */
 41             byte destinationVar;
 42             short sourcevar = 281;
 43             destinationVar = checked((byte)sourcevar);      //will popup an error when running
 44             Console.WriteLine("destinationVar val:{0}", destinationVar);
 45 
 46             //Enum practice
 47             byte directionByte;
 48             string directionString;
 49             orientation myDirection = orientation.north;
 50             Console.WriteLine("myDirection = {0}",myDirection);
 51             directionByte = (byte)myDirection;  //must use explicit conversion even though it‘s of byte.
 52             
 53             //enum to string
 54             directionString = Convert.ToString(myDirection);
 55             directionString = myDirection.ToString();   // same rsult as the one above
 56             Console.WriteLine("byte equivalent = {0}",directionByte);
 57             Console.WriteLine("string equivalent={0}",directionString);
 58 
 59             //string to enum
 60             string myString = "east";
 61             orientation yourDirection = (orientation)Enum.Parse(typeof(orientation), myString);
 62 
 63             ////Struct practice
 64             route myRoute;
 65             int intDirection = -1;
 66             double doubleDistence;
 67             Console.WriteLine("1) North\t2) South\t3) East\t4) West");
 68             do
 69             {
 70                 Console.WriteLine("Select a direction:");
 71                 intDirection = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
 72             } while (intDirection < 1 || intDirection > 4);
 73             Console.WriteLine("Input a distance:");
 74             doubleDistence = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());
 75             myRoute.direction = (orientation)intDirection;
 76             myRoute.distance = doubleDistence;
 77             Console.WriteLine("myRoute specifies a direction of {0} and a distance of {1}.", myRoute.direction, myRoute.distance);
 78             
 79             //Array Definition
 80             int[] firstArrary = {1,4,43,68,18};
 81             int[] secondArray=new int[5];
 82             int[] thirdArrary = new int[3] { 1,4,6}; //the number should be the same.
 83             const int count = 2;
 84             int[] forthArray = new int[count];
 85 
 86             //multidimensional array
 87             double[,] multiArray1 = new double[3, 4];
 88             double[,] multiArray2 = { {1,6},{6,90},{9,2}};
 89 
 90             //jagged array
 91             int[][] jaggedArray = new int[2][];
 92             jaggedArray[0]=new int[4];
 93             jaggedArray[1] = new int[2];
 94 
 95             int[][] jaggedArray2 = { new int[]{2,7}, new int[]{6}, new int[]{2,10}};
 96             foreach (int[] divisorsOfInt in jaggedArray2)
 97             {
 98                 foreach (int divisor in divisorsOfInt)
 99                 {
100                     Console.WriteLine(divisor);
101                 }
102             }
103 
104             //String Manipulation
105             string mystring = "Happy New Year";
106             char[] mychars = mystring.ToCharArray();
107             foreach (char character in mystring)
108             {
109                 Console.WriteLine("{0}", character);
110             }
111 
112             Console.ReadLine();
113 
114         }
115     }
116 }