1.设置opatch环境变量
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch

2.上传补丁包到相应目录
我这里上传到oralce home目录下
[root@localhost oracle]# chown oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/p19023822_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip

3.解压补丁包
[oracle@localhost ~]$ unzip p19023822_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip
该补丁包可以停机安装和在线安装的,我们这里采用的是在线安装,仔细阅读README.txt,按照提示进行安装打补丁

2.2) Installing in Online Mode
-----------------------------------
To  install the patch in online mode, follow these steps:

1.    Set your current directory to the directory where the patch is located and then run the OPatch utility by entering the following commands:
    
    $ cd <PATCH_TOP_DIR>/19023822

2.    Install the patch by running the following command:
    -    For Non-RAC Environments (Standalone Databases):  
        $ opatch apply online -connectString <SID>:<USERNAME>:<PASSWORD>:
    -    For RAC Environments:
        $ opatch apply online -connectString <SID_Node1>:<Username_Node1>:<Password_Node1>:<Node1_Name>,<SID_Node2>:<Username_Node2>:<Password_Node2>:<Node2_Name>,<SID_NodeN>:<Username_NodeN>:<Password_NodeN>:<NodeN_Name>

    Note:
    -    Run the previous command on the first node of the Oracle RAC system, and specify details of each node separated by a comma. In the command, NodeN refers to the different nodes of the Oracle RAC system. Once the patch is applied on the first node, OPatch automatically moves over and patches the next node you have specified in the comamnd.

Note:Patch Post Install Steps:
link oracle

具体操作过程:
登陆到补丁目录
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd 19023822/
我这里是单节点的数据库,采用如下安装方式安装:
[oracle@localhost 19023822]$ opatch apply online -connectString slnngkdg:sys:oracle
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.4
Copyright (c) 2012, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.


Oracle Home       : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
   from           : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version    : 11.2.0.3.4
OUI version       : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/19023822_May_12_2020_17_35_27/apply2020-05-12_17-35-26PM_1.log


The patch should be applied/rolled back in ‘-all_nodes‘ mode only.
Converting the RAC mode to ‘-all_nodes‘ mode.
Applying interim patch ‘19023822‘ to OH ‘/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1‘
Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
All checks passed.
Backing up files...

Patching component oracle.rdbms, 11.2.0.4.0...
Installing and enabling the online patch ‘bug19023822.pch‘, on database ‘slnngkdg‘.


Verifying the update...
Patch 19023822 successfully applied
Log file location: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/19023822_May_12_2020_17_35_27/apply2020-05-12_17-35-26PM_1.log

OPatch succeeded.

3.检查是否安装了
[oracle@localhost 19023822]$ opatch lsinventory
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.4
Copyright (c) 2012, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.


Oracle Home       : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
   from           : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version    : 11.2.0.3.4
OUI version       : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2020-05-12_17-37-52PM_1.log

Lsinventory Output file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2020-05-12_17-37-52PM.txt

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Installed Top-level Products (1):

Oracle Database 11g                                                  11.2.0.4.0
There are 1 products installed in this Oracle Home.


Interim patches (1) :

Patch (online) 19023822: applied on Tue May 12 17:35:33 CST 2020
Unique Patch ID:  17884511
   Created on 28 Jul 2014, 20:54:00 hrs PST8PDT
   Bugs fixed:
     19023822

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

OPatch succeeded.


4.补丁回滚
[oracle@localhost 19023822]$ opatch rollback -id 19023822 -connectString slnngkdg:sys:oracle

打补丁p19023822_112040_Linux-x86-64