模拟实现一个基于文本界面的《开发团队调度软件》
文章目录
熟悉Java面型对象的高级特性，进一步掌握编程技巧和调试技巧
任务及需求
主要涉及知识点：
- 类的继承性和多态性
- 对象的值传递，接口
- static 和 final 修饰符
- 特殊类的使用（包装类，抽象类，内部类）
- 异常处理
实现的功能：
- 软件启动时，根据给定的数据创建公司部分成员列表
- 根据菜单提示，基于现有的公司成员，组建一个开发团队以开发一个新的项目
- 组建过程包括将成员插入到团队中，或从团队中删除某成员，还可以列出团队中现有成员的列表
- 开发团队成员包括架构师，设计师和程序员
需求：
主界面
当软件运行时，主界面显示公司成员的列表，如下：
-------------------------------------开发团队调度软件-----------------------------
ID 姓名 年龄 工资 职位 状态 奖金 股票 领用设备
1 马 云 22 3000.0
2 马化腾 32 18000.0 架构师 FREE 15000.0 2000 联想T4(6000.0)
3 李彦宏 23 7000.0 程序员 FREE 戴尔(NEC17寸)
4 刘强东 24 7300.0 程序员 FREE 戴尔(三星 17寸)
5 雷军 28 10000.0 设计师 FREE 5000.0 佳能 2900(激光)
……
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
添加团队成员
1-团队列表 2-添加团队成员 3-删除团队成员 4-退出 请选择(1-4)：
当选择“添加团队成员”菜单时，将执行从列表中添加指定（通过ID）成员到开发团队的功能：
1-团队列表 2-添加团队成员 3-删除团队成员 4-退出 请选择(1-4)：2
---------------------添加成员---------------------
请输入要添加的员工ID：2
添加成功
按回车键继续...
添加成功后，按回车将重新显示主界面：
开发团队人员组成要求：
- 最多一名架构师
- 最多两名设计师
- 最多三名程序员
失败信息
如果添加操作因某种原因失败，将显示失败信息，失败信息包括以下几种：
- 成员已满，无法添加
- 该成员不是开发人员，无法添加
- 该员工已在本开发团队中
- 该员工已是某团队成员
- 该员工正在休假，无法添加
- 团队中之多一名架构师
- 土堆中之多两名设计师
- 团队中之多三名程序员
删除
当选择“删除团队成员”菜单时，将执行从开发团队中删除指定（通过TeamID）成员的功能：
1-团队列表 2-添加团队成员 3-删除团队成员 4-退出 请选择(1-4)：3
---------------------删除成员---------------------
请输入要删除员工的TID：1
确认是否删除(Y/N)：y
删除成功
按回车键继续...
删除成功后，按回车将重新显示主界面。
当选择“团队列表”菜单时，将列出开发团队中现有成员，如：
--------------------团队成员列表---------------------
TDI/ID 姓名 年龄 工资 职位 奖金 股票
2/4 李明 24 7300.0 程序员
3/2 张三 32 18000.0 架构师 15000.0 2000
4/6 李四 22 6800.0 程序员
5/12 小明 27 600.0 设计师 4800.0
-----------------------------------------------------
软件设计架构
模块组成
- view主控模块，负责菜单的显示和处理用户操作
- service实体对象（Employee及其子类）的管理模块，NameListService和TeamService类分别用各自的数组来管理公司员工和开发团队成员对象
- domin模块为Employee及其子类等所在的包
操作步骤
创建项目基本组件
- 创建TeamSchedule项目
- 按照设计要求，创建所有包
- 将项目提供的几个类复制到相应的包中
实现service包
- 按照设计要求编写NameListService类
- 在NameListService类中临时添加一个main方法，作为单元测试方法
- 在方法中创建NameListService对象，然后分别用模拟数据调用该对象的各个方法，以测试是否正确
- 重复1-3，完成TeamService类的开发
实现view包
- 按照设计要求编写TeamView类，逐一实现各个方法，并编译
- 执行main方法中，测试软件全部功能
代码实现
首先先创建三个包（view，service，domain），然后再各个包下创建实现功能的类。
其中view下有TeamView类，TSTtility类
service下有Data，NameListService类，Status类，TeamException类，TeamService类
domain下有Architect类，Designer类，Employee类，Equipment接口，NoteBook类，PC类，Printer类，Programmer类。
下面将分别实现各个包下的所有类，最后完成本实验。
view包
TeamView类
package com.helloworld.team.view;
import com.helloworld.team.domain.Employee;
import com.helloworld.team.domain.Programmer;
import com.helloworld.team.service.NameListService;
import com.helloworld.team.service.TeamException;
import com.helloworld.team.service.TeamService;
public class TeamView {
private NameListService listSvc = new NameListService();
private TeamService teamSvc = new TeamService();
public void enterMainMenu() {
boolean loopFlag = true;
char key = 0;//获取从键盘输入的值
do {
if (key != '1') {
listAllEmployees();
}
System.out.print("1-团队列表 2-添加团队成员 3-删除团队成员 4-退出 请选择(1-4)：");
key = TSUtility.readMenuSelection();
System.out.println();
switch (key) {
case '1':
listTeam();
break;
case '2':
addMember();
break;
case '3':
deleteMember();
break;
case '4':
System.out.print("确认是否退出(Y/N)：");
char yn = TSUtility.readConfirmSelection();
if (yn == 'Y')
loopFlag = false;
break;
}
} while (loopFlag);
}
// 显示所有的员工成员
private void listAllEmployees() {
System.out.println("\n-------------------------------开发团队调度软件--------------------------------\n");
Employee[] emps = listSvc.getAllEmployees();
if (emps.length == 0) {
System.out.println("没有客户记录！");
}else {
System.out.println("ID\t姓名\t年龄\t工资\t职位\t状态\t奖金\t股票\t领用设备");
for(int i = 0;i<emps.length;i++){
System.out.println(emps[i]);
}
}
System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
}
//显示开发团队成员列表
private void listTeam() {
System.out.println("\n--------------------团队成员列表---------------------\n");
Programmer[] team = teamSvc.getTeam();
if (team.length == 0) {
System.out.println("开发团队目前没有成员！");
} else {
System.out.println("TID/ID\t姓名\t年龄\t工资\t职位\t奖金\t股票");
for(int i =0;i<team.length;i++){
System.out.println(team[i].getDetailsForTeam());
}
}
System.out.println("-----------------------------------------------------");
}
// 添加成员到团队
private void addMember() {
System.out.println("---------------------添加成员---------------------");
System.out.print("请输入要添加的员工ID：");
int id = TSUtility.readInt();
try {
Employee e = listSvc.getEmployee(id);
teamSvc.addMember(e);
System.out.println("添加成功");
} catch (TeamException e) {
System.out.println("添加失败，原因：" + e.getMessage());
}
// 按回车键继续...
TSUtility.readReturn();
}
// 从团队中删除指定id的成员
private void deleteMember() {
System.out.println("---------------------删除成员---------------------");
System.out.print("请输入要删除员工的TID：");
int id = TSUtility.readInt();
System.out.print("确认是否删除(Y/N)：");
char yn = TSUtility.readConfirmSelection();
if (yn == 'N')
return;
try {
teamSvc.removeMember(id);
System.out.println("删除成功");
} catch (TeamException e) {
System.out.println("删除失败，原因：" + e.getMessage());
}
// 按回车键继续...
TSUtility.readReturn();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TeamView view = new TeamView();
view.enterMainMenu();
}
}
TSUtility类
package com.helloworld.team.view;
import java.util.*;
/**
*
* @Description 项目中提供了TSUtility.java类，可用来方便地实现键盘访问。
*/
public class TSUtility {
private static Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
/**
*
* @Description 该方法读取键盘，如果用户键入’1’-’4’中的任意字符，则方法返回。返回值为用户键入字符。
* @return
*/
public static char readMenuSelection() {
char c;
for (; ; ) {
String str = readKeyBoard(1, false);
c = str.charAt(0);
if (c != '1' && c != '2' &&
c != '3' && c != '4') {
System.out.print("选择错误，请重新输入：");
} else break;
}
return c;
}
/**
*
* @Description 该方法提示并等待，直到用户按回车键后返回。
*/
public static void readReturn() {
System.out.print("按回车键继续...");
readKeyBoard(100, true);
}
/**
*
* @Description 该方法从键盘读取一个长度不超过2位的整数，并将其作为方法的返回值。
* @return
*/
public static int readInt() {
int n;
for (; ; ) {
String str = readKeyBoard(2, false);
try {
n = Integer.parseInt(str);
break;
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
System.out.print("数字输入错误，请重新输入：");
}
}
return n;
}
/**
*
* @Description 从键盘读取‘Y’或’N’，并将其作为方法的返回值。
* @return
*/
public static char readConfirmSelection() {
char c;
for (; ; ) {
String str = readKeyBoard(1, false).toUpperCase();
c = str.charAt(0);
if (c == 'Y' || c == 'N') {
break;
} else {
System.out.print("选择错误，请重新输入：");
}
}
return c;
}
private static String readKeyBoard(int limit, boolean blankReturn) {
String line = "";
while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
line = scanner.nextLine();
if (line.length() == 0) {
if (blankReturn) return line;
else continue;
}
if (line.length() < 1 || line.length() > limit) {
System.out.print("输入长度（不大于" + limit + "）错误，请重新输入：");
continue;
}
break;
}
return line;
}
}
service包
Data类
package com.helloworld.team.service;
public class Data {
public static final int EMPLOYEE = 10;
public static final int PROGRAMMER = 11;
public static final int DESIGNER = 12;
public static final int ARCHITECT = 13;
public static final int PC = 21;
public static final int NOTEBOOK = 22;
public static final int PRINTER = 23;
//Employee : 10, id, name, age, salary
//Programmer: 11, id, name, age, salary
//Designer : 12, id, name, age, salary, bonus
//Architect : 13, id, name, age, salary, bonus, stock
public static final String[][] EMPLOYEES = {
{"10", "1", "李明", "22", "3000"},
{"13", "2", "李强", "32", "18000", "15000", "2000"},
{"11", "3", "李红", "23", "7000"},
{"11", "4", "张三", "24", "7300"},
{"12", "5", "李四", "28", "10000", "5000"},
{"11", "6", "张强", "22", "6800"},
{"12", "7", "孙强", "29", "10800","5200"},
{"13", "8", "王强", "30", "19800", "15000", "2500"},
{"12", "9", "刘红", "26", "9800", "5500"},
{"11", "10", "孙红", "21", "6600"},
{"11", "11", "杨红", "25", "7100"},
{"12", "12", "诸葛强", "27", "9600", "4800"}
};
//如下的EQUIPMENTS数组与上面的EMPLOYEES数组元素一一对应
//PC :21, model, display
//NoteBook:22, model, price
//Printer :23, name, type
public static final String[][] EQUIPMENTS = {
{},
{"22", "联想T4", "6000"},
{"21", "戴尔", "NEC17寸"},
{"21", "戴尔", "三星 17寸"},
{"23", "佳能 2900", "激光"},
{"21", "华硕", "三星 17寸"},
{"21", "华硕", "三星 17寸"},
{"23", "爱普生20K", "针式"},
{"22", "惠普m6", "5800"},
{"21", "戴尔", "NEC 17寸"},
{"21", "华硕","三星 17寸"},
{"22", "惠普m6", "5800"}
};
}
NameListService类
package com.helloworld.team.service;
import com.helloworld.team.domain.*;
import static com.helloworld.team.service.Data.*;
public class NameListService {
private Employee[] employees;
public NameListService() {
employees = new Employee[EMPLOYEES.length];
for (int i = 0; i < employees.length; i++) {
// 获取通用的属性
int type = Integer.parseInt(EMPLOYEES[i][0]);
int id = Integer.parseInt(EMPLOYEES[i][1]);
String name = EMPLOYEES[i][2];
int age = Integer.parseInt(EMPLOYEES[i][3]);
double salary = Double.parseDouble(EMPLOYEES[i][4]);
//
Equipment eq;
double bonus;
int stock;
switch (type) {
case EMPLOYEE:
employees[i] = new Employee(id, name, age, salary);
break;
case PROGRAMMER:
eq = createEquipment(i);
employees[i] = new Programmer(id, name, age, salary, eq);
break;
case DESIGNER:
eq = createEquipment(i);
bonus = Integer.parseInt(EMPLOYEES[i][5]);
employees[i] = new Designer(id, name, age, salary, eq, bonus);
break;
case ARCHITECT:
eq = createEquipment(i);
bonus = Integer.parseInt(EMPLOYEES[i][5]);
stock = Integer.parseInt(EMPLOYEES[i][6]);
employees[i] = new Architect(id, name, age, salary, eq, bonus,
stock);
break;
}
}
}
private Equipment createEquipment(int index) {
int type = Integer.parseInt(EQUIPMENTS[index][0]);
switch (type) {
case PC:
return new PC(EQUIPMENTS[index][1], EQUIPMENTS[index][2]);
case NOTEBOOK:
int price = Integer.parseInt(EQUIPMENTS[index][2]);
return new NoteBook(EQUIPMENTS[index][1], price);
case PRINTER:
return new Printer(EQUIPMENTS[index][1], EQUIPMENTS[index][2]);
}
return null;
}
public Employee[] getAllEmployees() {
return employees;
}
public Employee getEmployee(int id) throws TeamException {
for (Employee e : employees) {
if (e.getId() == id)
return e;
}
throw new TeamException("该员工不存在");
}
}
status类
package com.helloworld.team.service;
public class Status {
private final String NAME;
private Status(String name){
this.NAME = name;
}
public static final Status FREE = new Status("FREE");
public static final Status BUSY = new Status("BUSY");
public static final Status VOCATION = new Status("VOCATION");
public String getNAME() {
return NAME;
}
}
TeamException类
package com.helloworld.team.service;
public class TeamException extends Exception {
static final long serialVersionUID = -33875169124229948L;
public TeamException() {
}
public TeamException(String message) {
super(message);
}
}
TeamService类
package com.helloworld.team.service;
import com.helloworld.team.domain.Architect;
import com.helloworld.team.domain.Designer;
import com.helloworld.team.domain.Employee;
import com.helloworld.team.domain.Programmer;
import java.nio.channels.MembershipKey;
/**
* 开发团队成员的管理，添加，删除
*/
public class TeamService {
private static int counter = 1;//给memberId赋值
private final static int MAX_MEMBER = 5;//开发团队的人数
private Programmer[ ] team = new Programmer[MAX_MEMBER];//保存开发团队成员
private int total;//记录开发团队中实际的人数
public TeamService(){
super();
}
/**
* 获取开发团队的成员
* @return
*/
public Programmer[] getTeam(){
Programmer[] teamTemp = new Programmer[total];
for(int i = 0;i < team.length;i++){
team[i] = teamTemp[i];
}
return team;
}
/**
*
* 将指定的员工添加到团队中
*/
public void addMember(Employee e) throws TeamException {//添加团队成员
//----------------------------------------------成员满
if(total >= MAX_MEMBER){
throw new TeamException("成员已满，无法添加");
}
//-----------------------------------------------非开发成员
if(!(e instanceof Programmer)){
throw new TeamException("该成员不是开发人员，请重新添加！");
}
//-----------------------------------------------该员工已在团队中
if(isExist(e)){
throw new TeamException("该员工已在团队中！");
}
//-----------------------------------------------该员工已是某团队成员/正在休假
Programmer p = (Programmer)e;//一定不会出现类型转换异常
if(p.getStatus().getNAME().equals("BUSY")){//判断状态位是否空闲（FREE）
throw new TeamException("该员工已是某团队成员");
}else if("VOCATION".equals(p.getStatus().getNAME())){
throw new TeamException("该员工正在休假，无法添加");
}
//-----------------------------------------------团队中至多有一名架构师，两名设计师，三名程序员
//------------------------------获取team中已有成员中架构师，设计师，程序员的人数
int numOfArch = 0,numOfDes = 0,numOfPro = 0;
for(int i = 0;i<total;i++){
if(team[i] instanceof Architect){
numOfArch++;
}else if(team[i] instanceof Designer){
numOfDes++;
}else if(team[i] instanceof Programmer){
numOfPro++;
}
}
if(p instanceof Architect){//判断添加的架构师是否符合
if(numOfArch >= 1){
throw new TeamException("团队中至多只能有一名架构师！" );
}
}else if(p instanceof Designer){//判断添加的设计师是否符合
if(numOfDes >= 2){
throw new TeamException("团队中至多只能有两名设计师！");
}
}else if(p instanceof Programmer){//判断添加的程序员是否符合
if(numOfPro >= 3){
throw new TeamException("团队中至多只能有三名程序员！");
}
}
//-----------------------------------------------走到这里，说明符合标准，没有报异常
//------------将p添加到现有的team中
team[total] = p;
total++;
//------------添加之后更改状态
p.setStatus(Status.BUSY);
p.setMemberId(counter++);
}
/**
* 删除团队成员
*/
public void removeMember(int memberId) throws TeamException {//删除团队成员
int i = 0;
for(;i < total;i++){
if(team[i].getMemberId() == memberId){
team[i].setStatus(Status.FREE);
break;//如果能找到则break
}
}
if(i == total){//如果i=total，则说明没有找到memberId
throw new TeamException("找不到指定memberId的员工，删除失败！");
}
for(int j = i+1;j<total;j++){//后一个元素覆盖前一个元素，实现删除操作
team[j-1] = team[j];
}
team[total-1] = null;
total--;
}
//-----------------------------------------------判断指定的成员是否已在团队中
private boolean isExist(Employee e){
for(int i = 0;i< total;i++){
if(team[i].getId() == e.getId()){
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}
domain包
Architect类
package com.helloworld.team.domain;
public class Architect extends Designer {
private int stock;
public Architect() {
super();
}
public Architect(int id, String name, int age, double salary, Equipment equipment, double bonus, int stock) {
super(id, name, age, salary, equipment, bonus);
this.stock = stock;
}
public int getStock() {
return stock;
}
public void setStock(int stock) {
this.stock = stock;
}
}
Designer类
package com.helloworld.team.domain;
public class Designer extends Programmer {
private double bonus;
public Designer(){
super();
}
public Designer(int id, String name, int age, double salary, Equipment equipment, double bonus){
super(id,name, age,salary,equipment);
this.bonus = bonus;
}
public double getBonus(){
return bonus;
}
public void setBonus(double bonus) {
this.bonus = bonus;
}
}
Employee类
package com.helloworld.team.domain;
public class Employee {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
private double salary;
public Employee(){
super();
}
public Employee(int id, String name, int age, double salary){
super();
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.salary = salary;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public double getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary(double salary) {
this.salary = salary;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
}
Equipment接口
package com.helloworld.team.domain;
public interface Equipment {
String getDescription();
}
NoteBook类
package com.helloworld.team.domain;
public class NoteBook implements Equipment {
private String model;//设备类型
private double price;//价格
public NoteBook(){
super();
}
public NoteBook(String model, double price){
super();
this.model = model;
this.price = price;
}
public String getModel() {
return model;
}
public void setModel(String model) {
this.model = model;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
@Override
public String getDescription() {
return model + "(" + price + ")";
}
}
PC类
package com.helloworld.team.domain;
public class PC implements Equipment{
private String model;//设备型号
private String display;//显示器名称
public PC(){
super();
}
public PC(String model,String display){
super();
this.model = model;
this.display = display;
}
public String getDisplay() {
return display;
}
public void setDisplay(String display) {
this.display = display;
}
public String getModel() {
return model;
}
public void setModel(String model) {
this.model = model;
}
public String getDescription(){
//重写接口中的方法
return model + "(" + display + ")";
}
}
Printer类
package com.helloworld.team.domain;
public class Printer implements Equipment {
private String name;//设备名称
private String type;//设备类型
public Printer(){
super();
}
public Printer(String name, String type){
super();
this.name = name;
this.type = type;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
@Override
public String getDescription() {
return name + "(" + type + ")";
}
}
Programmer类
package com.helloworld.team.domain;
import com.helloworld.team.service.Status;//导入自己定义的Status类
public class Programmer extends Employee {
private int memberId;
private Status status ;
private Equipment equipment;
public Programmer(){
super();
}
public Programmer(int id, String name, int age, double salary,Equipment equipment){
super(id, name, age, salary);
this.equipment = equipment;
}
public void setMemberId(int memberId) {
this.memberId = memberId;
}
public int getMemberId() {
return memberId;
}
public Status getStatus() {
return status;
}
public void setStatus(Status status) {
this.status = status;
}
public Equipment getEquipment() {
return equipment;
}
public void setEquipment(Equipment equipment) {
this.equipment = equipment;
}
// public String toString(){
// return getDetails() + "\t程序员" + status + "\t\t\t" + equipment.getDescription();
// }
public String getDetailsForTeam(){
return memberId + "/" + getId() + "\t" + getName() + "\t" + getAge() + "\t" + getSalary() + "\t程序员";
}
}
ublic Programmer(){
super();
}
public Programmer(int id, String name, int age, double salary,Equipment equipment){
super(id, name, age, salary);
this.equipment = equipment;
}
public void setMemberId(int memberId) {
this.memberId = memberId;
}
public int getMemberId() {
return memberId;
}
public Status getStatus() {
return status;
}
public void setStatus(Status status) {
this.status = status;
}
public Equipment getEquipment() {
return equipment;
}
public void setEquipment(Equipment equipment) {
this.equipment = equipment;
}
// public String toString(){
// return getDetails() + “\t程序员” + status + “\t\t\t” + equipment.getDescription();
// }
public String getDetailsForTeam(){
return memberId + “/” + getId() + “\t” + getName() + “\t” + getAge() + “\t” + getSalary() + “\t程序员”;
}
}
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代码上还是非常的巨大的，这个项目整合了之前所学的，把之前学的运用到一起，可以更好地理解和掌握！！！