ApplicationListener是Spring事件机制的一部分,与抽象类ApplicationEvent类配合来完成ApplicationContext的事件机制。
如果容器中存在ApplicationListener的Bean,当ApplicationContext调用publishEvent方法时,对应的Bean会被触发。这一过程是典型的观察者模式的实现。
ApplicationListener源码
@FunctionalInterface public interface ApplicationListener<E extends ApplicationEvent> extends EventListener { /** * Handle an application event. * @param event the event to respond to */ void onApplicationEvent(E event); }
ContextRefreshedEvent事件的监听
以Spring的内置事件ContextRefreshedEvent为例,当ApplicationContext被初始化或刷新时,会触发ContextRefreshedEvent事件,
实现一个ApplicationListener来监听此事件的发生:
@Component // 需对该类进行Bean的实例化 public class LearnListener implements ApplicationListener<ContextRefreshedEvent> { @Override public void onApplicationEvent(ContextRefreshedEvent event) { // 打印容器中出事Bean的数量 System.out.println("监听器获得容器中初始化Bean数量:" + event.getApplicationContext().getBeanDefinitionCount()); } }
如上,便完成了一个事件监听类的实现和实例化。
自定义事件及监听
首先自定义事件:NotifyEvent。
public class NotifyEvent extends ApplicationEvent { private String email; private String content; public NotifyEvent(Object source) { super(source); } public NotifyEvent(Object source, String email, String content) { super(source); this.email = email; this.content = content; } // 省略getter/setter方法 }
定义监听器NotifyListener:
@Component public class NotifyListener implements ApplicationListener<NotifyEvent> { @Override public void onApplicationEvent(NotifyEvent event) { System.out.println("邮件地址:" + event.getEmail()); System.out.println("邮件内容:" + event.getContent()); } }
监听器通过@Component注解进行实例化,并在onApplicationEvent中打印相关信息。
单元测试类:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class ListenerTest { @Autowired private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext; @Test public void testListener() { NotifyEvent event = new NotifyEvent("object", "abc@qq.com", "This is the content"); webApplicationContext.publishEvent(event); } }