jq 命令详解

jq 命令详解


命令jq可以对 json数据 进行分片、过滤、映射和转换

它能轻松地把你拥有的数据转换成你期望的格式,而且需要写的程序通常也比你期望的更加简短

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总结

  1. 需要用引号括起所有内容(单双引号均可)
  2. 若无管道操作,可省略引号
  3. 若有管道操作,必须使用引号和括号(即使不指定元素也要括号.[]

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安装

yum -y install jq

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命令格式

# 格式
cat json.txt | jq 'cmd'

# 不同的 cmd 可对数据进行不同的过滤

# 基础用法:以下三者等效
	cat json.txt | jq '.[]'		# 标准格式。。。
	cat json.txt | jq '.'
	cat json.txt | jq .

演示:

# 源文件(可读性差)
[root@centos7 ~]#cat json.txt 
[{"name":"站长工具","url":"http://tool.chinaz.com","address":{"city":"厦门","country":"中国"},"arrayBrowser":[{"name":"Google","url":"http://www.google.com"},{"name":"Baidu","url":"http://www.baidu.com"}]},{"name":"站长之家","url":"http://tool.zzhome.com","address":{"city":"大连","country":"中国"},"arrayBrowser":[{"name":"360","url":"http://www.so.com"},{"name":"bing","url":"http://www.bing.com"}]}]

# 命令  jq .  实现优美输出
[root@centos7 ~]#cat json.txt | jq .
[
  {
    "name": "站长工具",
    "url": "http://tool.chinaz.com",
    "address": {
      "city": "厦门",
      "country": "中国"
    },
    "arrayBrowser": [
      {
        "name": "Google",
        "url": "http://www.google.com"
      },
      {
        "name": "Baidu",
        "url": "http://www.baidu.com"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "name": "站长之家",
    "url": "http://tool.zzhome.com",
    "address": {
      "city": "大连",
      "country": "中国"
    },
    "arrayBrowser": [
      {
        "name": "360",
        "url": "http://www.so.com"
      },
      {
        "name": "bing",
        "url": "http://www.bing.com"
      }
    ]
  }
]

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指定输出列表的第几个元素

注:.[0]表示第一个。。。(引号可省略)

[root@centos7 ~]#cat json.txt | jq .[0]
{
  "name": "站长工具",
  "url": "http://tool.chinaz.com",
  "address": {
    "city": "厦门",
    "country": "中国"
  },
  "arrayBrowser": [
    {
      "name": "Google",
      "url": "http://www.google.com"
    },
    {
      "name": "Baidu",
      "url": "http://www.baidu.com"
    }
  ]
}

# 只输出第二个
[root@centos7 ~]#cat json.txt | jq .[1]
{
  "name": "站长之家",
  "url": "http://tool.zzhome.com",
  "address": {
    "city": "大连",
    "country": "中国"
  },
  "arrayBrowser": [
    {
      "name": "360",
      "url": "http://www.so.com"
    },
    {
      "name": "bing",
      "url": "http://www.bing.com"
    }
  ]
}


# 不存在则输出 null
[root@centos7 ~]#cat json.txt | jq .[2]
null

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过滤指定的字段

  • 有管道操作时,必须使用引号、必须使用元素括号
  • 引号用来将jq之后的所有内容括起来

标准格式:

# 不限定元素
cat json.txt | jq '.[] | {name-1:.aabb,name-2:.xx.yy}'

# 解释。。。。。。。。。。。。
name-1 、 name-2  为'自定义key'
.aabb 、 .xx.yy   为源文本中存在的字段的值
#------------------------------------------------------#

# 指定第几个元素再过滤
cat json.txt | jq '.[0] | {name:.name,city:.address.city}'
cat json.txt | jq '.[1] | {name:.arrayBrowser[1].name,city:.address.city}'

效果:

# 全文操作
[root@centos7 ~]#cat json.txt | jq '.[] | {n1:.name,n2:.address.city,n3:.address.country}'
{
  "n1": "站长工具",
  "n2": "厦门",
  "n3": "中国"
}
{
  "n1": "站长之家",
  "n2": "大连",
  "n3": "中国"
}

# 指定元素过滤
[root@centos7 ~]#cat json.txt | jq '.[0] | {n1:.name,n2:.address.city,n3:.address.country}'
{
  "n1": "站长工具",
  "n2": "厦门",
  "n3": "中国"
}

[root@centos7 ~]#cat json.txt | jq '.[1] | {n1:.name,n2:.address.city,n3:.address.country}'
{
  "n1": "站长之家",
  "n2": "大连",
  "n3": "中国"
}

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输出数组

操作:在引号内部使用[]将所有内容括起来

# 格式
cat json.txt | jq "[ cmd ]"

# 范例
cat json.txt | jq "[.[] | {name:.arrayBrowser[1].name,city:.address.city}]"

数组输出对比效果:

# 不用数组:
[root@centos7 ~]#cat json.txt | jq ".[] | {name:.arrayBrowser[1].name,city:.address.city}"
{
  "name": "Baidu",
  "city": "厦门"
}
{
  "name": "bing",
  "city": "大连"
}

# 使用数组:
[root@centos7 ~]#cat json.txt | jq "[.[] | {name:.arrayBrowser[1].name,city:.address.city}]"
[
  {
    "name": "Baidu",
    "city": "厦门"
  },
  {
    "name": "bing",
    "city": "大连"
  }
]

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自定义 key

{}中,冒号前面的名字是映射的名称,可以任意修改

cat json.txt | jq "[.[] | {name_001:.arrayBrowser[1].name,city_002:.address.city}]"
cat json.txt | jq ".[] | {CAOKUNZI_001:.arrayBrowser[1].name,ZHUBAZI_002:.address.city}"

演示:

[root@centos7 ~]#cat json.txt | jq "[.[] | {name_001:.arrayBrowser[1].name,city_002:.address.city}]"
[
  {
    "name_001": "Baidu",
    "city_002": "厦门"
  },
  {
    "name_001": "bing",
    "city_002": "大连"
  }
]


[root@centos7 ~]#cat json.txt | jq ".[] | {CAOKUNZI_001:.arrayBrowser[1].name,ZHUBAZI_002:.address.city}"
{
  "CAOKUNZI_001": "Baidu",
  "ZHUBAZI_002": "厦门"
}
{
  "CAOKUNZI_001": "bing",
  "ZHUBAZI_002": "大连"
}

wan

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