本文参考张宴的Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器（第6版）[原创]完成。所有操作命令都在CentOS 6.x 64位操作系统下实践成功。
说明：本文以PHP官方的OPCache替代了eaccelerator。
一、获取相关开源程序
1、利用CentOS Linux系统自带的yum命令安装、升级所需的程序库：
sudo -s
LANG=C
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers patch git libtool automake telnet cmake bison bind-utils jwhois
2、下载适用CentOS程序源码包：
这里用OpenResty（也称为ngx_openresty）代替了标准的Nginx。它是一个全功能的 Web 应用服务器。它打包了标准的Nginx核心，很多的常用的第三方模块，以及它们的大多数依赖项。
从PHP 5.3.3版本起，PHP已经集成php-fpm了，不再是第三方的包了。在编译PHP时./configure的时候带 –enable-fpm参数即可开启PHP-FPM
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://openresty.org/download/ngx_openresty-1.9.7.2.tar.gz
wget http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.18.tar.gz
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
wget http://ncu.dl.sourceforge.net/project/mcrypt/Libmcrypt/2.5.8/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget http://ncu.dl.sourceforge.net/project/mcrypt/MCrypt/2.6.8/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.7.tgz
wget http://ncu.dl.sourceforge.net/project/mhash/mhash/0.9.9.9/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.38.tar.gz
wget http://www.imagemagick.org/download/ImageMagick-6.9.4-10.tar.gz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-3.3.0.tgz
二、安装PHP （FastCGI模式）
由于采用了mysqlnd，编译PHP时不再需要先编译MySQL。
1、编译安装PHP所需的支持库
tar zxvf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.14
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../ tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../ tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../ ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
2、编译安装PHP
tar zxvf php-5.6.18.tar.gz
cd php-5.6.18
cp -frp /usr/lib64/libldap* /usr/lib
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --enable-opcache --enable-exif
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-production /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
3、编译安装PHP扩展模块
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.7.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.7
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../ tar zxvf ImageMagick-6.9.4-10.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.9.4-10
./configure
make
make install
cd ../ ln -s /usr/local/include/ImageMagick-6 /usr/local/include/ImageMagick
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
tar zxvf imagick-3.3.0.tgz
cd imagick-3.3.0
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
4、修改php.ini文件
手工修改：
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
查找php.ini中的
; extension_dir = "./"
修改为
extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20131226/"
注意要去掉extension_dir 前面的分号(;)
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "imagick.so"
查找
;always_populate_raw_post_data
修改为
always_populate_raw_post_data = On
查找
;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1
修改为
cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
查找
;date.timezone =
修改为
date.timezone = Asia/Hong_Kong
说明，timezone可以到这里查找对应的timezone
5、配置OPCache加速PHP：
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
查找[opcache]，在[opcache]下面加上以下配置信息：
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20131226/opcache.so"
然后，修改[opcache]已有的配置信息，需要修改的配置信息如下：
; Determines if Zend OPCache is enabled
opcache.enable=1 ; Determines if Zend OPCache is enabled for the CLI version of PHP
opcache.enable_cli=1 ; The OPcache shared memory storage size.
opcache.memory_consumption=128 ; The maximum number of keys (scripts) in the OPcache hash table.
; Only numbers between 200 and 100000 are allowed.
opcache.max_accelerated_files=5000 ; How often (in seconds) to check file timestamps for changes to the shared
; memory storage allocation. ("1" means validate once per second, but only
; once per request. "0" means always validate)
opcache.revalidate_freq=60 ; If enabled, a fast shutdown sequence is used for the accelerated code
opcache.fast_shutdown=1
6、创建www用户和组，以及供blog.abc.com和www.abc.com两个虚拟主机使用的目录：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www
7、创建php-fpm配置文件
cd /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/
rm -f php-fpm.conf.default
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
将PHP 5.6.10的php-fpm参考配置文件中的配置拷贝进去：
8、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为128（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www：
cd /data0/software/php-5.6.18
cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
chmod 777 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
ulimit -SHn 65535
/etc/init.d/php-fpm start
php-fpm重启命令
/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart
php-fpm关闭命令
/etc/init.d/php-fpm stop
三、安装Nginx
1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库：
cd /data0/software
tar zxvf pcre-8.38.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.38
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
2、安装Nginx
tar zxvf ngx_openresty-1.9.7.2.tar.gz
cd ngx_openresty-1.9.7.2
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/openresty --with-luajit --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_realip_module
gmake
gmake install
cd ../
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx
ln -s /usr/local/openresty/nginx/ /usr/local/webserver/nginx
3、创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs
4、创建Nginx配置文件
①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
输入以下内容:
user www www; worker_processes 8; error_log /data1/logs/nginx_error.log crit; pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid; #Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535; events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
} http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream; #charset gb2312; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m; sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 60; tcp_nodelay on;
server_tokens off; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on; #limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent $upstream_response_time $request_time "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for "$server_name" "$http_host"'; log_format wwwlogs '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent $upstream_response_time $request_time "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for "$server_name" "$http_host"'; server
{
listen 80;
server_name blog.abc.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data0/htdocs/blog; #limit_conn crawler 20; location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
} location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
} location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 1h;
} access_log /data1/logs/access.log access;
} server
{
listen 80 default;
server_name _;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data0/htdocs/www; location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
} access_log /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log wwwlogs;
} server
{
listen 80;
server_name status.blog.abc.com; location / {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
}
}
②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
输入以下内容：
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
5、启动Nginx
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.1 /usr/lib64/libpcre.so.1
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP-FPM
开机启动Nginx
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下内容：
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
开机启动PHP-FPM
chkconfig --add php-fpm
chkconfig php-fpm on
五、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容：
# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768 net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800 #net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
fs.file-max = 65536
使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
六、增大open files的限制值
vi /etc/security/limits.conf
在“# End of file”上面添加如下：
* - nofile 65536
该语句表示：每一个用户的默认打开文件数是65536。
修改完毕之后，重启服务器。然后输入：
ulimit -a
输出结果如下：
core file size (blocks, -c) 0
data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited
file size (blocks, -f) unlimited
pending signals (-i) 1024
max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 32
max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files (-n) 65536
pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8
POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200
stack size (kbytes, -s) 10240
cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes (-u) 16384
virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited
file locks (-x) unlimited
只要open files的限制值达到65536，则问题解决。
七、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
2、平滑重启：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
八、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本
1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
输入以下内容：
#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00 # The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/data1/logs/"
files=`ls ${logs_path}` mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "-1 day" +"%Y")/$(date -d "-1 day" +"%m")/ for i in $files
do
if [ -f ${logs_path}${i} ]
then
is=`echo $i | sed 's/\.log$//g'`
mv ${logs_path}${i} ${logs_path}$(date -d "-1 day" +"%Y")/$(date -d "-1 day" +"%m")/${is}-$(date -d "-1 day" +"%Y%m%d").log
fi
done kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志
chmod 755 /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
crontab -e
输入以下内容：
00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
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