HTML5必须知道的那些事

2022-01-24 16:12:28

[转自] http://www.cnblogs.com/hamy/archive/2012/02/21/2362110.html

再普及一次HTML5基础，HTML5必须知道的那些事，HTML5扫盲。下一代Web开发的新特征

新的选择器

通过 class 定位元素 (DOM API)

HTML5必须知道的那些事
var el = document.getElementById('section1');

el.focus();

var els = document.getElementsByTagName('div');

els[0].focus();

var els = document.getElementsByClassName('section');

els[0].focus();
HTML5必须知道的那些事

通过类似 css 选择器的语法定位元素 (Selectors API)

var els = document.querySelectorAll("ul li:nth-child(odd)");

var els = document.querySelectorAll("table.test > tr > td");

本地储存 - Web Storage

HTML5必须知道的那些事
// use localStorage for persistent storage

// use sessionStorage for per tab storage

textarea.addEventListener('keyup', function () {

  window.localStorage['value'] = area.value;

  window.localStorage['timestamp'] = (new Date()).getTime();

}, false);

textarea.value = window.localStorage['value'];
HTML5必须知道的那些事

本地数据库 - Web SQL Database

var db = window.openDatabase("Database Name", "Database Version");

db.transaction(function(tx) {

  tx.executeSql("SELECT * FROM test", [], successCallback, errorCallback);

});
Chrome中查看生成的数据库: 开发人员 > 开发人员工具 > Storage

文件缓存 - Application Cache API

<html manifest="cache-manifest">

window.applicationCache.addEventListener('checking', updateCacheStatus, false);
HTML5必须知道的那些事
CACHE MANIFEST

# version 1

CACHE:

/html5/src/refresh.png

/html5/src/logic.js

/html5/src/style.css

/html5/src/background.png
HTML5必须知道的那些事

让程序在后台运行 - Web Workers

HTML5必须知道的那些事
main.js:

  var worker = new Worker(‘extra_work.js');

  worker.onmessage = function (event) { alert(event.data); }; 

extra_work.js:

  // do some work; when done post message.

  postMessage(some_data);
HTML5必须知道的那些事

双向信息传输 - Web Sockets

var socket = new WebSocket(location);

socket.onopen = function(event) {

  socket.postMessage(“Hello, WebSocket”);

}

socket.onmessage = function(event) { alert(event.data); }

socket.onclose = function(event) { alert(“closed”); }

桌面提醒 - Notifications

HTML5必须知道的那些事
if (window.webkitNotifications.checkPermission() == 0) {

  // you can pass any url as a parameter

  window.webkitNotifications.createNotification(tweet.picture, tweet.title,

      tweet.text).show();

} else {

  window.webkitNotifications.requestPermission();

}
HTML5必须知道的那些事

拖放操作 - Drag and drop

document.addEventListener('dragstart', function(event) {

   event.dataTransfer.setData('text', 'Customized text');

   event.dataTransfer.effectAllowed = 'copy';

}, false);

地理位置 - Geolocation

HTML5必须知道的那些事
if (navigator.geolocation) {

  navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(function(position) {

    var lat = position.coords.latitude;

    var lng = position.coords.longitude;

    map.setCenter(new GLatLng(lat, lng), 13);

    map.addOverlay(new GMarker(new GLatLng(lat, lng)));

  });

}
HTML5必须知道的那些事

HTML新的语义标签

HTML5必须知道的那些事
<body>

  <header>

    <hgroup>

      <h1>Page title</h1>

      <h2>Page subtitle</h2>

    </hgroup>

  </header>

  <nav>

   <ul>

     Navigation...

   </ul>

  </nav>

  <section>

   <article>

     <header>

       <h1>Title</h1>

     </header>

     <section>

       Content...

     </section>

   </article>

   <article>

     <header>

       <h1>Title</h1>

     </header>

     <section>

       Content...

     </section>

   </article>

   <article>

     <header>

       <h1>Title</h1>

     </header>

     <section>

       Content...

     </section>

   </article>

  </section>

  <aside>

   Top links...

  </aside>

  <footer>

   Copyright © 2009.

  </footer>

</body>
HTML5必须知道的那些事

新的链接关系

HTML5必须知道的那些事
<link rel='alternate' type="application/rss+xml" href="http://myblog.com/feed" />

<link rel='icon' href="/favicon.ico" />

<link rel='pingback' href="http://myblog.com/xmlrpc.php">

<link rel='prefetch' href="http://myblog.com/main.php">

...

<a rel='archives' href="http://myblog.com/archives">old posts</a>

<a rel='external' href="http://notmysite.com">tutorial</a>

<a rel='license' href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">license</a>

<a rel='nofollow' href="http://notmysite.com/sample">wannabe</a>

<a rel='tag' href="http://myblog.com/category/games">games posts</a>

...
HTML5必须知道的那些事

微数据 - Microdata

<div itemscope itemtype="http://example.org/band">

 <p>My name is <span itemprop='name'>Neil</span>.</p>

 <p>My band is called <span itemprop='band'>Four Parts Water</span>.</p>

 <p>I am <span itemprop='nationality'>British</span>.</p>

</div>

无障碍富互联网应用程序属性 - ARIA attributes

HTML5必须知道的那些事
<ul id="tree1"

      role="tree"

      tabindex="0"

      aria-labelledby="label_1"

      >

  <li role="treeitem" tabindex="-1" aria-expanded="true">Fruits</li>

  <li role="group">

    <ul>

      <li role="treeitem" tabindex="-1">Oranges</li>

      <li role="treeitem" tabindex="-1">Pineapples</li>

      ...

    </ul>

  </li>

  </ul>
HTML5必须知道的那些事

新的表单元素类型

增强已有元素

HTML5必须知道的那些事
UI方面:

<input type='range' min='0' max='50' value='0' />

<input results='10' type='search' />

<input type='text' placeholder='Search inside' /> 

输入检查:(不符合条件的将显示红色背景)

<style> :invalid { background-color: red; } </style>

<input type='color' />

<input type='number' />

<input type='email' />

<input type='tel' />

etc...
HTML5必须知道的那些事

新增的元素

<meter>

<progress>

<output>

etc...

音频 + 视频 - Audio + Video

<audio src="sound.mp3" controls></audio>

document.getElementById("audio").muted=false;

<video src='movie.mp4' autoplay controls ></video>

document.getElementById("video").play();

图形绘制 - Canvas

HTML5必须知道的那些事
<canvas id="canvas" width="838" height="220"></canvas>

<script>

  var canvasContext = document.getElementById("canvas").getContext("2d");

  canvasContext.fillRect(250, 25, 150, 100);

  canvasContext.beginPath();

  canvasContext.arc(450, 110, 100, Math.PI * 1/2, Math.PI * 3/2);

  canvasContext.lineWidth = 15;

  canvasContext.lineCap = 'round';

  canvasContext.strokeStyle = 'rgba(255, 127, 0, 0.5)';

  canvasContext.stroke();

</script>
HTML5必须知道的那些事

Canvas 3D (WebGL)

HTML5必须知道的那些事
<canvas id="canvas" width="838" height="220"></canvas>

<script>

  var gl = document.getElementById("canvas").getContext("experimental-webgl");

  gl.viewport(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);

  ...

</script>
HTML5必须知道的那些事

HTML5中的SVG

HTML5必须知道的那些事
<html>

  <svg>

    <circle id="myCircle" class="important" cx="50%" cy="50%" r="100"

        fill="url(#myGradient)"

        onmousedown="alert('hello');"/>

  </svg>

</html>
HTML5必须知道的那些事

CSS 选择器

奇/偶选择

.row:nth-child(even) {

  background: #dde;

}

.row:nth-child(odd) {

  background: white;

}

Image-like display

div {

  display: inline-block;

}

通过属性选择

input[type="text"] {

  background: #eee;

}

反选

:not(.box) {

  color: #00c;

}

:not(span) {

  display: block;

}

以及一些其它的选择方法

h2:first-child { ... }

div.text > div { ... }

h2 + header { ... }

显示本地没有的字体

HTML5必须知道的那些事
@font-face {

  font-family: 'Junction';

  src: url(Junction02.otf);

}

@font-face {

  font-family: 'LeagueGothic';

  src: url(LeagueGothic.otf);

}

@font-face {

  font-family: 'GG250';

  src: url(General250.otf);

}

header {

  font-family: 'LeagueGothic';

}
HTML5必须知道的那些事

文本溢出处理

div {

  text-overflow: ellipsis;

}

分栏显示

-webkit-column-count: 2;

-webkit-column-rule: 1px solid #bbb;

-webkit-column-gap: 2em;

文本描边

div {

  -webkit-text-fill-color: black;

  -webkit-text-stroke-color: red;

  -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.00px;

}

透明效果

color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.75);

background: rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.75);

HSL(色相/饱和度/亮度)色彩模式

color: hsla(

  128,

  75%,

  33%,

  1.00);

圆角效果

border-radius: 0px;

渐变效果

background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#00abeb), to(white), color-stop(0.5, white), color-stop(0.5, #66cc00)) 
background: -webkit-gradient(radial, 430 50, 0, 430 50, 200, from(red), to(#000))

阴影效果

text-shadow: rgba(64, 64, 64, 0.5) 0px 0px 0px;

box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 128, 0.25) 3px 0px 0px;

制作一个LOGO，只需拖动滑动条

HTML5必须知道的那些事
text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0 0px 0px;  

background:

  -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(rgba(200, 200, 240, 0)), to(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0))); 

border-radius: 0px;  

-webkit-box-reflect: below 10px

  -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(transparent), to(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)));
HTML5必须知道的那些事

更强大的背景

背景的尺寸

#logo {

  background: url(logo.gif) center center no-repeat;

  background-size:

    ;

}

多个背景

div {

  background: url(src/zippy-plus.png) 10px center no-repeat,

              url(src/gray_lines_bg.png) 10px center repeat-x;

}

变换 - Transitions

HTML5必须知道的那些事
#box.left {

  margin-left: 0;

}

#box.right {

  margin-left: 1000px;

}

document.getElementById('box').className = 'left';

document.getElementById('box').className = 'right';
HTML5必须知道的那些事
#box {

  -webkit-transition: margin-left 1s ease-in-out;

}  

document.getElementById('box').className = 'left';

document.getElementById('box').className = 'right';

变换 - Transforms

-webkit-transform: rotateY(45deg);

-webkit-transform: scaleX(25deg);

-webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 90deg);

-webkit-transform: perspective(500px)
HTML5必须知道的那些事
#threed-example {

  -webkit-transform: rotateZ(5deg);

  -webkit-transition: -webkit-transform 2s ease-in-out;

}

#threed-example:hover {

  -webkit-transform: rotateZ(-5deg);

}
HTML5必须知道的那些事

动画效果

HTML5必须知道的那些事
@-webkit-keyframes pulse {

 from {

   opacity: 0.0;

   font-size: 100%;

 }

 to {

   opacity: 1.0;

   font-size: 200%;

 }

}

div {

  -webkit-animation-name: pulse;

  -webkit-animation-duration: 2s;

  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: infinite;

  -webkit-animation-timing-function: ease-in-out;

  -webkit-animation-direction: alternate;

}
HTML5必须知道的那些事
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