【单元测试框架】pytest学习（一）框架介绍

2023-10-02 19:52:28

pytest 优点：　

　　更加灵活、容易上手

　　支持参数化

　　测试用例的skip和xfail，自动失败重试等处理

　　能够支持简单的单元测试和复杂的功能测试，还可以用来做selenium、appnium等自动化测试、接口自动化测试（python+requests）

　　支持很多第三方插件、可以自动以扩展；pytest-allure报告、pytest-xdist（多cpu分发）

　　可以很好地和jenkins集合

用例的识别与运行：

　　测试文件：　　test_*.py　　*_test.py

　　用例识别：Test*类包含的所有test_*的方法【注：类不能带有__init__方法，如果加了，会认为它是一个有功能的类，不是一个测试类】；不在class中的所有test_*方法

　　pytest也可以执行unittst框架写的用例和方法

安装和更新：

　　pip install pytest

　　pip install -U pytest

　　pytest --version

执行：

　　终端执行命令：pytest #会把当前目录下所有test_*文件进行执行，使用的是pytest解释器

　　python 解释器运行 python test_iii.py---【pytest.main(['test_pytestdemo.py'])；pytest.main(['test_pytestdemo.py::TestDemo1121',"-v"])；pytest.main(['test_pytestdemo.py::TestDemo1121::test_demo112103',"-v"])】

　　pytest --help

　　-v：增加详细信息，执行文件::执行方法用例执行结果

　　-k：执行匹配的测试用例，是表达式，不是完成的用例名字；pytest.main(['test_pytestdemo.py',"-k","test_demo112101 or test_demo112103","-v"])

参数化：@pytest.mark.parametrize('a,b',[(2,3),(1,1)])

装饰器：@pytest.fixture() ，当执行用例时需要这个方法可以直接传进去

例：

import pytest
@pytest.fixture()
def basefix():
    print("公用方法")
@pytest.mark.parametrize('a,b',[(2,3),(1,1)])
def test_demo112101(a,b,basefix):
    print("test_demo112101")
    assert a == b

if __name__ == "__main__":
    pytest.main(['test_pytestdemo.py','-v'])

import pytest
@pytest.mark.parametrize('a,b',[(2,3),(1,1)])
def test_demo112101(a,b):
    print("test_demo112101")
    assert a == b

if __name__ == "__main__":
    pytest.main(['test_pytestdemo.py','-v'])

============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.4, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.11.0, pluggy-1.0.0 -- E:\venv\Scripts\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: E:pythonProject\Base_python
collecting ... collected 2 items

test_pytestdemo.py::test_demo112101[2-3] FAILED [ 50%]
test_pytestdemo.py::test_demo112101[1-1] PASSED [100%]

================================== FAILURES ===================================
____________________________ test_demo112101[2-3] _____________________________

a = 2, b = 3

@pytest.mark.parametrize('a,b',[(2,3),(1,1)])
def test_demo112101(a,b):
print("test_demo112101")
> assert a == b
E assert 2 == 3
E +2
E -3

test_pytestdemo.py:5: AssertionError
---------------------------- Captured stdout call -----------------------------
test_demo112101
=========================== short test summary info ===========================
FAILED test_pytestdemo.py::test_demo112101[2-3] - assert 2 == 3
========================= 1 failed, 1 passed in 0.05s =========================

import pytest
def test_demo112101():
    print("test_demo112101")
if __name__ == "__main__":
    pytest.main(['test_pytestdemo.py'])

============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.4, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.11.0, pluggy-1.0.0
rootdir: E:\Mitena\pythonProject\Base_python
collected 1 item

test_pytestdemo.py . [100%]

============================== 1 passed in 0.02s ==============================

if __name__ == "__main__":
    pytest.main(['test_pytestdemo.py',"-v"])
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.4, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.11.0, pluggy-1.0.0 -- E:\Mitena\pythonProject\venv\Scripts\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: E:\Mitena\pythonProject\Base_python
collecting ... collected 1 item

test_pytestdemo.py::test_demo112101 PASSED                               [100%]

============================== 1 passed in 0.01s ==============================

import pytest
def test_demo112101():
    print("test_demo112101")
class TestDemo1121:
    def test_demo112102(self):
        print("test_demo112102")
    def test_demo112103(self):
        print("test_demo112102")
if __name__ == "__main__":
    pytest.main(['test_pytestdemo.py::TestDemo1121',"-v"])
    pytest.main(['test_pytestdemo.py::TestDemo1121::test_demo112103',"-v"])

import pytest
def test_demo112101():
    print("test_demo112101")
class TestDemo1121:
    def test_demo112102(self):
        print("test_demo112102")
    def test_demo112103(self):
        print("test_demo112102")
if __name__ == "__main__":
    pytest.main(['test_pytestdemo.py',"-k","test_demo112102","-v"])

============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.4, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.11.0, pluggy-1.0.0 -- E:\Mitena\pythonProject\venv\Scripts\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: E:\Mitena\pythonProject\Base_python
collecting ... collected 3 items / 2 deselected / 1 selected

test_pytestdemo.py::TestDemo1121::test_demo112102 PASSED                 [100%]

======================= 1 passed, 2 deselected in 0.02s =======================

import pytest
def test_demo112101():
    print("test_demo112101")
class TestDemo1121:
    def test_demo112102(self):
        print("test_demo112102")
    def test_demo112103(self):
        print("test_demo112102")
    def test_demo1121031(self):
        print("test_demo112102")
    def test_demo112104(self):
        print("test_demo112102")
if __name__ == "__main__":
    pytest.main(['test_pytestdemo.py',"-k","test_demo112101 or test_demo112103","-v"])

============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.4, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.11.0, pluggy-1.0.0 -- E:\Mitena\pythonProject\venv\Scripts\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: E:\Mitena\pythonProject\Base_python
collecting ... collected 5 items / 2 deselected / 3 selected

test_pytestdemo.py::test_demo112101 PASSED                               [ 33%]
test_pytestdemo.py::TestDemo1121::test_demo112103 PASSED                 [ 66%]
test_pytestdemo.py::TestDemo1121::test_demo1121031 PASSED                [100%]

======================= 3 passed, 2 deselected in 0.03s =======================

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