scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

  目前,为了加速页面的加载速度,页面的很多部分都是用JS生成的,而对于用scrapy爬虫来说就是一个很大的问题,因为scrapy没有JS engine,所以爬取的都是静态页面,对于JS生成的动态页面都无法获得

  解决方案:

  1、利用第三方中间件来提供JS渲染服务: scrapy-splash 等。

  2、利用webkit或者基于webkit库

  Splash是一个Javascript渲染服务。它是一个实现了HTTP API的轻量级浏览器,Splash是用Python实现的,同时使用Twisted和QT。Twisted(QT)用来让服务具有异步处理能力,以发挥webkit的并发能力。

  

  下面就来讲一下如何使用scrapy-splash:

  1、利用pip安装scrapy-splash库:

  2、pip install scrapy-splash

  3、安装docker

    scrapy-splash使用的是Splash HTTP API, 所以需要一个splash instance,一般采用docker运行splash,所以需要安装docker,具体参见:http://www.cnblogs.com/shaosks/p/6932319.html

  4、启动docker

     安装好后运行docker。docker成功安装后,有“Docker Quickstart Terminal”图标,双击他启动

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

  5、拉取镜像(pull the image):   

     $ docker pull scrapinghub/splash

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

    这样就正式启动了。

  6、用docker运行scrapinghub/splash服务:   

   $ docker run -p 8050:8050 scrapinghub/splash

    首次启动会比较慢,加载一些东西,多次启动会出现以下信息

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

    这时要关闭当前窗口,然后在进程管理器里面关闭一些进程重新打开

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

    重新打开Docker Quickstart Terminal,然后输入:docker run -p 8050:8050 scrapinghub/splash

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

    

   7、配置splash服务(以下操作全部在settings.py):

    1)添加splash服务器地址:

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

    2)将splash middleware添加到DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARE中:

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

    

    3)Enable SplashDeduplicateArgsMiddleware:

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

    4)Set a custom DUPEFILTER_CLASS:

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

    5)a custom cache storage backend:

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

   8、正式抓取

     该例子是抓取京东某个手机产品的详细信息,地址:https://item.jd.com/2600240.html

     如下图:框住的信息是要榨取的内容

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

    对应的html

    1、京东价:

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

    抓取代码:prices = site.xpath('//span[@class="p-price"]/span/text()')

    2、促销

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

    抓取代码:cxs = site.xpath('//div[@class="J-prom-phone-jjg"]/em/text()')

    3、增值业务

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

    抓取代码:value_addeds =site.xpath('//ul[@class="choose-support lh"]/li/a/span/text()')

    4、重量

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

    抓取代码:quality = site.xpath('//div[@id="summary-weight"]/div[2]/text()')

    5、选择颜色

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

    抓取代码:colors = site.xpath('//div[@id="choose-attr-1"]/div[2]/div/@title')

    6、选择版本

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

    抓取代码:versions = site.xpath('//div[@id="choose-attr-2"]/div[2]/div/@data-value')

    7、购买方式

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

    抓取代码:buy_style = site.xpath('//div[@id="choose-type"]/div[2]/div/a/text()')

    8、套  装

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

    抓取代码:suits = site.xpath('//div[@id="choose-suits"]/div[2]/div/a/text()')

    9、增值保障

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

    抓取代码:vaps = site.xpath('//div[@class="yb-item-cat"]/div[1]/span[1]/text()')

    10、白条分期

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

    抓取代码:stagings = site.xpath('//div[@class="baitiao-list J-baitiao-list"]/div[@class="item"]/a/strong/text()')

    9、运行splash服务

      在抓取之前首先要启动splash服务,命令:docker run -p 8050:8050 scrapinghub/splash,

     点击“Docker Quickstart Terminal” 图标

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

    10、运行scrapy crawl scrapy_splash

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

    11、抓取数据

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

    scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一

    12、完整源代码

      1、SplashSpider

      

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from scrapy import Request
from scrapy.spiders import Spider
from scrapy_splash import SplashRequest
from scrapy_splash import SplashMiddleware
from scrapy.http import Request, HtmlResponse
from scrapy.selector import Selector
from scrapy_splash import SplashRequest
from splash_test.items import SplashTestItem
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
sys.stdout = open('output.txt', 'w') class SplashSpider(Spider):
name = 'scrapy_splash'
start_urls = [
'https://item.jd.com/2600240.html'
] # request需要封装成SplashRequest
def start_requests(self):
for url in self.start_urls:
yield SplashRequest(url
, self.parse
, args={'wait': '0.5'}
# ,endpoint='render.json'
) def parse(self, response): # 本文只抓取一个京东链接,此链接为京东商品页面,价格参数是ajax生成的。会把页面渲染后的html存在html.txt
# 如果想一直抓取可以使用CrawlSpider,或者把下面的注释去掉
site = Selector(response)
it_list = []
it = SplashTestItem()
#京东价
# prices = site.xpath('//span[@class="price J-p-2600240"]/text()')
# it['price']= prices[0].extract()
# print '京东价:'+ it['price']
prices = site.xpath('//span[@class="p-price"]/span/text()')
it['price'] = prices[0].extract()+ prices[1].extract()
print '京东价:' + it['price'] # 促  销
cxs = site.xpath('//div[@class="J-prom-phone-jjg"]/em/text()')
strcx = ''
for cx in cxs:
strcx += str(cx.extract())+' '
it['promotion'] = strcx
print '促销:%s '% strcx # 增值业务
value_addeds =site.xpath('//ul[@class="choose-support lh"]/li/a/span/text()')
strValueAdd =''
for va in value_addeds:
strValueAdd += str(va.extract())+' '
print '增值业务:%s ' % strValueAdd
it['value_add'] = strValueAdd # 重量
quality = site.xpath('//div[@id="summary-weight"]/div[2]/text()')
print '重量:%s ' % str(quality[0].extract())
it['quality']=quality[0].extract() #选择颜色
colors = site.xpath('//div[@id="choose-attr-1"]/div[2]/div/@title')
strcolor = ''
for color in colors:
strcolor += str(color.extract()) + ' '
print '选择颜色:%s ' % strcolor
it['color'] = strcolor # 选择版本
versions = site.xpath('//div[@id="choose-attr-2"]/div[2]/div/@data-value')
strversion = ''
for ver in versions:
strversion += str(ver.extract()) + ' '
print '选择版本:%s ' % strversion
it['version'] = strversion # 购买方式
buy_style = site.xpath('//div[@id="choose-type"]/div[2]/div/a/text()')
print '购买方式:%s ' % str(buy_style[0].extract())
it['buy_style'] = buy_style[0].extract() # 套装
suits = site.xpath('//div[@id="choose-suits"]/div[2]/div/a/text()')
strsuit = ''
for tz in suits:
strsuit += str(tz.extract()) + ' '
print '套装:%s ' % strsuit
it['suit'] = strsuit # 增值保障
vaps = site.xpath('//div[@class="yb-item-cat"]/div[1]/span[1]/text()')
strvaps = ''
for vap in vaps:
strvaps += str(vap.extract()) + ' '
print '增值保障:%s ' % strvaps
it['value_add_protection'] = strvaps # 白条分期
stagings = site.xpath('//div[@class="baitiao-list J-baitiao-list"]/div[@class="item"]/a/strong/text()')
strstaging = ''
for st in stagings:
ststr =str(st.extract())
strstaging += ststr.strip() + ' '
print '白天分期:%s ' % strstaging
it['staging'] = strstaging it_list.append(it)
return it_list

   2、SplashTestItem

    

    

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html import scrapy class SplashTestItem(scrapy.Item):
#单价
price = scrapy.Field()
# description = Field()
#促销
promotion = scrapy.Field()
#增值业务
value_add = scrapy.Field()
#重量
quality = scrapy.Field()
#选择颜色
color = scrapy.Field()
#选择版本
version = scrapy.Field()
#购买方式
buy_style=scrapy.Field()
#套装
suit =scrapy.Field()
#增值保障
value_add_protection = scrapy.Field()
#白天分期
staging = scrapy.Field()
# post_view_count = scrapy.Field()
# post_comment_count = scrapy.Field()
# url = scrapy.Field()

    3、SplashTestPipeline

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import codecs
import json class SplashTestPipeline(object):
def __init__(self):
# self.file = open('data.json', 'wb')
self.file = codecs.open(
'spider.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
# self.file = codecs.open(
# 'spider.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') def process_item(self, item, spider):
line = json.dumps(dict(item), ensure_ascii=False) + "\n"
self.file.write(line)
return item def spider_closed(self, spider):
self.file.close()

   4、settings.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for splash_test project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
# http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'splash_test.pipelines.SplashTestPipeline':300
}
BOT_NAME = 'splash_test' SPIDER_MODULES = ['splash_test.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'splash_test.spiders' SPLASH_URL = 'http://192.168.99.100:8050'
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'splash_test (+http://www.yourdomain.com)' # Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'scrapy_splash.SplashCookiesMiddleware': 723,
'scrapy_splash.SplashMiddleware': 725,
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware': 810,
}
SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'scrapy_splash.SplashDeduplicateArgsMiddleware': 100,
}
DUPEFILTER_CLASS = 'scrapy_splash.SplashAwareDupeFilter'
HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy_splash.SplashAwareFSCacheStorage'
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32 # Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16 # Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False # Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False # Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
# 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
# 'Accept-Language': 'en',
#} # Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'splash_test.middlewares.SplashTestSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#} # Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'splash_test.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#} # Enable or disable extensions
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#} # Configure item pipelines
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
#ITEM_PIPELINES = {
# 'splash_test.pipelines.SplashTestPipeline': 300,
#} # Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False # Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'
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