一、简介
在分布式系统中,由于服务数量巨多,为了方便服务配置文件统一管理,实时更新,所以需要分布式配置中心组件。在Spring Cloud中,有分布式配置中心组件spring cloud config ,它支持配置服务放在配置服务的内存中(即本地),也支持放在远程Git仓库中。在spring cloud config 组件中,分两个角色,一是config server,二是config client。
二、构建Config Server
父maven工程省略,父pom文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.javen</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud-config</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>pom</packaging> <name>springcloud-config</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <description>springcloud config demo</description> <modules> <module>springcloud-config-eureka</module> <module>springcloud-config-server</module> <module>springcloud-config-client</module> </modules> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
创建一个spring-boot项目,取名为springcloud-config-eureka,其pom.xml如下:
<?xml version="1.0"?> <project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>com.javen</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud-config</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <artifactId>springcloud-config-eureka</artifactId> <name>springcloud-config-eureka</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
在程序的入口Application类加上注解开启配置服务器的功能,代码如下:
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaServer public class ConfigEurekaApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ConfigEurekaApplication.class, args); System.out.println("config 注册中心服务启动..."); } }
需要在程序的配置文件application.properties文件配置以下:
spring.application.name=springcloud-config-eureka server.port=8005 ## 表示是否将自己注册到Eureka Server,默认为true。 eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false ## 表示是否从Eureka Server获取注册信息,默认为true。 eureka.client.fetch-registry=false ## 设置与Eureka Server交互的地址,查询服务和注册服务都需要依赖这个地址。 eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:${server.port}/eureka/
创建一个spring-boot项目,取名为springcloud-config-server,其pom.xml如下:
<?xml version="1.0"?> <project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>com.javen</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud-config</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <artifactId>springcloud-config-server</artifactId> <name>springcloud-config-server</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
在程序的入口Application类加上注解开启配置服务器的功能,代码如下:
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; import org.springframework.cloud.config.server.EnableConfigServer; @EnableDiscoveryClient @EnableConfigServer @SpringBootApplication public class ConfigServerApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ConfigServerApplication.class, args); System.out.println("配置中心服务端启动成功!"); } }
需要在程序的配置文件application.properties文件配置以下:
spring.application.name=springcloud-config-server server.port=9005 ## 设置与Eureka Server交互的地址,查询服务和注册服务都需要依赖这个地址。 eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8005/eureka/ ## 读取本地文件,取消本属性注释,注释下面的git属性后从本地读取属性配置 #spring.profiles.active=native ## 读取git的路径 # git仓库的地址 spring.cloud.config.server.git.uri = https://github.com/xuwujing/springcloud-study/ # git仓库地址下的相对地址 多个用逗号","分割 spring.cloud.config.server.git.search-paths = /springcloud-config/config-repo # git仓库的账号 spring.cloud.config.server.git.username = # git仓库的密码 spring.cloud.config.server.git.password =
spring.cloud.config.server.git.uri:配置git仓库地址
spring.cloud.config.server.git.searchPaths:配置仓库路径
spring.cloud.config.label:配置仓库的分支
spring.cloud.config.server.git.username:访问git仓库的用户名
spring.cloud.config.server.git.password:访问git仓库的用户密码
如果Git仓库为公开仓库,可以不填写用户名和密码,如果是私有仓库需要填写,本例子是公开仓库,放心使用。
远程仓库https://github.com/xuwujing/springcloud-study/中有个文件/springcloud-config/config-repo文件夹中有对应的属性文件属性如下:
word=hello world
configtest.properties文件配置以下(本地属性文件):
word=hello world
证明配置服务中心可以从远程程序获取配置信息。
http请求地址和资源文件映射如下:
/{application}/{profile}[/{label}]
/{application}-{profile}.yml
/{label}/{application}-{profile}.yml
/{application}-{profile}.properties
/{label}/{application}-{profile}.properties
三、构建一个config client
重新创建一个springboot项目,取名为config-client,其pom文件:
<?xml version="1.0"?> <project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>com.javen</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud-config</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <artifactId>springcloud-config-client</artifactId> <name>springcloud-config-client</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
其配置文件bootstrap.properties:
spring.cloud.config.name=configtest spring.cloud.config.profile=pro spring.cloud.config.label=master spring.cloud.config.discovery.enabled=true spring.cloud.config.discovery.serviceId=springcloud-config-server eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8005/eureka/
其配置文件application.properties:
spring.application.name=springcloud-config-client server.port=9006
在程序的入口Application类加上注解开启配置服务器的功能,代码如下:
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @EnableDiscoveryClient @SpringBootApplication @RestController public class ConfigClientApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ConfigClientApplication.class, args); System.out.println("配置中心客户端启动成功!"); } @Value("${word}") private String word; @RequestMapping("/hello") public String index(@RequestParam String name) { return name+","+this.word; } }
打开网址访问:http://localhost:9006/hello?name=xx,网页显示:
xx,hello world!!
这就说明,config-client从config-server获取了foo的属性,而config-server是从git仓库读取的,如图: