一、数据验证
1.1、为什么要进行数据验证
对数据的合法性进行检查，只允许合法的数据进入应用程序
1.2、在哪里实现数据验证
客户端验证：
数据提交前在客户端验证
可使用JavaScript或者JQuery实现
特点：减少客户等待时间，减小服务器压力
服务器端验证：
在数据提交后服务器端验证
特点：防止“绕过”客户端验证提交非法数据
可以在服务器端处理数据前确保数据的合法性
1.3、Struts2有两种方式实现服务器端数据验证
- 使用ActionSupport编码实现验证
- 使用验证框架实现验证
二、使用ActionSupport实现验证
- 在Action类的业务方法中直接验证
- 重写Validate()方法
- 使用validateXxx()方法
2.1、添加错误信息
addFieldError(String fieldName,String errorMessage),添加字段的错误信息
addActionError(String anErrorMessage)，添加与Action所处理业务相关的错误信息
2.2、在页面输出验证结果
- <s:fielderror/>输出一个或者所胡字段的错误信息
- <s:actionerror/>输出所有Action的错误信息
2.3、action的配置
<result name="input">xxx.jsp</result>
三、ActionSupport验证简单实现
3.1、业务方法中较验
实体类
package com.pb.entity;
/*
* 用户类
*/
public class User {
private String username; //用户名
private String password; //密码
private Integer age; //年龄
private String email; //邮箱 public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
} }
register.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>注册页面</title>
</head>
<body> <!-- 判断字段是否有错误信息-->
<s:if test="hasFieldErrors()">
<h1 align="center">输出错误字段信息</h1>
<div align="center" style="color:blue;">
使用s:fielderror输出一个指定的错误信息
<s:fielderror name="user.username" />
使用s:fielderror输出全部的错误信息
<s:fielderror />
</div>
</s:if>
<!-- 判断action是否有错误 -->
<s:if test="hasActionErrors()">
<h1 align="center">输出错误Action信息</h1>
<div align="center" style="color:gray;">
使用s:actionerror输出action相关的错误信息
<s:actionerror/>
</div>
</s:if>
<h1>使用execute业务方法直接较验</h1>
<s:form action="register.action" method="post" >
<s:textfield label="用户名" name="user.username"/>
<s:password label="密码" name="user.password"/>
<s:textfield label="年龄" name="user.age" />
<s:textfield label="邮箱" name="user.email"/>
<s:submit value="提交" /><s:reset value="重置" /><br/>
</s:form>
<s:debug/>
</body>
</html>
UserAction
package com.pb.web.action; import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.pb.entity.User; public class UserAction extends ActionSupport {
private User user; @Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
if(null==user.getUsername() || "".equals(user.getUsername())){
this.addFieldError("user.username", "用户名不能为空!");
}
if(null==user.getPassword() || "".equals(user.getPassword())){
this.addFieldError("user.password", "密码不能为空!");
}
String ageStr="^\\d{1,3}$";
Pattern ageReg=Pattern.compile(ageStr);
Matcher ageMatcher=ageReg.matcher(user.getAge()+"");
if(!ageMatcher.matches()){
this.addFieldError("user.age", "年龄只能是数字,并只能为1-200之间!");
}
if(null==user.getAge()){
this.addFieldError("user.age", "年龄不能为空!");
} String emaString="^\\w+@\\w+(.\\w{2,3}){1,2}$";
Pattern emailReg=Pattern.compile(emaString);
Matcher emailMatcher=emailReg.matcher(user.getEmail());
if(!emailMatcher.matches()){
this.addFieldError("user.email", "邮箱格式不正确");
}
if(this.hasErrors()){
this.addActionError("输入的注册信息有误");
return INPUT;
}
return SUCCESS;
} public User getUser() {
return user;
} public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
} }
struts.xml
<struts>
<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false" />
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<action name="register" class="com.pb.web.action.UserAction">
<result name="input">/register.jsp</result>
<result name="success">/registerSuccess.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
四、在Validate()方法中实现验证
- 重写ActionSupport类的validate()方法
- 在validate()方法中实现验证
- 将数据验证和业务处理分离
- 添加与显示错误信息的方式不变
接收参数时，数据转换失败也会调用validate()方法
validate()方法验证不通过不会执行业务方法
4.1、更改之前实现validate()验证
package com.pb.web.action; import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.pb.entity.User; public class UserAction1 extends ActionSupport {
private User user; @Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println("=========完成注册信息======");
if(this.hasErrors()){
this.addActionError("输入的注册信息有误");
return INPUT;
}
return SUCCESS;
} @Override
public void validate() {
if(null==user.getUsername() || "".equals(user.getUsername())){
this.addFieldError("user.username", "用户名不能为空!");
}
if(null==user.getPassword() || "".equals(user.getPassword())){
this.addFieldError("user.password", "密码不能为空!");
}
String ageStr="^\\d{1,3}$";
Pattern ageReg=Pattern.compile(ageStr);
Matcher ageMatcher=ageReg.matcher(user.getAge()+"");
if(!ageMatcher.matches()){
this.addFieldError("user.age", "年龄只能是数字,并只能为1-200之间!");
}
if(null==user.getAge() || "".equals(user.getAge())){
this.addFieldError("user.age", "年龄不能为空!");
}else{
if(0>user.getAge() || 200<user.getAge()){
this.addFieldError("user.age", "年龄1-200之间!!");
}
} String emaString="^\\w+@\\w+(.\\w{2,3}){1,2}$";
Pattern emailReg=Pattern.compile(emaString);
Matcher emailMatcher=emailReg.matcher(user.getEmail());
if(!emailMatcher.matches()){
this.addFieldError("user.email", "邮箱格式不正确");
}
super.validate(); } public User getUser() {
return user;
} public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
} }
如果Action中有validate()方法，会先执行验证，验证后才执行业务方法，不通过不执行业务方法
五、针对一个业务方法进行数据验证
使用validateXxx()方法
- Struts2支持validateXxx()方法针对xxx（）方法进行数据验证
- 使用validateRegister()方法实现针对register()方法的数据验证
- 注册时通过validateRegister()方法验证年龄和邮箱等其它字段
- 注册和登录时在validate()方法中验证用户名和密码非空等其它验证
validate()方法和validateXxx()方法同时存在时都会起作用
ValidateXxx()方法的调用要先于validate()方法
5.1、使用针对注册的验证方法
package com.pb.web.action; import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.pb.entity.User; public class UserAction2 extends ActionSupport {
private User user; public String register() throws Exception {
System.out.println("=========完成注册信息======");
if(this.hasErrors()){
return INPUT;
}
return SUCCESS;
} @Override
public void validate() {
System.out.println("====执行validate方法验证====");
if(null==user.getUsername() || "".equals(user.getUsername())){
this.addFieldError("user.username", "用户名不能为空!");
}
if(null==user.getPassword() || "".equals(user.getPassword())){
this.addFieldError("user.password", "密码不能为空!");
} } public void validateRegister(){
System.out.println("====执行validateRegister方法验证====");
String ageStr="^\\d{1,3}$";
Pattern ageReg=Pattern.compile(ageStr);
Matcher ageMatcher=ageReg.matcher(user.getAge()+"");
if(!ageMatcher.matches()){
this.addFieldError("user.age", "年龄只能是数字,并只能为1-200之间!");
}
if(null==user.getAge() || "".equals(user.getAge())){
this.addFieldError("user.age", "年龄不能为空!");
}else{
if(0>user.getAge() || 200<user.getAge()){
this.addFieldError("user.age", "年龄1-200之间!!");
}
} String emaString="^\\w+@\\w+(.\\w{2,3}){1,2}$";
Pattern emailReg=Pattern.compile(emaString);
Matcher emailMatcher=emailReg.matcher(user.getEmail());
if(!emailMatcher.matches()){
this.addFieldError("user.email", "邮箱格式不正确");
}
} public User getUser() {
return user;
} public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
} }
struts.xml
<action name="register2" class="com.pb.web.action.UserAction2" method="register">
<result name="input">/register2.jsp</result>
<result name="success">/registerSuccess.jsp</result>
</action>
5.2、三种方法
六、验证框架
6.1、实现
package com.pb.web.action; import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.pb.entity.User; public class UserAction3 extends ActionSupport {
private User user; public String register() throws Exception {
System.out.println("=========完成注册信息======");
return SUCCESS;
} public User getUser() {
return user;
} public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
} }
UserAction3-validation.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC "-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator 1.0.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-1.0.3.dtd">
<validators>
<!-- 用户名验证-->
<field name="user.username">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>用户名不能为空!</message>
</field-validator>
<field-validator type="stringlength">
<param name="minLength">4</param>
<param name="maxLength">16</param>
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>用户名必须为${minLength}至${maxLength}个字符！,当前为${user.username}</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
<!--密码 -->
<field name="user.password">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>密码不能为空!</message>
</field-validator>
<field-validator type="stringlength">
<!--去掉前后的空格 -->
<param name="trim">true</param>
<param name="minLength">6</param>
<param name="maxLength">20</param>
<message>密码必须为${minLength}至${maxLength}个字符,当前为${user.password}</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
<!--年龄 -->
<field name="user.age">
<field-validator type="required">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>年龄不能为空</message>
</field-validator>
<field-validator type="int">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<param name="min">1</param>
<param name="max">200</param>
<message>年龄为${min}---${max}岁之间</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
<field name="user.email">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>邮箱不能为空</message>
</field-validator>
<field-validator type="email">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>邮箱格式不正确!</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
</validators>
jsp页面
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>注册页面</title>
</head>
<body> <!-- 判断字段是否有错误信息-->
<s:if test="hasFieldErrors()">
<h1 align="center">输出错误字段信息</h1>
<div align="center" style="color:blue;">
使用s:fielderror输出全部的错误信息
<s:fielderror />
</div>
</s:if>
<h1>ActionName-validation.xml较验</h1>
<!-- 必须加上namespace不然不起作用-->
<s:form action="register3.action" method="post" namespace="/" >
<s:textfield label="用户名" name="user.username"/>
<s:password label="密码" name="user.password"/>
<s:textfield label="年龄" name="user.age" />
<s:textfield label="邮箱" name="user.email"/>
<s:submit value="提交" /><s:reset value="重置" /><br/>
</s:form>
<s:debug/>
</body>
</html>
struts.xml
<action name="register3" class="com.pb.web.action.UserAction3" method="register">
<result name="input">/register3.jsp</result>
<result name="success">/registerSuccess.jsp</result>
</action>
七、针对一个业务编写配置文件
7.1、更改实现
将上面的年龄验证和邮箱验证独立出来
struts.xml
<action name="register3" class="com.pb.web.action.UserAction3" method="register">
<result name="input">/register3.jsp</result>
<result name="success">/registerSuccess.jsp</result>
</action>
UserAction3-validation.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC "-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator 1.0.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-1.0.3.dtd">
<validators>
<!-- 用户名验证-->
<field name="user.username">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>用户名不能为空!</message>
</field-validator>
<field-validator type="stringlength">
<param name="minLength">4</param>
<param name="maxLength">16</param>
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>用户名必须为${minLength}至${maxLength}个字符！,当前为${user.username}</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
<!--密码 -->
<field name="user.password">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>密码不能为空!</message>
</field-validator>
<field-validator type="stringlength">
<!--去掉前后的空格 -->
<param name="trim">true</param>
<param name="minLength">6</param>
<param name="maxLength">20</param>
<message>密码必须为${minLength}至${maxLength}个字符,当前为${user.password}</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
</validators>
UserAction3-register3-validation.xml 中间的名称要与action名字相同
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC "-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator 1.0.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-1.0.3.dtd">
<validators>
<!-- 用户名验证-->
<field name="user.username">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>用户名不能为空!</message>
</field-validator>
<field-validator type="stringlength">
<param name="minLength">4</param>
<param name="maxLength">16</param>
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>用户名必须为${minLength}至${maxLength}个字符！,当前为${user.username}</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
<!--密码 -->
<field name="user.password">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>密码不能为空!</message>
</field-validator>
<field-validator type="stringlength">
<!--去掉前后的空格 -->
<param name="trim">true</param>
<param name="minLength">6</param>
<param name="maxLength">20</param>
<message>密码必须为${minLength}至${maxLength}个字符,当前为${user.password}</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
</validators>