Oracle之主键的创建、添加、删除操作

一、创建表的同时创建主键约束

1.1、无命名

SQL> create table jack (id int primary key not null,name varchar2(20));

Table created

SQL> select table_name,index_name from user_indexes where table_name='JACK';

TABLE_NAME                     INDEX_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
JACK SYS_C0011100

1.2、有命名

SQL> create table jack (id int ,name varchar2(20),constraint ixd_id primary key(id));

Table created

SQL> select table_name,index_name from user_indexes where table_name='JACK';

TABLE_NAME                     INDEX_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
JACK IXD_ID

二、向表中添加主键约束

SQL> create table jack as select * from dba_objects;

Table created

SQL> desc jack;
Name Type Nullable Default Comments
-------------- ------------- -------- ------- --------
OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Y
OBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(128) Y
SUBOBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Y
OBJECT_ID NUMBER Y
DATA_OBJECT_ID NUMBER Y
OBJECT_TYPE VARCHAR2(19) Y
CREATED DATE Y
LAST_DDL_TIME DATE Y
TIMESTAMP VARCHAR2(19) Y
STATUS VARCHAR2(7) Y
TEMPORARY VARCHAR2(1) Y
GENERATED VARCHAR2(1) Y
SECONDARY VARCHAR2(1) Y
NAMESPACE NUMBER Y
EDITION_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Y SQL> alter table jack add constraint pk_id primary key(object_id); Table altered SQL> select table_name,index_name from user_indexes where table_name='JACK'; TABLE_NAME INDEX_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
JACK PK_ID

----另外当索引创建好以后再添加主键的效果:

SQL> create table jack as select * from dba_objects;

Table created

SQL> create index ind_object_id on jack(object_id);

Index created

SQL> select table_name,index_name from user_indexes where table_name='JACK';

TABLE_NAME                     INDEX_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
JACK IND_OBJECT_ID SQL> desc jack;
Name Type Nullable Default Comments
-------------- ------------- -------- ------- --------
OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Y
OBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(128) Y
SUBOBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Y
OBJECT_ID NUMBER Y
DATA_OBJECT_ID NUMBER Y
OBJECT_TYPE VARCHAR2(19) Y
CREATED DATE Y
LAST_DDL_TIME DATE Y
TIMESTAMP VARCHAR2(19) Y
STATUS VARCHAR2(7) Y
TEMPORARY VARCHAR2(1) Y
GENERATED VARCHAR2(1) Y
SECONDARY VARCHAR2(1) Y
NAMESPACE NUMBER Y
EDITION_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Y SQL> alter table jack add constraint pk_id primary key(object_id); Table altered SQL> desc jack;
Name Type Nullable Default Comments
-------------- ------------- -------- ------- --------
OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Y
OBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(128) Y
SUBOBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Y
OBJECT_ID NUMBER
DATA_OBJECT_ID NUMBER Y
OBJECT_TYPE VARCHAR2(19) Y
CREATED DATE Y
LAST_DDL_TIME DATE Y
TIMESTAMP VARCHAR2(19) Y
STATUS VARCHAR2(7) Y
TEMPORARY VARCHAR2(1) Y
GENERATED VARCHAR2(1) Y
SECONDARY VARCHAR2(1) Y
NAMESPACE NUMBER Y
EDITION_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Y SQL> select table_name,index_name from user_indexes where table_name='JACK'; TABLE_NAME INDEX_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
JACK IND_OBJECT_ID

三、修改主键约束

3.1、禁用/启用主键

SQL> select a.table_name,a.index_name,b.constraint_name,b.constraint_type,b.status from user_indexes a,user_constraints b where b.table_name='JACK'and a.table_name=b.table_name;

TABLE_NAME                     INDEX_NAME                     CONSTRAINT_NAME                CONSTRAINT_TYPE STATUS
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------------- --------
JACK PK_ID PK_ID P ENABLED SQL> alter table jack disable primary key; Table altered SQL> select a.table_name,a.index_name,b.constraint_name,b.constraint_type,b.status from user_indexes a,user_constraints b where b.table_name='JACK'and a.table_name=b.table_name; TABLE_NAME INDEX_NAME CONSTRAINT_NAME CONSTRAINT_TYPE STATUS
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------------- -------- SQL> alter table jack enable primary key; Table altered SQL> select a.table_name,a.index_name,b.constraint_name,b.constraint_type,b.status from user_indexes a,user_constraints b where b.table_name='JACK'and a.table_name=b.table_name; TABLE_NAME INDEX_NAME CONSTRAINT_NAME CONSTRAINT_TYPE STATUS
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------------- --------
JACK PK_ID PK_ID P ENABLED

3.2、重命名主键

SQL> select a.table_name,a.index_name,b.constraint_name,b.constraint_type,b.status from user_indexes a,user_constraints b where b.table_name='JACK'and a.table_name=b.table_name;

TABLE_NAME                     INDEX_NAME                     CONSTRAINT_NAME                CONSTRAINT_TYPE STATUS
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------------- --------
JACK PK_ID PK_ID P ENABLED SQL> alter table jack rename constraint pk_id to pk_jack_id; Table altered SQL> select a.table_name,a.index_name,b.constraint_name,b.constraint_type,b.status from user_indexes a,user_constraints b where b.table_name='JACK'and a.table_name=b.table_name; TABLE_NAME INDEX_NAME CONSTRAINT_NAME CONSTRAINT_TYPE STATUS
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------------- --------
JACK PK_ID PK_JACK_ID P ENABLED

四、删除表中已有的主键约束

4.1、无命名

----先利用user_cons_columns表查得主键名:
SQL> select owner,constraint_name,table_name,column_name from user_cons_columns where table_name = 'JACK'; OWNER CONSTRAINT_NAME TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------
JACK SYS_C0011105 JACK ID
SQL> select table_name,index_name from user_indexes where table_name='JACK'; TABLE_NAME INDEX_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
JACK SYS_C0011105
SQL> alter table jack drop constraint SYS_C0011105; Table altered

4.2、有命名

SQL> select owner,constraint_name,table_name,column_name from user_cons_columns where table_name = 'JACK';

OWNER                          CONSTRAINT_NAME                TABLE_NAME                     COLUMN_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------
JACK IXD_ID JACK ID SQL> alter table jack drop constraint IXD_ID; Table altered SQL> select owner,constraint_name,table_name,column_name from user_cons_columns where table_name = 'JACK'; OWNER CONSTRAINT_NAME TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------
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